15 PRESIDENT’S OF THE PHILIPPINES

Submitted by:

Denise Marjorie C. Burca

Student
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

January 20, 2015

Submitted to:

Tr. John Philip Ortega

A.P Teacher
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Emilio Famy Aguinaldo

Emilio Famy Aguinaldo  (22 March 1869 – 6 February 1964) is officially recognized as the First President
of the Philippines (1899-1901) and led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of
the Philippine Revolution (1896-1897), and then in the Spanish-American War (1898), and finally against
the United States during the Philippine-American War (1899-1901). He was captured by American forces
in 1901, which brought an end to his presidency.
In 1935 Aguinaldo ran unsuccessfully for president of the Philippine Commonwealth against Manuel
Quezon. After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941, he cooperated with the new rulers, even
making a radio appeal for the surrender of the American and Filipino forces on Bataan. He was arrested
as a collaborator after the Americans returned but was later freed in a general amnesty.
Philippine revolution
In 1894, Aguinaldo joined the "Katipunan", a secret organization led by Andrés Bonifacio, dedicated to
the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through armed force. Aguinaldo used
the nom de guerre Magdalo, in honor of Mary Magdalene. His local chapter of the Katipunan, headed by
his cousinBaldomero Aguinaldo, was also called Magdalo.
On 1 January 1895, Aguinaldo became a Freemason, joining Pilar Lodge No. 203, Imus, Cavite. He would
later say:
"The Successful Revolution of 1896 was masonically inspired, masonically led, and masonically
executed, and I venture to say that the first Philippine Republic of which I was its humble
President, was an achievement we owe largely, to Masonry and the Masons.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

` Manuel Luis M. Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) served as president of
the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government
of the Philippines (as opposed to other historical states), and is considered by most Filipinos to have
been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1901).
Quezon was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a
national election and the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended,
due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language".
During his presidency, Quezón tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. Other major
decisions include reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of recommendation for
government reorganization, promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, dealing with the
foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform, and opposing graft
and corruption within the government. He established an exiled government in the U.S. with the
outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion.
It was during his exile in the U.S. that he died of tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. He was buried
in the Arlington National Cemetery until the end of World War II, when his remains were moved
to Manila. His final resting place is the Quezon City Memorial Circle.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Jose Paciano Laurel y Garcia

José Paciano Laurel y García, PLH (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was the president of the Second
Philippine Republic, a Japanese puppet state when occupied during World War II, from 1943 to 1945.
Since the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been recognized as a
legitimate president of the Philippines.
The presidency of Laurel understandably remains one of the most controversial in Philippine history.
After the war, he would be denounced in some quarters as a war collaborator or even a traitor, although
his indictment for treason was superseded by President Roxas' Amnesty Proclamation.

 Pangulo noong panahon ng hapon

 Sumalubong sa mga hapon ng ideneklara opEn city ang manila.

 Tinawag na puppet government ang pamahalaan ni laurel, pagtatag muli ng pamahalaang

Commonwealth

 Hulyo 5,1945 lumaya ang pilipinassa pananakop ng hapon.

 Itinaguyod ni Pang. Osmena ang pamahalaan sa pamamagitan ng pagtatag ng

Gabinete council of State

Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Sergio Osmena,Sr

Sergio Osmeña, PLH, better known as Sergio Osmeña, Sr. (September 9, 1878 – October 19, 1961) was a
Filipino politician who served as the fourth President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice
President under Manuel L. Quezon, and succeeded as President upon Quezon's sudden death in 1944,
becoming the oldest officeholder at age 65. A founder of Nacionalista Party, he was also the
first Visayan to become President of the Philippines.
Prior to his accession in 1944, Osmeña served as Governor of Cebu from 1906 to 1907, Member and first
Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1907 to 1922, and Senator from the 10th
Senatorial District for thirteen years, in which capacity he served as Senate President pro tempore. In
1935, he was nominated to be the running-mate of Senate President Manuel L. Quezon for
the presidential election that year. The tandem was overwhelmingly re-elected in 1941.
He was patriarch of the prominent Osmeña family, which includes his son, former Senator Sergio
Osmeña, Jr., and his grandsons, senators Sergio Osmeña III and John Henry Osmeña), ex-governor Lito
Osmeña, and former Cebu City mayor Tomas Osmeña.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Manuel Acuna Roxas

Manuel Acuña Roxas (1 January 1892 – 15 April 1948) was the fifth President of the Philippines,
the last of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and the first of the sovereign Third Philippine
Republic. He ruled as President from the Philippines' independence from the United States of
America on 4 July 1946 until his abrupt death in 1948.
 Malayang kalakalan
 Pagtatag ng rehabilitation finance corporation / RFC
 Nagkaroon ng suliraninpang “katahimikan”dahil pabuo ang partido kumonista sa pangunguna ni
luis taro at jesus lava
 After the amendments to the 1935 Philippine Constitution were approved in 1941, he was
elected (1941) to the Philippine Senate, but was unable to serve until 1945 because of the
outbreak of World War II.
 Having enrolled prior to World War II as an officer in the reserves, he was made liaison officer
between the Commonwealth government and the United States Army Forces in the Far East
headquarters of General Douglas MacArthur. He accompanied President Quezon
to Corregidor where he supervised the destruction of Philippine currency to prevent its capture
by the Japanese. When Quezon left Corregidor, Roxas went to Mindanao to direct the resistance
there. It was prior to Quezon's departure that he was made Executive Secretary and designated
as successor to the presidency in case Quezon or Vice-President Sergio Osmeña were captured
or killed. Roxas was captured in 1942 by the Japanese invasion forces. Roxas became chief
advisor to Jose P. Laurel, but secretly sympathetic to the guerrilla movement, he passed
information via Ramona (Mona) Snyder to Edwin Ramsey.
 When the Congress of the Philippines was convened in 1945, the legislators elected in 1941
chose Roxas as Senate President.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Elpidio Rivera Quirino

A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative of Ilocos Sur from
1919 to 1925. He was then elected as senator from 1925–1931. In 1934, he became a member of the
Philippine independence commission that was sent to Washington, D.C., which secured the passage
of Tydings–McDuffie Act to American Congress. In 1935, he was also elected to become member of the
convention that will write the draft of then 1935 constitution for the newly established Commonwealth.
At the new government, he served as secretary of the interior and finance under Quezon's cabinet.
After the war, Quirino was elected vice-president in 1946 election, consequently the second and last for
the Commonwealth and first for the third republic. After the death of the incumbent president Manuel
Roxas in 1948, he succeeded the presidency. He won the president's office under Liberal Party ticket,
defeating Nacionalista vie and former president José P. Laurel as well as fellow Liberalista and
former Senate President José Avelino.
The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns and
barrios. Quirino ran for president again in the 1953 presidential election, but was defeated
by Nacionalista Ramon Magsaysay.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay

Ramón del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was the seventh President of
the Republic of the Philippines, serving from December 30, 1953 until his death in a 1957 aircraft
disaster. An automobile mechanic, Magsaysay was appointed military governor of Zambales
after his outstanding service as a guerilla leader during the Pacific War. He then served two
terms as Liberal Party congressman for Zambales before being appointed as Secretary of
National Defense by President Elpidio Quirino. He was elected President under the banner of
the Nacionalista Party. He was the first Philippine President born during the 20th century.

 Idolo ng masa

 Binuksan ang malacanang para sa taung bayan

 Napasuko ang lider ng huk noong 1954

 Nagtatag ng presidential complaints and action committee (PCAC) para mapalapit ang
pamahalaan sa taumbayan
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Carlos Polístico García

Carlos Polístico García, commonly known as Carlos P. García, (November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was a
Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist and guerrilla leader, who was
the eighth President of the Philippines.

García entered politics in 1925, scoring an impressive victory to become Representative of the Third
District of Bohol. He was elected for another term in 1928 and served until 1931. He was elected
Governor of Bohol in 1933, but served only until 1941 when he successfully ran for Senate, but he was
unable to serve due to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during the Second World War. He
assumed the office when Congress re-convened in 1945 after Allied liberation and the end of the war.
When he resumed duties as senator after the war, he was chosen Senate majority floor leader. [2] The
press consistently voted him as one of the most outstanding senators. Simultaneously, he occupied a
position in the Nacionalista Party.

Vice-President Carlos P. García (right) was inaugurated President upon Magsaysay's death at the Council
of State Room in the Executive Building of the Malacañan Palace complex. The oath of office was
administered by Chief Justice Ricardo Paras.

President García exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known. This policy heavily favored
Filipino businessmen over foreign investor. He was also responsible for changes in retail trade which
greatly affected the Chinese businessmen in the country. In the face of the trying conditions of the
country, President García initiated what has been called "The Austerity Program". His administration
was characterized by its austerity program and its insistence on a comprehensive nationalist policy. On
March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for complete economic freedom and added that the government
no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national
economy.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Diosdado Panagan Macapagal

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the
Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice-President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also
served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of
1970. He is the father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was the fourteenth President of the Philippines
from 2001 to 2010.
A native of Lubao, Pampanga, Macapagal graduated from the University of the Philippines and
University of Santo Tomas, after which he worked as a lawyer for the government. He first won election
in 1949 to the House of Representatives, representing a district in his home province of Pampanga. In
1957, he became Vice-President under the rule of President Carlos P. García, whom he defeated in
the 1961 polls.
As President, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine
economy. He introduced the country's first land reformlaw, placed the peso on the free currency
exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. Many of his reforms, however,
were crippled by a Congress dominated by the rival Nacionalista Party. He is also known for shifting the
country's observance of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, commemorating the day President
Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally declared the independence of the First Philippine Republic from the
Spanish Empire in 1898. He stood for re-election in 1965, and was defeated by Ferdinand Marcos, who
subsequently ruled for 21 years.
Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president of the Constitutional Convention which would later
draft what became the 1973 Constitution, though the manner in which the charter was ratified and
modified led him to later question its legitimacy. He died of heart failure, pneumonia, and renal
complications, in 1997, at the age of 86.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was
a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled
under martial law from 1972 until 1981. Public outrage led to the snap elections of 1986 and to the
making of People Power Revolution in February 1986.
Prior to the presidency, he served as a member of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to
1959 and of the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965, where he was Senate President from 1963 to
1965.
His wife was Imelda Marcos, who became famous in her own right, and who is still active in Philippine
politics along with two of his three children, Imee Marcos and Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.

Marcos declared martial law on September 22, 1972, by virtue of Proclamation № 1081 which he signed
on September 21, 1972, extending his rule beyond the constitutional two-term limit. He justified this by
exposing the threats of Communist and Muslim insurgencies. He would later tell historians that he
signed Proclamation No. 1081 as early as September 17. Ruling by decree, he curtailed press freedom
and other civil liberties, closed down Congress and media establishments, and ordered the arrest of
opposition leaders and militant activists, including senators Benigno Aquino, Jr., Jovito Salonga and Jose
Diokno. Marcos claimed that martial law was the prelude to creating his Bagong Lipunan, a "New
Society" based on new social and political values.

Marcos had a vision of a Bagong Lipunan (New Society) similar to Indonesian president Suharto's "New
Order administration". He used the years of martial law to implement this vision. According to Marcos'
book Notes on the New Society, it was a movement urging the poor and the privileged to work as one for
the common goals of society and to achieve the liberation of the Filipino people through self-realization.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

During his martial law regime, Marcos confiscated and appropriated by force and duress many
businesses and institutions, both private and public, and redistributed them to his own family members
and close personal friends. These relatives and associates of Marcos then used these as fronts to
launder proceeds from institutionalized graft and corruption in the different national governmental
agencies as "crony capitalism" for personal benefit. Graft and corruption via bribery, racketeering, and
embezzlement became more prevalent during this era. Marcos also silenced the free press, making the
state press the only legal one.

Marcos and his close Rolex 12 associates like Juan Ponce Enrile used their powers to settle scores
against old rivals such as the Lopezes who were always opposed to the Marcos administration. Leading
opponents such as Senators Benigno Aquino, Jr., Jose Diokno, Jovito Salonga and many others were
imprisoned for months or years. This practice considerably alienated the support of the old social and
economic elite and the media, who criticized the Marcos administration endlessly. [38]

Between 1972 and 1976, Marcos increased the size of the Philippine military from 65,000 to 270,000
personnel.[36] Military officers were placed on the boards of a variety of media corporations, public
utilities, development projects, and other private corporations. At the same time, Marcos made efforts
to foster the growth of a domestic weapons manufacturing industry and heavily increased military
spending.[39]

The Marcos regime instituted a mandatory youth organization, known as the Kabataang Barangay,
which was led by Marcos' eldest daughter Imee. Presidential Decree 684, enacted in April 1975, required
that all youths aged 15 to 18 be sent to remote rural camps and do volunteer work. [42][43]

Along with Marcos, members of his Rolex 12 circle like Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, Chief of Staff
of the Philippine Constabulary Fidel Ramos, and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Fabian Ver were the chief administrators of martial law from 1972 to 1981, and the three remained
President Marcos' closest advisers until he was ousted in 1986. Enrile and Ramos would later abandon
Marcos' 'sinking ship' and seek protection behind the 1986 People Power Revolution. The Catholic
hierarchy and Manila's middle class were crucial to the success of the massive crusade.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino 

Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a
Philippine politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines, the first woman to hold that
office, and the first female president in Asia, though not the first female Asian head of state. Aquino was
the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled the 20-
year authoritarian rule of President Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy to the Philippines. She
was named Time magazine's "Woman of the Year" in 1986. She had not held any other elective office.
A self-proclaimed "plain housewife", she was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., the staunchest
critic of President Marcos. She emerged as leader of the opposition after her husband was
assassinated on August 21, 1983 upon returning to the Philippines from exile in the United States. In late
1985, Marcos called for snap elections, and Aquino ran for president with former senatorSalvador
Laurel as her Vice-President. After the elections were held on February 7, 1986, the Batasang
Pambansa proclaimed Marcos and his running mate, Arturo Tolentino, as the winners amidst allegations
of electoral fraud, with Aquino calling for massive civil disobedience actions. Defections from the Armed
Forces and the support of the local Catholic Church led to the People Power Revolution that ousted
Marcos and secured Aquino's accession on February 25, 1986.
As President, Aquino oversaw the promulgation of the 1987 Constitution, which limited the powers of
the Presidency and re-established the bicameralCongress. Her administration gave strong emphasis and
concern for civil liberties and human rights, and on peace talks to resolve the ongoingCommunist
insurgency and Islamist secession movements. Her economic policies centred on restoring economic
health and confidence and focused on creating a market-oriented and socially responsible economy.
Aquino faced several coup attempts against her government and various natural calamities until the end
of her term in 1992. She was succeeded as President by Fidel V. Ramos, and returned to civilian life
while remaining public about her opinions on political issues.
In 2008, Aquino was diagnosed with colon cancer from which she died on August 1, 2009. Her
son, Benigno Aquino III, has been President of the Philippines since June 30, 2010. Throughout her life,
Aquino was known to be a devout Roman Catholic, and was fluent in French and English besides her
native Tagalog and Kapampangan.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

The triumph of the peaceful People Power Revolution and the ascension of Corazon Aquino into power
signaled the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines and the dawning of a new era for Filipinos. The
relatively peaceful manner by which Aquino came into power drew international acclaim and admiration
not only for her but for the Filipino people, as well. During the first months of Aquino's presidency, the
country experienced radical changes and sweeping democratic reforms. One of Aquino's first moves was
the creation of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked to go after
the Marcos ill-gotten wealth. Aquino, being a revolutionary president by virtue of people power,
abolished the 1973 "Marcos Constitution" and dissolved the Marcos allies-dominated Batasang
Pambansa, despite the advice of her vice-president and only prime minister Salvador Laurel. She also
immediately created a Constitutional Commission, which she directed for the drafting of a new
constitution for the nation.

Immediately after assuming the presidency, President Aquino issued Proclamation № 3, which
established a revolutionary government. She abolished the 1973 Constitution that was in force during
Martial Law, and by decree issued the provisional 1986 Freedom Constitution pending the ratification of
a more formal, comprehensive charter. This allowed her to exercise both executive and legislative
powers until the ratification of the 1987 Constitution and the restoration of Congress in 1987.

Aquino promulgated two landmark legal codes, namely, the Family Code of 1987, which reformed the
civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code of 1987, which reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government. Another landmark law that was enacted during her tenure was the
1991 Local Government Code, which devolved national government powers to local government units
(LGUs). The new Code enhanced the power of LGUs to enact local taxation measures and assured them
of a share in the national revenue. Aquino closed down the Marcos-dominated Batasang Pambansa to
prevent the new Marcos loyalist opposition from undermining her democratic reforms and reorganized
the membership of the Supreme Court to restore its independence.

In May 1986, the reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as "not merely a de facto
government but in fact and law a de jure government", whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the
community of nations.[12] This Supreme Court decision affirmed the status of Aquino as the rightful
leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing
of a new charter, she appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission ("Con-Com"), led
by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. The Con-Com completed its
final draft in October 1986.[13] On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which put
strong emphasis on civil liberties, human rights and social justice, was overwhelmingly approved by the
Filipino people. The ratification of the new Constitution was followed by the election of senators and
congress that same year and the holding of local elections in 1988.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Fidel Valdez Ramos

Fidel Valdez Ramos AFP PLH GCMG (born March 18, 1928), popularly known as FVR and Eddie, was
the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely
credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine
economy.

Prior to his election as President, Ramos served in the Cabinet of President Corazón Aquino, first as
chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), chief of Integrated National Police, and later
on, as Secretary of National Defense from 1986 to 1991.

During the historic 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, Ramos was hailed as a hero by many Filipinos
for his decision to breakaway from the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos and pledge
allegiance and loyalty to the newly established government of President Aquino.

Under Ramos, the Philippines experienced a period of political stability and rapid economic growth and
expansion, as a result of his policies and programs designed to foster national reconciliation and unity.
Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslim separatists, communist insurgents and
military rebels, which renewed investor confidence in the Philippine economy. Ramos also aggressively
pushed for the deregulation of the nation's major industries and the privatization of bad government
assets. As a result of his hands-on approach to the economy, the Philippines was dubbed by various
internationally as Asia's Next Economic Tiger.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Joseph Estrada

Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada (born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician who
was the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001. He has been Mayor of the City of Manila,
the country's capital, since 2013.[1] Estrada was the first person in the present Fifth Republican period to
be elected both President and Vice-President.
Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career
spanning some three decades. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as
mayor of San Juan for 16 years, as Senator for one term, then as Vice-President under President Fidel V.
Ramos.

Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other
challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000 he declared an "all-out-war"
against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps. However,
allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001 Estrada was ousted
by "People Power 2" after the prosecution walked out of the impeachment court when the Senator-
Judges voted "no" in the opening of the second envelope. The EDSA 2 protests resulted from the
concerted efforts of political, business, military, and church elites who were displeased by Estrada's
policies that included removal of sovereign guarantees on government contracts.

In 2007, Estrada was sentenced by the special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusión perpetua for
the plunder of stealing $80 million from the government and was sentenced a lifetime in prison, but was
later granted pardon by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He ran for president again in the 2010
presidential election, but placed second behind Senator Benigno Aquino III.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947) is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of

the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and
as member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga since 2010. She
was the country's second female president (after Corazon Aquino), and the daughter of former
President Diosdado Macapagal. Arroyo is also the first duly elected female Vice President of the
Philippines.[2]
She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department
of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from
1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidencyunder President Joseph Estrada, despite having run
on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position
asSecretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who
faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by the EDSA Revolution of 2001, and Arroyo
was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20, 2001. She was elected
to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine elections, and was sworn in
on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency she was elected to the House of Representatives, making her
the second Philippine president—after Jose P. Laurel—to pursue a lower office after their presidency.
On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested following the filing of criminal charges against her for
electoral fraud. She was held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of
electoral sabotage. but released on bail in July 2012. She was re-arrested while in hospital on charges of
misuse of $8.8 million in state lottery funds in October 2012.
Denise Marjorie C. Burca
Grade V – Gregoria Montoya

Benigno Aquino III

Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III  born February 8, 1960, also known as Noynoy Aquino or Pinoy,
is a Filipino politician who has been the 15th President of the Philippines since June 2010.
Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather, Servillano "Mianong" Aquino, served as
a delegate to the Malolos Congress; his grandfather, Benigno Aquino, Sr., served as Speaker of the
House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1943 to 1944; and his parents were President Corazon
Aquino and Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the Liberal Party.[8] In the Liberal
Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President for Luzon. Aquino is
the Chairman of the Liberal Party.[9]
Born in Manila, Aquino finished his Bachelor of Arts (major in Economics) from Ateneo de Manila
University in 1981 and joined his family in their exile in the United States shortly thereafter. He returned
to the Philippines in 1983 shortly after the assassination of his father and held several positions working
in the private sector. In 1998, he was elected to the House of Representatives as Representative of the
2nd district of Tarlac province. He was subsequently re-elected to the House in 2001 and 2004. [4] In
2007, having been barred from running for re-election to the House due to term limits, he was elected
to the Senate in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.[4]
Following the death of his mother on August 1, 2009, many people began calling on Aquino to run for
president.[4] On September 9, 2009, Aquino officially announced he would be a candidate in the 2010
presidential election, held on May 10, 2010.[4] On June 9, 2010, the Congress of the
Philippines proclaimed Aquino the winner of the 2010 presidential election.[4] On June 30, 2010, at the
Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park, Manila,[4][10] Aquino was sworn into office as the fifteenth President of
the Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, by Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the
Philippines Conchita Carpio-Morales.[4]
Although the official residence of the President is the Malacañang Palace, Aquino actually resides in
the Bahay Pangarap (House of Dreams), located within the Palace grounds.