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Classical Dynamics PDF

This document summarizes key concepts from Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity including: 1) It defines a frame of reference as a set of coordinates used to determine positions and velocities of objects, distinguishing between inertial and non-inertial frames. 2) It explains that an event is something that occurs at a point in space and time, like the motion or collision of particles. 3) It outlines the Galilean Transformation, which relates the coordinates and time between two inertial frames moving at constant velocity, showing that length is invariant under this transformation.

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Yogesh Kataria
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25 views

Classical Dynamics PDF

This document summarizes key concepts from Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity including: 1) It defines a frame of reference as a set of coordinates used to determine positions and velocities of objects, distinguishing between inertial and non-inertial frames. 2) It explains that an event is something that occurs at a point in space and time, like the motion or collision of particles. 3) It outlines the Galilean Transformation, which relates the coordinates and time between two inertial frames moving at constant velocity, showing that length is invariant under this transformation.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Kataria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Special Theory of Relativity

(Einstein, 1905)
For B.Sc (H) Physics Students

Dr. Arvind Kumar


Department of Physics
Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi
Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021(India)
Email: [email protected]
Mob:+91-8826668810
These slides cover only concept of Frame of
Reference and Galilean Transformation
Note:
If anyone have any query and doubt contact me on my mail id or phone number. I will provide
you all 4-5 slides per day regarding these course for your better understanding.
Reference Book: Classical Mechanics (J.C. Upadhyaya)
Introduction to Special Relativity (Robert Resnick)
Frame of Reference:
A frame of reference is a set of coordinates that can be used to determine positions and velocities of objects in that frame. There
are two types of frames.

(I) Inertial Frame of Reference (Follow law of Inertia, not accelerating relative to each other)

(II) Non-Inertial Frame of Reference (Accelerating, rotating frame of reference etc.)

???Read Different Co-ordinate systems and their conversion ….

(Such as Spherical, cylindrical, etc

Event:
An event is something that occurs at a localized region in space over a localized interval in time, or, in an idealized limit, at a point
in space at an instant in time. Thus, the motion of a particle through space could be thought of as a continous series of events,
while the collision of two particles would be an isolated event, and so on.

Newton’s Law of Motion: (Do Yourself)

Q. Prove that all those frame of reference moving with constant velocity realtive to an inertial frame, are also
inertial.

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The Galilean Transformation

To derive these transformation equations, consider an inertial frame of reference S and a second reference frame S’
moving with a velocity vx relative to S .

At ant time position vectors of a particle in the two frames are related by the equation
r’= r – vt
In the component form, the co ordinates are related by the equation
X’ = x – vt; y’=y; z’=z
These are referred as Galilean transformation.

x=x’-vt’; y=y’; z=z’; t=t’ are known as inverse Galilean Transformation.

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Q.2 Show that length or distance between two points is invariant under Galilean Transformation?

Differentiating above equation with respect to time we get,

So, Galilean transformations are based on two assumptions;


(I) There exists a universal time t which is the same in all reference system.
(II) The distance between two points in various inertial systems is the same.

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