Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2019

Pearson Edexcel International A Level

In Further Pure Mathmatics F3
(WFM03/01)
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest
awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic,
vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further
information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or
www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on
our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all
kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for
over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an
international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement
through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your
students at: www.pearson.com/uk

Summer 2019
Publications Code WFM03_01_1906_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
 General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
 EDEXCEL IAL MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

 M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and attempting to
apply it’, unless otherwise indicated.
 A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks
have been earned.
 B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
 Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark
schemes.

 bod – benefit of doubt

 ft – follow through
 the symbol will be used for correct ft
 cao – correct answer only
 cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question
to obtain this mark
 isw – ignore subsequent working
 awrt – answers which round to
 SC: special case
 oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
 dep – dependent
 indep – independent
 dp decimal places
 sf significant figures
  The answer is printed on the paper
 The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft
to indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a
misread however, the subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but
manifestly absurd answers should never be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially
simplify it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question
affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

 If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT
crossed out.
 If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.
7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.
General Principles for Further Pure Mathematics Marking
(But note that specific mark schemes may sometimes override these general principles).

Method mark for solving 3 term quadratic:

1. Factorisation

( x2  bx  c)  ( x  p)( x  q), where pq  c ,leading to x = …

(ax2  bx  c)  (mx  p)(nx  q), where pq  c and mn  a ,leading to x = …

2. Formula

Attempt to use the correct formula (with values for a, b and c).

3. Completing the square

2
 b
Solving x  bx  c  0 :
2
 x    q  c  0, q  0 ,leading to x = …
 2

Method marks for differentiation and integration:

1. Differentiation

Power of at least one term decreased by 1. ( x n  x n 1 )

2. Integration

Power of at least one term increased by 1. ( x n  x n 1 )

Use of a formula

Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the advice given in
recent examiners’ reports is that the formula should be quoted first.

Normal marking procedure is as follows:

Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it, even if there
are small errors in the substitution of values.

Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained by implication
from correct working with values, but may be lost if there is any mistake in the
working.

Exact answers

Examiners’ reports have emphasised that where, for example, an exact answer is
asked for, or working with surds is clearly required, marks will normally be lost if the
candidate resorts to using rounded decimals.

Answers without working

The rubric says that these may not gain full credit. Individual mark schemes will give
details of what happens in particular cases. General policy is that if it could be done
“in your head”, detailed working would not be required. Most candidates do show
working, but there are occasional awkward cases and if the mark scheme does not
cover this, please contact your team leader for advice.
Question Scheme
Marks
Number
1.(a) ae  6, a 2  e 2  1  9 Both correct equations needed but
B1
need not be shown explicitly
6
e  36  a 2  9  a  ... Eliminates e from their 2 equations
a
Or to obtain an equation in a and solves
for a or a2
6 36 2 3 M1
a   36  2  9  e  or
e e 3 Eliminates a from their 2 equations
6 to find e and then finds a
 a   ...
e
Correct exact value.
a  27 or 3 3 a   27 is A0 unless A1
 27 is rejected.
(3)
(b) 9 36 2 2 3
e2  1  e2  e or
27 27 3 3
Finds a numerical value for e using a correct identity. M1
This mark can be awarded if e has been found in part (a) or may be seen as
a
part of their calculation to find
e
Obtains a numerical value for x
a
 x      ... using a correct equation for at least
one directrix with their a and e
M1
e
(signs can be ignored)
Two correct equations. Allow
9 equivalents but must be simplified.
x  9 A1
2 So allow x   , x  4.5
2
(3)
[Total 6]

Note: Use of b 2  a 2 1  e2  can score (a) B0 M1 A0 and (b) M0 (if used again) M1 A0
 Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2 (a)(i)
e  e x  e +2e x  e x  e2 x 
x 2 2x

2cosh 2
x 1  2 1  1
4 2 M1
Substitutes the correct definition for coshx into the rhs and squares - full
expansion must be seen but allow 2 for 2e x  e x


 e2 x  e2 x 
 1  1  cosh 2 x *
Correct completion with no errors
A1
2 seen.
Working from left to right:
e  e2 x  e  e x   2
2x x 2

cosh 2 x  
2 2 M1
Uses the correct definition for cosh2x on lhs and expresses in terms of
e  e x  .
x 2

Correct completion with no errors

2 cosh 2 x  1* seen.
A1
(ii)
2sinh x cosh x  2
e x
 e x 

e
 ...
x
+ e x 
2 2
Use both correct definitions on rhs and attempts to multiply M1
2sinh x cosh x   e x  e  x  e x + e  x   ...scores M0
1
2
as the definitions for sinhx and coshx have not been seen
 e2 x  e2 x   sinh 2 x * Correct completion with no errors
A1
2 seen.
Working from left to right:

sinh 2 x 

e2 x  e2 x

 
e x + e x e x  e x  
2 2 M1
Uses the correct definition for sinh2x on lhs and uses the difference of 2
squares.
Correct completion with no errors
2sinh x cosh x * seen.
A1

If they work from both ends then a clear link must be established as a conclusion e.g. lhs = rhs, tick QED etc.
(b) 2cosh 2 x  1  7 cosh x  7  0 Use the identity for cosh2x M1
2cosh x  7cosh x  6  0   2cosh x  3 cosh x  2  0  cosh x  ...
2

Solve their 3TQ in cosh x M1

(the usual rules for solving can be applied if necessary)
3
cosh x  , 2 Correct answers, both needed A1
2

cosh x    x  ln    2  1 
or
x
e e
x
e x  e x 3
 2  e2 x  4e x  1  0 or   e2 x  3e x  1  0
2 2 2
4  12 3 5
 ex  or e x  M1
2 2
 x  ln...
Changes at least one arcosh to ln form either using the correct ln form of
arcosh or by returning to the correct exponential form of cosh and solving a
quadratic in ex.
(Note that returning to exponentials is more likely to give all 4 answers
below)
3 5 3 5  3 5 
x  ln    ,  ln     or ln     ,
 2 4   2 4   2 4  
    
ln 2  3 ,  ln 2  3 or ln 2  3 
All 4 correct, must be exact logarithms but can be any equivalent to those A1
shown with brackets.
Allow unsimplified if necessary and apply isw
3  3
2  3 5
e.g. allow ln      1  for ln   
2  2   2 4 
 
(5)
[Total 9]
 Alternative for 2(b) using exponentials:
e2 x  e2 x  e x  e x 
cosh 2 x  7 cosh x  7   7   7
2  2  M1
 e  7e  14e  7e  1  0
4x 3x 2x x

Substitutes the correct exponential forms and forms quartic in ex

e4 x  7e3 x  14e2 x  7e x  1  0   e 2 x  4e x  1 e 2 x  3e x  1  0
4  12 3 5
 ex  or e x 
2 2 M1A1
M1: Attempts to solve one of their quadratics in ex which has come from
their quartic in ex to obtain exact values for ex
A1: For at least 2 exact values of ex
4  12 3 5
 ex  or e x 
2 2 M1
 x  ln...
Change at least one exponential form to ln form
 4  12   3 5 
 x  ln   and x  ln  
 2   2 
A1
All 4 correct, must be exact logarithms but can be any equivalent to those
shown with brackets if necessary but e.g. they would not be required in the
above forms.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3(a) 8  4x  x2   x  2  4
2
Correct completion of the square B1
1 1 x2
  x  2 dx  arctan  c
4
2
2 2
M1: For obtaining k arctan f  x 
Accept other notation for arctan e.g. artan, tan-1 etc. M1A1
1 x 
A1: Correct result oe e.g. arctan   1   c  (must see brackets in this
2 2 
case)
The constant of integration is not required
May see substitution e.g.
1 1
x  2  2 tan u   dx   2sec 2 u du
 x  2  4 
2 2
4 tan u 4
1 1 1  x2
  du  u  c   arctan    c 
2 2 2  2 
For M1 this requires a complete method using a correct substitution and
including the reversal of the substitution and A1 as already defined
Accept other notation for arctan e.g. artan, tan-1 etc.
(3)
(b) For an attempt to complete the
square. Allow
M1
8  4x  x2      x  2
2
8  4 x  x 2  12   x  2 
2

Where α > 0
12   x  2 
2
A1
1 x2
 dx  arcsin  c
12   x  2  2
12

M1: For obtaining  arcsin g  x 

Accept other notation for arcsin e.g. arsin, sin-1 etc.
M1A1
x2
A1: Correct result oe e.g. arcsin  c
3
The constant of integration is not required
Accept other notation for arcsin e.g. arsin, sin-1 etc.
May see substitution e.g.
1 1
x  2  12 sin u   dx   12 cos u du
12   x  2  12  12sin 2 u
2

 x2
  du  u  c   arcsin    c 
 12 
For M1 this requires a complete method using a correct substitution and
including the reversal of the substitution and A1 as already defined
May see substitution e.g.
1 1
x  2  12 cos u   dx   12 sin u du
12   x  2  
2 2
12 12 cos u
 x2
   du  u  c    arccos    c 
 12 
For M1 this requires a complete method using a correct substitution and
including the reversal of the substitution and A1 as already defined
Accept other notation for arccos e.g. arcos, cos-1 etc.
(4)
[Total 7]
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
4(a) dy x Correct expression for dy/dx seen
 sinh B1
dx 3 explicitly or used
2
 dy  2 x  x
 1   dx  dx   1  sinh  3 dx   cosh  3  dx
Uses the correct formula for arc length and reaches: M1
 x
k   cosh   dx
3
 x
 3sinh   Correct integration A1
3
3a
  x 
length  3sinh     3  sinh a  sinh  a    ...
  3   3a
or
  x 
3a M1
length  2 3sinh     2  3  sinh a  sinh  0    ...
  3 0
Correct use of limits – in the second case, the lower (0) limit does not have
to been seen used
= 6sinh a Correct expression A1
Do not be overly concerned if a “sinh” becomes “sin” or there is a missing
“dx” along the way but the final answer must be correct.
(5)
(b) 6sinh a  12  sinh a  2  xQ  3a  3arsinh2
Uses their arc length in terms of sinh a and the 12 to find a in terms of M1
arsinh or ln and multiplies by 3

 3ln 2  5  Correct answer including brackets
and no other answers.
A1
(2)
(c) yQ  3cosh a  3 1  sinh a  3 1  "2"
2 2

or
 eln  2 5   e ln  2 5  
 
yQ  3cosh a  3cosh ln 2  5  3   2
  ...

M1
 
Use the curve equation with x = 3a or x = ˗3a and their value for a or sinh a
to obtain a numerical value for yQ i.e. no e’s or ln’s or cosh’s etc.
3 5 Cao A1
(2)
[Total 9]
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5(a)  i  2k    2i + j  3k   i  0  2  j 3  4  k 1  0
Attempt the correct vector product between the direction vectors M1
If no method is shown at least 2 “components” should be correct
2i + j  k Any multiple of this vector A1
(2)
(a) 1 1 1  1   2
Way 2         1 1
n   a    a   0   0,  a   1   0  a   , b  
2 2 M1
 b   b   2  b   3
       
Correct method leading to values for a and b
2i + j  k Any multiple of this vector A1

Useful Diagram:

146
(1, -3.5, 0.5) (3, 2, -1)
2

6
2 38

(2, -4, 0)
 Mark (b) and (c) together

(b) l has direction i  6 j  k Any multiple of this vector B1

Attempts scalar product
 i  6j  k   2i + j  k   2  6 1 between the direction of l and M1
the normal to the plane.
2  6  1
sin or cos  90      2  6  1 
6  38 sin... or cos...     A1
 NB 6  38  2 57   6  38 

For 11 (degrees symbol not

  11.45... 11 required). Do not isw and A1
mark their final answer.
(4)
(b) l has direction i  6 j  k Any multiple of this vector B1
Way 2
i  6 j  k  1  6  1  38
2 2 2
 
Followed by a complete method to find the perpendicular distance from A
 3 
to the plane i.e. as in part (c)   or finds the distance from (3, 2, -1) to
 6 M1
the intersection of the perpendicular from A with the plane (1, -3.5, 0.5)
 146 
  and then uses correct trigonometry to find the sin or cos or tan
 2 
(would need both distances) to find the required angle.
3 146 3
sin   6 , cos   2 , tan   6 A1
38 38 146
2
For 11 (degrees symbol not
  11.45... 11 required). Do not isw and mark A1
their final answer.
(b) l has direction i  6 j  k Any multiple of this vector B1
Way 3
 i  6j  k    2i + j  k   7i  j+13k
Attempts vector product between the direction of l and the normal to the M1
plane. If no method is shown at least 2 “components” should be correct
169  49  1
sin  Correct value for sin… A1
6  38
For 11 (degrees symbol not
  11.45... 11 required). Do not isw and mark A1
their final answer.
 (c)  has equation:
Way 1 r.  2i  j  k    4i  2j  k  .  2i  j  k   5
or
r.  2i  j  k    3i  2j  k  .  2i  j  k   5 M1A1
M1: Forms scalar product of a point in the plane with their normal vector
A1: Correct equation. Allow this mark if -5 (or the equivalent multiple of
-5 for their normal) is obtained i.e. do not need to see the equation of the
plane explicitly
r.  2i  j  k    2i  4j .  2i  j  k    8
8   5 M1
d   ...
22  12  12
Correct distance in any
6
d equivalent exact form e.g.
3 A1
2 6
(4)
(c)
Dist (2, -4, 0) to  3, 2, 1  3  2   2  4  12  ...
2 2
Way 2 M1
Correct attempt to find the distance between (2, ˗ 4, 0) and (3, 2, 1)
 38 Correct distance A1
3 Uses correct trigonometry to
d  " 38 "sin   " 38 "  ... M1
6  38 find the required distance
Correct distance in any
6
d equivalent exact form e.g.
3 A1
2 6
(c)  has equation:
Way 3 r.  2i  j  k    4i  2j  k  .  2i  j  k   5
or
r.  2i  j  k    3i  2j  k  .  2i  j  k   5 M1A1
M1: Forms scalar product of a point in the plane with their normal vector
A1: Correct equation. Allow this mark if -5 (or the equivalent multiple of
-5 for their normal) is obtained i.e. do not need to see the equation of the
plane explicitly
2  2  1 4    0   5 Uses a correct formula for the
d   ... M1
22  12  12 distance. (Allow ± their -5)
Correct distance in any
6
d equivalent exact form e.g.
3 A1
2 6
 (c) Let P be (3, 2, ˗1) so AP = i + 6j – k
Way 4  i  6j  k   2i + j  k   2  6 1
M1: Forms the vector AP and calculates scalar product with normal vector M1A1
A1: Correct scalar product for their normal i.e. 3 or a multiple of 3
depending on their normal (may be unsimplified)
2  6  1 Uses a correct formula for the
d   ... M1
2 1 1
2 2 2 distance.
Correct distance in any
6
d equivalent exact form e.g.
3 A1
2 6
(c)  has equation:
Way 5 r.  2i  j  k    4i  2j  k  .  2i  j  k   5
or
r.  2i  j  k    3i  2j  k  .  2i  j  k   5 M1A1
M1: Forms scalar product of a point in the plane with their normal vector
A1: Correct equation Allow this mark if -5 (or the equivalent multiple of
-5 for their normal) is obtained i.e. do not need to see the equation of the
plane explicitly
 2i  4j    2i  j  k  , 2x  y  z  5
1
 4  4  4      5   
2
1 22  11  12
 d  2i  j  k  M1
2 2
Requires a complete method: Uses the parametric form of the line through
(-2, 4, 0) perpendicular to the plane and substitutes into the equation of the
plane to find the value of the parameter and uses this correctly to find the
required distance.
Correct distance in any
6
d equivalent exact form e.g.
3 A1
2 6
[10]
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
6 (a) 35 0 1
2  2  3 2   4  3  0  5 is an eigenvalue
Mark (i)
1 25
and (ii)
together 4 0 35
B1
This mark is for demonstrating that 5 is an eigenvalue as above and requires
M1 on
a conclusion. This may also be done by substituting  = 5 into their CE to
ePEN
obtain 0 with a conclusion or by performing long division and obtaining a
remainder of 0 with conclusion. However if the candidate forms and solves
the CE and correctly obtains  = 5 this is sufficient without a conclusion.
The conclusion can be minimal e.g. “proven”, “QED”, tick etc.
3 0 1
1 2 2   3    2    3     4  2   
4 0 3
M1: Attempts determinant of A - I
Whichever method is chosen e.g. row/column/Sarrus, the expression should
be similar to the above e.g.
 Row 2:  2    3    3     4 M1A1

 Row 3: 4  0   2      3    3    2   
 Column 1 = as Row 1
 Column 2 = as Row 2
 Column 3 = as Row 3
A1: Correct equation including “ = 0” which may be implied by an attempt to
solve. NB Correct expanded cubic is 3 ˗ 82 + 17 ˗ 10 = 0
 2      5  1  0    ... M1
Attempts to solve cubic – may just be seen from calculator
  2, 1,  5 Other eigenvalues 2 and 1 A1
(5)
(b)  3 0 1  x   x 35 0 1  x   0 
         
 1 2 2  y   5  y  or  1 25 2  y    0 
 4 0 3  z  z  4 3  5     M1
      0  z   0 
Demonstrates the understanding that 5 is an eigenvalue
Either of these statements is sufficient
3x  z  5x
x  2 y  2z  5 y Multiplies out to obtain at least 2
M1
correct equations
4 x  3z  5 z
Allow any multiple of this vector e.g.
1
 3  
   5  will be common. Allow x =…,
 Eigenvector is  5  3 A1
6 2
   
y =…, and z =… where x, y and z
were seen in a vector earlier and isw.
(3)
  3 0 1  2   3 0 1  1 
      M1
(c)  1 2 2  1   ... or  1 2 2  2   ... B1 on
 4 0 3  3   4 0 3  1
      ePEN
Attempts to multiply one of the given vectors by M to find at least one image
 3 0 1  2   3 0 1  1 
     
 1 2 2  1   ... and  1 2 2  2   ... M1
 4 0 3  3   4 0 3  1
     
Attempts to multiply both of the given vectors by M to find both images
 3 0 1  2   
  
Note that an attempt at  1 2 2  1  2   ... scores both M’s provided
 4 0 3  3   
  
this results in the parametric image
3  2 A1
   
 2  or  3 One correct M1 on
 1  1 ePEN
   
 3  2
   
 2  and  3 Both correct A1
 1  1
   
 3  2 
 
 2  3  scores both A marks
 1   
 
r  c  d  0 where c  3i  2j  k and d  2i + 3j  k
Or
r  3i  2j  k    2i  3j  k   0 A1ft
Correct equation in the correct form.
Follow through their vectors but they must be correctly placed and depends
on both method marks.
(5)
[Total 13]

Note that candidates may transform 2 points on l1 and then use the transformed points to find the
direction of l2. In this case the second M and the second A1 will only be scored when the direction of l2 is
found and then the final mark becomes available.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7(a)
I n   cosh n x dx   cosh x cosh n1 x dx
B1
 In   cosh x cosh n1 x dx seen explicitly or used

I n   cosh n1 x sinh x  k  cosh n2 x sinh 2 x dx

M1
Uses parts in the correct direction to obtain an expression of the above
form
I n  cosh n1 x sinh x    n  1 cosh n2 x sinh 2 xdx
A1
Correct expression
I n  cosh n 1
x sinh x    n  1 cosh n2 x  cosh 2 x  1 dx
dM1
Use of sinh 2 x   cosh 2 x  1
Dependent on the previous method mark
I n  cosh n1 x sinh x   n 1 I n   n 1 I n2
Sub for In and In-2 and collect terms ddM1
Dependent on both previous method marks
nI n  sinh x cosh n1 x   n 1 I n2 * A1cso
Do not be overly concerned with notational errors e.g. if a “cosh” becomes a “cos” or a “sinh”
becomes a “sin” and is then recovered or if e.g. a cosh2x appears as coshx2 but is then recovered
or if the odd ”x” or “dx” disappears etc. as long as the intention is clear. However, if there are any
obvious errors such as sign errors then the final mark should be withheld.
(6)
(a)
I n   cosh n x dx   cosh 2 x cosh n2 x dx
Way 2 B1
 In   cosh 2 x cosh n2 x dx seen explicitly or used

  1  sinh 2 x  cosh n2 x dx

M1
Use of cosh x   sinh x  1
2 2

  cosh n2 x dx   sinh x sinh x cosh n2 x dx


  cosh x dx  sinh x
n2

cosh n 1 x
n 1
  cosh x
cosh n1 x
n 1
dx
M1: Integrates sinh xsinh xcoshn-2 x to obtain an expression of the form dM1A1
 P sinh x cosh n 1
x  Q cosh x cosh n 1
x dx Note that
these 2 marks
Dependent on the previous method mark
are reversed
cosh n 1 x cosh n 1 x
A1: For ...  sinh x   cosh x dx for this way.
n 1 n 1
Mark in the order on ePEN so that the dM1 is the A1 on ePEN and the A1
is the M2 on ePEN
  n 1 I n   n 1 I n2  sinh x cosh n1 x  I n
Sub for In and In-2 and collect term ddM1
Dependent on both previous method marks
nI n  sinh x cosh n1 x   n 1 I n2 * A1cso
 1
(b)  cosh 4 x dx 
4
cosh 3 x sinh x  3I 2  or 4 cosh 4 x dx  cosh 3 x sinh x  3I 2
M1
Applies the reduction formula to I4
1 1 
 cosh x dx  4 cosh x sinh x  3  2 cosh x sinh x  I 0  
4 3

or
1
4 cosh 4 x dx  cosh 3 x sinh x  3  cosh x sinh x  I 0 
2
Attempts to use the reduction formula again to obtain I2 in terms of I0
May be seen embedded in their I4
This is a method mark so allow confusion with the constants. M1

This mark can also be scored by an attempt to integrate cosh 2 x :

1
Either  cosh 2 x dx     cosh 2 x  1 dx   sinh 2 x   x
2
or
2
 e x  e x 
 cosh x dx  
2
  dx 
1
 e 2 x  2  e 2 x  dx  e 2 x  x  e 2 x

1 1 1
 2  4 8 2 8
Note that the final 2 A marks are only to be awarded once I0 has been
evaluated and substituted and they depend on having scored at least
one method mark.

Examples:
1 3 3
  cosh 4 x dx  cosh 3 x sinh x  cosh x sinh x  x  c 
4 8 8
1 3 3
  cosh 4 x dx  cosh 3 x sinh x  sinh 2 x  x  c 
4 16 8
1 3 3 3
  cosh 4 x dx  cosh 3 x sinh x  e 2 x  e 2 x  x  c 
4 32 32 8
1 A1A1
A1: cosh 3 x sinh x  1 other correct term
4
3 2 x 3 2 x
But note that e  e counts as 1 term
32 32
A1: Fully correct
Correct answer – constant of integration not required.

NOTE:
1 3 
 cosh 3 x sinh x   sinh x cosh x  I 0   scores M1M1A0A0
4 2 
1 3 
 cosh 3 x sinh x   sinh x cosh x  x   scores M1M1A1A1
4 2 
(4)
[Total 10]
Note that part (b) can be done in reverse order, in which case the method marks are awarded the other way
round e.g.

 I   dx  x 
0

1
Second M: I 2  sinh x cosh x  x  or as defined in the main scheme
2
1 1 
First M: I 4  sinh x cosh 3 x  3  cosh x sinh x  x   
4 2 
1 3 3
 cosh x dx  4 cosh x sinh x  8 cosh x sinh x  8 x  c 
4 3

A1A1: As defined in the main scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
8(a)
x 2  mx  c 
2

Way 1   1  ...
a2 b2
M1

Eliminates y from the equation of the ellipse and attempts to expand  mx  c 

2

x 2 m2 x 2  2cmx  c 2
 1
a2 b2 A1
Correct equation with the (mx + c)2 expanded correctly
4a 4 m2c 2  4a 2  b 2  a 2 m 2  c 2  b 2 
Uses discriminant = 0 or equivalent dM1
Dependent on the first method mark
a 2 m2c 2  b 2c 2  b 4  a 2 m2c 2  a 2 m 2  b 2

c 2  b2  a 2 m2 * A1 cso
Complete to obtain the GIVEN result with no errors seen.
At least one intermediate step should be shown.
(4)
(a) b cos  b cos 
m  y  b sin    x  a cos  
Way 2 a sin  a sin 
b cos  b b cos  b
y x m , c M1A1
a sin  sin  a sin  sin 
M1: Forms the equation of a general tangent and “extracts” c and m
A1: Correct c and m
Substitutes their m into b2 + a2m2 or
2  b cos  
2

b a m b a 
2 2 2 2
 equivalent work. Dependent on the dM1
 a sin   first method mark
b cos   b2 sin 2 
2 2
b2
b 2  a 2 m2    c2
sin 2  sin 2  A1
b2  a 2 m2  c 2 *
Completes correctly with conclusion e.g. tick, QED etc.
 (b) c  c 
Way 1 x  0  y  c, y 0 x  or  A is    , 0   B is  0, c 
m  m  B1
Correct values for the intercepts or correct coordinates.
c2  c2  Correct expression for the area
Area OAB    or  B1
2m  2m  (allow + or – here )
Uses c2 = b2 + a2m2 in the area
M1
b 2  a 2 m2  b 2  a 2 m2  expression to eliminate c.
  or  Correct expression (may be
2m  2m  unsimplified) A1
(allow + or – here )
dA b 2 a
 m 
2 2
or
dA

 
2m  2a 2 m  2 b 2  a 2 m 2
dm 2 2 dm 4m 2 dM1
Differentiates wrt m (must be correct differentiation for their A).
Dependent on the previous M
Equate their derivative to 0 and
b2 b
At min m2  2 m     solves for m2 or m. Dependent on ddM1
a a all the previous M’s
b b
2 2
Min area  
2b

 ab units 2  Correct completion with no errors. A1

a
(7)
[Total 11]
(b) c  c 
Way 2 x  0  y  c, y 0 x  or  A is    , 0   B is  0, c 
m  m  B1
Correct values for the intercepts or correct coordinates.
c2  c2  Correct expression for the area
Area OAB    or  B1
2m  2m  (allow + or – here )
Uses c2 = b2 + a2m2 in the area
M1
b 2  a 2 m2  b 2  a 2 m2  expression to eliminate c.
  or  Correct expression (may be
2m  2m  unsimplified) A1
(allow + or – here )
Correct completion of the square
 am  b   2amb
2

A in the numerator. dM1

2m Dependent on the previous M
 am  b 
2

 ab  is minimum when am + b = 0
2m ddM1
Correct argument for establishing the minimum
Dependent on all the previous M’s
Min area  ab  units 2  Correct completion with no
A1
errors.
 (b) ab cos2   b 
Way 3 x 0 y   b sin    
a sin   sin  
or
B1
ab sin 
2
 a 
y 0 y   a cos    
b cos   cos  
Correct value for one of the intercepts or correct coordinates.
ab cos2   b 
x 0 y   b sin    
a sin   sin  
and
B1
ab sin 2   a 
y 0 y   a cos    
b cos   cos  
Correct values for both intercepts or correct coordinates.
Correct method for the area using
1 a b M1
Area OAB A  their intercepts
2 cos  sin  Correct area (may be unsimplified) A1
dA 2ab  cos   sin   
2 2

  0  
d 4sin  cos 
2 2
4 dM1
Adopts a correct strategy for finding  at the minimum
Dependent on the previous M
Amin 
ab Uses their value for  to find the
  minimum value. Dependent on ddM1
2sin cos
4 4 all the previous M’s
 ab  units 
2
Cso A1
Alternative for last 3 marks:
ab ab
Area OAB A  
2sin  cos  sin 2
And the minimum will occur when sin 2 is maximum i.e. when sin 2 = 1 dM1
Score this mark for a valid argument for determining the minimum
Dependent on the previous M
ab Completes the process of finding
Amin  the minimum. Dependent on all ddM1
1 the previous M’s
 ab  units 
2 Correct completion with no
A1
errors.
 (b) c  c 
Way 4 x  0  y  c, y 0 x  or  A is    , 0   B is  0, c 
m  m  B1
Correct values for the intercepts or correct coordinates.
c2  c2  Correct expression for the area
Area OAB    or  B1
2m  2m  (allow + or – here )
Uses c2 = b2 + a2m2 in the area
ac 2
 ac 2
 M1
expression to eliminate m.
   
2 c 2  b2  2 c 2  b2  Correct expression.
A1
(allow + or – here )
dA 2ac  2 c  b  2ac  c  b 
2 2 3 2 2  12


dc 4  c 2  b2  dM1
Differentiates wrt c.
Dependent on the previous M
At min 2c 2  2b2  c 2  0  c 2  2b 2
Equate their derivative to 0 and solves to obtain c in terms of b dM1
Dependent on all the previous M’s
2ab2
 ab  units 2 
Min area 
Correct completion with no
A1
2 2b  b
2 2 errors.

There will be other valid methods in part (b). Generally, the first 4 marks are for obtaining an
expression for the area of AOB and then applying the result in part (a) to enable progress to be made in
establishing the minimum or for using the general tangent in terms of  to find the intercepts and hence
the area of AOB. The final 3 marks are for selecting and implementing a correct strategy for proving
that the minimum area is ab.

There may also be other valid methods in part (a).

If you are in any doubt whether a particular method is valid then please seek advice from your
Team Leader.
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom