Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

LABORATORY MANUAL

ECE 150

PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS LAB

Bajaj

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Table of Contents

S. No. Title of the Experiment Page No.

1. Realization of water level indicator on bread board 3

2. Realization of Touch operated switch on bread board 4

3. Realization of NOT gate using transistor. 5

4. Realization of the IR switch. 6

5. Realization of the Rain Alarm circuit. 7

6. Realization of the Light Operated switch on bread board. 8

7. Realization of Soft switch for Electrical appliances. 9

8. Realization of the UM-66 base melody generator on bread board. 10

9. Realization of Thermister based heat indicator. 11

10. Realization of the Direction control for DC motor circuit. 12

11. Plotting PN and Zener diode characteristics using PSpice. 14

12. Realization of variable flasher on bread board. 16

TEXT BOOK(S):
1. EFY project book vol 1-5.

OTHER READINGS:
Reference Book(s):
2. Ian R. Sinclair and John Dunton, “Practical Electronics Handbook”, Elsevier Ltd, 6e, 2007.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 1
Title: Realization of water level indicator on bread board.

Equipment Required: Wires and water tank (beaker).

Material Required: Transistor (BC548), LEDs, Resistor (220 Ohm) and 9V Battery Buzzer,

Objective: Application of transistor as an amplifier.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
Empty the water container initially.
Start increasing the water level slowly.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the sequential glowing of LEDs as the water level
increases, also the ringing of Buzzer at overflow.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of battery at any point in circuit.
Do not give direct supply to LEDs.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 2
Title: Realization of Touch operated switch on bread board.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply and Touch metal plates.

Material Required: Resistor (1K, 100k, 10M), IC NE 555, Buzzer, Capacitor (10uF) and
LED.

Objective: Application of IC 555.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
Touch the plates with finger.
The LED will glow.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 2

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the glow of LED as we touch the plates and the
ringing of Buzzer.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.
Do not give direct supply to LEDs.
Give proper supply to IC 555.

Experiment: 3
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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Title: Realization of NOT gate using transistor.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply and Multimeter.

Material Required: Transistor (BC548) and Resistor (1k,10k).

Objective: Application of Transistor as switch.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
Check the Base and Collector voltage with Multimeter.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 3

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the voltage at Base and Collector with Multimeter.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 4
Title: Realization of the IR switch.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply, & multimeter.

Material Required: ICs (555, SOTP IR Rx), Capacitor (0.1 F, 4.7 F), Resistors (1K, 22K,
330K, 10K, 100K, variable 20K), Battery (5 V), IR LED and LED.

Objective: Use of IR- transmitter and receiver.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram LED 1 should glow.
Interrupt IR light to reach IR Rx.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 4

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the difference on LED 1 while interrupting the path.
LED 1 glows when there is no interruption and it turns off when there is any interruption.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 5
Title: Realization of the Rain Alarm circuit.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply & multimeter.

Material Required: Speaker, IC timer- NE 555, Water sensor, Capacitor (0.01uF (2), 1uF),
and Resistor (10K, 56K).

Objective: Application of IC 555.

Procedure:

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Wet the water sensor.
The speaker will produce sound.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 5

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the sound of speaker as we wet water sensor.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.
Give proper supply to IC 555.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 6
Title: Realization of the Light Operated switch on bread board.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply & multimeter.

Material Required: Bulb holder, Torch, Transistor (BC548), Relay, LDR, Bulb (60 W) and
VAR resistor(100K).

Objective: Application of LDR.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
Throw a high intensity light on LDR by Torch.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 6

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the Bulb which turns on when light falls on LDR as
Relay switches on the supply to bulb.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.
Be very careful of AC supply, do not touch bare wires.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 7
Title: Realization of Soft switch for Electrical appliances.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply & multimeter.

Material Required: Bulb holder, 2-ON/OFF switch, IC-CD4027, Capacitor (0.47uF),

Transistor (SL100), Relay, LDR, Bulb (60W) and resistor (47K & 8.2K ).

Objective: Application of IC-CD4027.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
Press the ON/OFF button and turn on the electrical device.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 7

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the electrical appliance which turns on when we
press soft ON/OFF switch as Relay switches on the supply to appliance.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 8
Title: Realization of the UM-66 base melody generator on bread board.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply & multimeter.

Material Required: IC UM 66, Capacitor (0.1uF), Resistor (4.7K), Transistor

(HE8050S/BC547) and Speaker.

Objective: Application of IC-UM66.

Procedure:

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Switch on power supply and listen the sound from speaker.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 8

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the melodious sound from speaker when we switch
on the supply.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 9
Title: Realization of Thermister based heat indicator.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply, Electric bulb and Multimeter.

Material Required: Thermister (DC95Y103W), preset resistor, LED Darlington Transistor

(BC-618).

Objective: Application of Thermister.

Procedure:

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Give heat to thermister through bulb and see the LED glowing.

Circuit Diagram

Figure 9

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the melodious sound from speaker when we switch
on the supply.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 10
Title: Realization of the Direction control for DC motor circuit.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply & multimeter.

Material Required: Resistor (10K, 2.2K-2 each), Diodes (IN4007-5), Transistor (BC 548)
and DC motor (12V).

Objective: Application of TRANSISTOR as switch.

Procedure:

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Turn on the switches S1 and S2 alternately.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 10

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the direction of rotation of motor as we turn on the
switches S1 and S2 alternately.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 11
Title: Plotting PN and Zener diode characteristics using PSpice.

Equipment Required: Orcad 14.2 Software.

Material Required: Laptop

Objective: Study of DIODES and use of Orcad.

Procedure: 1. PN Diode Characteristics

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram in ORCAD CAPTURE.
Use PSpice to obtain the i-v characteristic of the diode with model number
D1N4002. Sweep the input voltage from -15 V to 15 V.
When simulation is complete probe graphic window appears. Add the trace I
(D1). This is the trace of the diode current versus the supply voltage Vss. We
need to change the x-axis variable to V (Vd) to obtain the plot of diode current
versus diode voltage. To do this from the Plot pull-down menu select X Axis
Settings, click the Axis Variable button to open the variable list, and select V
(Vd) to be the horizontal axis.

Figure 11

2. Zener Diode Characteristics

Construct the above schematic and label the output node as Vout. Select the setup from
the analysis menu; click the DC Sweep dialog button. The DC sweep dialog box
appears. For the Sweep variable type select the voltage source, and set its name to V1.
Using the sweep type linear, set the starting value to 0, end value to 20 and increment
to 0.05.
When simulation is complete probe graphic window appears. From the Plot pull-down
menu select X Axis Settings, click the Axis Variable button to open the variable list,
and select V (Vout) to be the horizontal axis.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Figure 12

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the V-I Curves of PN and Zener diode in
PSPICE window.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all components from proper Library.

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Electronics Lab Manual: ECE150

Experiment: 12
Title: Realization of variable flasher on bread board.

Equipment Required: Wires, Multiple Power Supply & multimeter.

Material Required: IC NE 555, Resistor (470Ω, 10KΩ), Capacitor (10uF, 0.1uF) and LED
(Red, Green).

Objective: Application of TRANSISTOR as switch.

Procedure:
Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 13

Scope of result to be reported: Observe the direction of rotation of motor as we turn on the
switches S1 and S2 alternately.

Cautions:
Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminals of supply at any point in circuit.

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