2.

The decimal places are the places

Chapter 4 DECIMALS occupied by the digit after the
decimal point.
4.1 Decimals and Fractions
1. A decimal is a fraction with a
denominator of 10 or a power of 10. Example:
2. To convert a fraction into a decimal, i) 7.9
divide the numerator by the denominator. 1 digit to the right of the decimal
3. To change a decimal into a fraction. point 4.2 Multiplication and Division of
Divide it by the power of 10 such as 10, Therefore, 7.9 has 1 decimal point. Decimals
100, 1 000,.. To multiply decimals
Example: ii) 7.94 (a) Multiply the decimals in the same way as
2 digits to the right of the decimal whole numbers.
i) point (b) The number of decimal places in the
2 Therefore, 7.94 has 2 decimal answer is equal to the sum of decimal
= 0.4
5 points. places in the individual decimals.
0.4 is read as zero point four iii) 7.948 Example :
ii) 3 digits to the right of the decimal i) 3.45 x 1.7 = 5.865
8 point
3.08 = 3 + Therefore, 7.948 has 3 decimal 3.45 ( 2 d.p.)
100 points. x 1.7 ( 1 d.p.)
2415
3.08 is read as three point zero eight
4.1 Addition and Subtraction 345
4.1 Place Value and Digit Value of Decimals 5.865 ( 3 d.p.)
1. To add or subtract decimals, arrange ii) 6.9 ÷ 0.03 =
Tens units Decima tenth hundredth the
l s s 6.9 690
digits of the same place value in the =
point 0.03 3
same
1 2 . 4 5 vertical column. = 230
Example:
12.45 = 10 + 2 + 0.4 +0.05 27.064 +1.3 + 0.91 = 29.274 4.1 Combined Operations
= 10 + 2 + In performing the combined operations of
4 5 27 . 064 decimals, we follow the same rule as
+ 1. 3 those for whole nuir
10 100
+ 0 . 91 (a) Work out the expressions in brackets.
29 . 274 (b) Do multiplication and division from left to
right.
(c) Do addition and subtraction from left to 5. To change a percentage into a
right. decimal, Example:
Example: divide by 100%. Given 10% of a number = 50
6x ( 4.1 – 2.12 ) ÷ 0.8
= 6 x 1.98 ÷ 0.8 Example: 16% = 1% of a number 50 =
= 11.88 / 0.8 16 50
= 14.85 100 10
The number = x 100
= 0.16 50
Chapter 5 PERCENTAGES (%)
5.2 Perform computations 10
5.1 Percentages
1. To find the percentage of a quantity, = 500
1. Percentage is a fraction out of 100. change into fraction and multiply by
2. Change a fraction into a percentage, the quantity. 4. To find the percentage increase or
multiply it by 100%. decrease
Example: x 100% = 75% Example: 30% of 400
3 = x 400 Percentage change = 5. I
4 30 n
change in value x 100% c
100
original value r
3. To change a decimal into a percentage, = 120
multiply by 100%. e
2. To find the percentage one number is ase may be dividend, commission, simple
Example: 0.29 x 100% = 29% of another, change both quantities to interest
the same unit, form a fraction and or
4. To change a percentage into fraction, Increase profit.
multiply by 100% = % increase x original value
divide by 100% and reduce to its lowest
terms. Example: 3 of 10
= x 100% Final value
Example:1.30% = = Original value + increase
3
30
1+ 10
100
= 30%
=
Example :
3 3. To find a number given the 300 is increased by 20 %
1 percentage, first find the value of
10
1 % then find the value of 100% of Value of increase =
the number.
 = 60
20
x300
100

Final value = 300 +60

= 360

Decrease
= % decrease x original value

Final value
= Original value - decrease

6. Decrease may be discount or loss.

Example:
Selling price = RM 500
Discount = 30%

Decrease =
30
xRM 500
100
= RM 150
Selling price = 500 – 150
=RM 350