Doubly- Reinforced Beam

Doubly- Reinforced Beam

1. Design rectangular beam to carry a factored moment 270 KN-m. The beam width is 250 mm and its
effective depth, d is 400 mm. Use fy= 344.7 MPa and f’c =20.7 MPa. Use d’ = 60mm.

Solution

Assume singly reinforced,

M u=∅ Ru b d 2

Mu
R u=
∅ b d2

270 x 106
R u= =7. 5 MPa
0.9 ( 250 ) ( 400 )2

0.85 f ' c 2 Ru
ρ=
fy ( √
1− 1−
0.85 f ' c
=0.0314 )
ρmax =0.75 ( 0.0314 )=0.0236

ρmax < ρ

 Hence, Doubly Reinforce

Mu = Mu1 + Mu2

A s1 =ρmax x bd=0.0236 x 250 ( 400 )=2360 mm2

Solve for M u 1:

M u 1=∅ T 1 d− ( a2 )
0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

0.85(20.7) a(250)=(2360)(344.7)
a=184.937

c=217.573

( a2 )=2360 (344.7 ) [ 400− 162.21

Mu=T 1 d−
2 ]
( 0.9 )

Mu 1=233.477 KN −m

Mu 2=270−233.477=36.523 KN −m

Mu 2=∅ A s 2 fy ( d−d' )

36.523 x 106 =0.9 A s 2 (344.7 )( 400−60 )

A s 2=346.26 mm2

A s= A s1 + A s 2=2360 mm2 +346.26 mm2=2706.26 mm 2

Check f’s:

c−d ' 217.573−60

f ' s=600 x =600 x =434.538 MPa>344.7 MPa
c 217.573

 Therefore, A’s = As2

H= d + 0.5 bar ∅ + ∅Stirrup + Cover

= 400 + 0.5(25) + 10 + 40= 462.5 mm = say 500 mm

Bottom bar;

A s 2706.26
N= = =5.5=say 6 pcs
Ab 491

6Ø25 mm

2. Determine the permissible ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown where f’c = 20.7 Mpa and
fy = 345 MPa.

b=350mm
2Ø 28-A’s d’= 60 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 600 mm
d= 600 mm

4Ø 36-As

d’= 60 mm

d= 600 mm

Solution:

2Ø 28-A’s
Assume compression steel yields , f’s= fy; As2 = A’s
d’= 60 mm

d= 600 mm
'
A s 2=A 2
π 28 2
s=¿ ( 2) =1232mm ¿
4

π 36 2 ( ) 2
As= 4 =4072mm
4

A s1 =A s + A s 2=4072−1232=2840 mm2 ¿
¿ ❑

Σ F H =0

Cc=T

0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

A s 1 fy 2840 ( 345 )
a= '
= =159 mm
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 20.7 ) (350 )

159
c= =187 mm
0.85

By similar triangles,
 f's
Es 0.003
'
=
c−d c

c−d
f ' s=600 x =407 MPa>345 MPa
c

*Steel Yields

M u=∅ Mn

Mu=∅
[ ( )
0.85 f ' cab d −
2
+ A s2 fy ( d−d ' )
] =665 KN−m
10002

3. Design rectangular beam to carry a factored moment 250 KN-m. The beam width is 250 mm and its
effective depth, d is 400 mm. Use fy= 344.7 MPa and f’c =20.7 MPa. Use d’ = 60mm.

Solution

Assume singly reinforced,

M u=∅ Ru b d 2

Mu
R u=
∅ b d2

250 x 106
R u= =6.94 MPa
0.9 ( 250 ) ( 400 )2

'
2 Ru
ρ=
0.85 f c
fy ( √
1− 1−
0.85 f ' c
=0.028 )
ρmax =0.75 ( 0.028 ) =0.021

ρmax < ρ
  Hence, Doubly Reinforce

Mu = Mu1 + Mu2

A s1 =ρmax x bd=0.021 x 250 ( 400 )=2100 mm2

Solve for M u 1:

M u 1=∅ T 1 d−( a2 )
0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

0.85(20.7) a(250)=(2100)(344.7)

a=164.563

c=193.603

( a2 )=2100 ( 344.7 ) [ 400− 164.563

Mu=∅ T 1 d −
2 ] ( 0.9 )
Mu 1=206.99 KN −m

Mu 2=250−206.99=43.01 KN −m

Mu 2=∅ A s 2 fy ( d−d' )

43.01 x 10 6=0.9 A s 2 ( 344.7 ) ( 400−60 )

A s 2=40 7.762 mm2

A s= A s1 + A s 2=2100 mm2 +407.762 mm2=2507.762mm2

Check f’s:

c−d ' 193.603−60

f ' s=600 x =600 x =414.05 MPa>344.7 MPa
c 193.603
  Therefore, A’s = As2

H= d + 0.5 bar ∅ + ∅Stirrup + Cover

= 400 + 0.5(25) + 10 + 40= 462.5 mm = say 500 mm

Bottom bar;

A s 2507.762
N= = =5.1=say 6 pcs
Ab 491

4. Determine the permissible ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown where f’c = 25.7 MPa
and fy = 345 MPa.

b=350mm
2Ø 28-A’s d’= 60 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 600 mm
d= 600 mm

4Ø 36-As

d’= 60 mm

d= 600 mm

Solution:

Assume compression steel yields, f’s= fy; As2 = A’s

A s 2=A ' 2
π 28
s=¿ ( 2) =1232mm2 ¿
4
 π 36 2 ( ) 2
As= 4 =4072mm
4

A s1 =A s + A s 2=4072−1232=2840 mm2 ¿
¿ ❑

Σ F H =0

Cc=T

0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

A s 1 fy 2840 ( 345 )
a= '
= =128.2 mm
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 25.7 ) (350 )

128.2
c= =151 mm
0.85

By similar triangles,

f's
Es 0.003
'
=
c−d c

c−d '
f ' s=600 x =361.6 MPa>345 MPa
c

*Therefore, Steel Yields

M u=∅ Mn

Mu=∅
[ ( a2 )+ A
0.85 f ' cab d − s2 fy ( d−d ' )
] [
=0.9
(
0.85 ( 25.7 ) ( 128.2 )( 350 ) 600−
128.2
2 )
+1232 ( 345 )( 600−60 )
]
10002 10002
= Mu=679.32 KN −m

5. Design rectangular beam to carry a factored moment 150 KN-m. The beam width is 200 mm and its
effective depth, d is 400 mm. Use fy= 344.7 MPa and f’c =20.7 MPa. Use d’ = 60mm.
 Solution

Assume singly reinforced,

M u=∅ Ru b d 2

Mu
R u=
∅ b d2

150 x 106
R u= =5.21 MPa
0.9 ( 200 ) ( 400 )2

0.85 f ' c 2 Ru
ρ=
fy ( √
1− 1−
0.85 f ' c )
=0.018

ρmax =0.75 ( 0.028 ) =0.014

ρmax < ρ

 Hence, Doubly Reinforce

Mu = Mu1 + Mu2

A s1 =ρmax x bd=0.014 x 200 ( 400 )=1120 mm 2

Solve for M u 1:

M u 1=∅ T 1 d− ( a2 )
0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

0.85(20.7) a(200)=(1120)(344.7)

a=109.71

c=129.07
 ( a2 )=1120 (344.7 ) [ 400− 109.71
Mu=∅ T 1 d −
2 ]
( 0.9 )

Mu 1=119.92 KN −m

Mu 2=150−119.92=30.08 KN −m

Mu 2=∅ A s 2 fy ( d−d' )

30.08 x 106 =0.9 A s 2 ( 344.7 )( 400−60 )

A s 2=285.18 mm2

A s= A s1 + A s 2=1120 mm2 +285.18 mm2 =1405.18mm 2

Check f’s:

c−d ' 129.07−60

f ' s=600 x =600 x =346.05 MPa> 344.7 MPa
c 129.07

 Therefore, A’s = As2

H= d + 0.5 bar ∅ + ∅Stirrup + Cover

= 400 + 0.5(25) + 10 + 40= 462.5 mm = say 500 mm

Bottom bar;

A s 1405.18
N= = =5.1=say 6 pcs
Ab 491
6. Determine the permissible ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown where f’c = 25.7 MPa
and fy = 345 MPa.

b=350mm
2Ø 25-A’s d’= 60 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 600 mm
d= 600 mm

4Ø 36-As

d’= 60 mm

d= 600 mm

Solution:

Assume compression steel yields, f’s= fy; As2 = A’s

A s 2=A ' π 25
2
2
s=¿ ( 2) =982 mm ¿
4

π 36 2 ( ) 2
As= 4 =4072mm
4

A s1 =A s + A s 2=4072−982=3090 mm2 ¿
¿ ❑

Σ F H =0

Cc=T

0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

A s 1 fy 3090 ( 345 )
a= '
= =139.43 mm
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 25.7 ) (350 )

139.43
c= =165 mm
0.85

By similar triangles,
 f's
Es 0.003
'
=
c−d c

c−d '
f ' s=600 x =381.8 MPa>345 MPa
c

*Therefore, Steel Yields

M u=∅ Mn

a 139.43

Mu=∅
[ ( )
0.85 f ' cab d −
2
+ A s2 fy ( d−d ' )
] [
=0.9
(
0.85 ( 25.7 ) ( 139.43 )( 350 ) 600−
2 )
+982 ( 345 ) ( 600−60 )

10002 10002
= Mu=673.43 KN −m

7. Design rectangular beam to carry a factored moment 250 KN-m. The beam width is 250 mm and its
effective depth, d is 400 mm. Use fy= 344.7 MPa and f’c =25.7 MPa. Use d’ = 60mm.

b=250 mm
d’=60 mm
d=400 mm

Solution

Assume singly reinforced,

M u=∅ Ru b d 2

Mu
R u=
∅ b d2

250 x 106
R u= =6.94 MPa
0.9 ( 250 ) ( 400 )2

0.85 f ' c 2 Ru
ρ=
fy ( √
1− 1−
0.85 f ' c
=0.025)
ρmax =0.75 ( 0.025 ) =0.019

ρmax < ρ

 Hence, Doubly Reinforce

Mu = Mu1 + Mu2

A s1 =ρmax x bd=0.019 x 250 ( 400 ) =1900 mm2

Solve for M u 1:

M u 1=∅ T 1 d−( a2 )
0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

0.85(25.7) a( 250)=(1900)(344.7)

a=119.923

c=141.09

Mu=∅ T 1 d − ( a2 )=1900 ( 344.7) [ 400− 119.923

2 ] ( 0.9)
Mu 1=200.43 KN −m

Mu 2=250−200.43=49.57 KN −m

Mu 2=∅ A s 2 fy ( d−d' )

49.57 x 106=0.9 A s 2 ( 344.7 ) ( 400−60 )

A s 2=469.95 mm2

A s= A s1 + A s 2=1900 mm2 +469.95 mm2 =2369.95 mm2

Check f’s:
 c−d ' 141.09−60
f ' s=600 x =600 x =344.84 MPa> 344.7 MPa
c 141.09

 Therefore, A’s = As2

H= d + 0.5 bar ∅ + ∅Stirrup + Cover

= 400 + 0.5(25) + 10 + 40= 462.5 mm = say 500 mm

A s 2369.95
Bottom bar; N= = =4.8=say 5 pcs
Ab 491

8. Determine the permissible ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown where f’c = 25.7 MPa
and fy = 345 MPa.

b=350mm
2Ø 28-A’s d’= 60 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 500 mm
d= 600 mm

4Ø 36-As

d’= 60 mm

d= 600 mm

Solution:

Assume compression steel yields, f’s= fy; As2 = A’s

A s 2=A ' 2
π 28 2
s=¿ ( 2) =1232mm ¿
4

π 36 2 ( ) 2
As= 4 =4072mm
4
 A s1 =A s + A s 2=4072−1232=2840 mm2 ¿
¿ ❑

Σ F H =0

Cc=T

0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

A s 1 fy 2840 ( 345 )
a= '
= =128.2 m m
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 25.7 ) (350 )

128.2
c= =150.8 mm
0.85

By similar triangles,

f's
Es 0.003
'
=
c−d c

c−d '
f ' s=600 x =361.3 MPa>345 MPa
c

*Therefore, Steel Yields

M u=∅ Mn

Mu=∅
[ ( a2 )+ A
0.85 f ' cab d − s2 fy ( d−d ' )
] [
=0.9
(
0.85 ( 25.7 ) ( 128.2 )( 350 ) 500−
128.2
2 )
+1232 ( 345 ) ( 500−60 )
]
10002 10002
= Mu=552.85 KN −m

9. Design rectangular beam to carry a factored moment 245 KN-m. The beam width is 250 mm and its
effective depth, d is 400 mm. Use fy= 344.7 MPa and f’c =20.7 MPa. Use d’ = 60mm.
 Solution

Assume singly reinforced,

M u=∅ Ru b d 2

Mu
R u=
∅ b d2

245 x 106
R u= =6.81 MPa
0.9 ( 250 ) ( 400 )2

0.85 f ' c 2 Ru
ρ=
fy ( √
1− 1−
0.85 f ' c )
=0.027

ρmax =0.75 ( 0.027 )=0.020

ρmax < ρ

 Hence, Doubly Reinforce

Mu = Mu1 + Mu2

A s1 =ρmax x bd=0.02 x 250 ( 400 ) =2000 mm2

Solve for M u 1:

M u 1=∅ T 1 d− ( a2 )
0.85 f ' cab= A s1 f y

0.85(20.7) a(250)=(2000)(344.7)

a=156.73
c=184.38

( a2 )=2000 ( 344.7 ) [ 400− 156.73

Mu=∅ T 1 d −
2 ]
( 0.9 )

Mu 1=199.56 KN −m

Mu 2=245−199.56=45.44 KN −m

Mu 2=∅ A s 2 fy ( d−d' )

45.44 x 106=0.9 A s 2 ( 344.7 )( 400−60 )

A s 2=430.8 mm2

A s= A s1 + A s 2=2000 mm2 +430.8 mm 2=2430.8 mm2

Check f’s:

c−d ' 184.38−60

f ' s=600 x =600 x =404.75 MPa>344.7 MPa
c 184.38

Therefore, A’s = As2

H= d + 0.5 bar ∅ + ∅Stirrup + Cover

= 400 + 0.5(25) + 10 + 40= 462.5 mm = say 500 mm

Bottom bar;

A s 2430.8
N= = =4.6=say 5 pcs
Ab 491
10. Determine the permissible ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown where f’c = 25.7 MPa
and fy = 345 MPa.

b=250mm
2Ø 28-A’s d’= 60 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 600 mm
d= 600 mm

4Ø 36-As

d’= 60 mm

d= 600 mm

Solution:

Assume compression steel yields, f’s= fy; As2 = A’s

A s 2=A ' 2
π 28 2
s=¿ ( 2) =1232mm ¿
4

π 36 2 ( ) 2
As= 4 =4072mm
4

A s1 =A s + A s 2=4072−1232=2840 mm2 ¿
¿ ❑

Σ F H =0

Cc=T

0.85 f ' cab= A s1 fy

A s 1 fy 2840 (345 )
a= '
= =179.4 mm
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 25.7 ) (250 )

179.4
c= =211mm
0.85
 By similar triangles,

f's
Es 0.003
'
=
c−d c

c−d '
f ' s=600 x =429.4 MPa> 345 MPa
c

*Therefore, Steel Yields

M u=∅ Mn

Mu=∅
[ ( a2 )+ A
0.85 f ' cab d − s2 fy ( d−d ' )
] [
=0.9
(
0.85 ( 25.7 ) ( 179.4 ) ( 250 ) 600−
179.4
2 )+1232 (345 )( 600−60 )
]
10002 1000 2
= Mu=656.54 KN −m