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1. Which of the following conditions will affect the rate and the extent a liquid
penetrant will enter cracks, fissures, and other small openings?
a. The hardness of the specimen being tested
b. The surface condition of the specimen being tested
c. The color of the penetrant
d. The conductivity of the specimen being tested

2. Which of the following is a commonly used classification for penetrant?

a. Post emulsifiable penetrate
b. Nonferrous penetrant
c. Chemical etch penetrant
d. Nonaqueous penetrate

3. A generally accepted method for removing excess nonwater-washable

penetrant is:
a. repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner
b. soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water
c. blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with
compressed air
d. wiping and cautiously the test specimen with a cleaner dampened
cloth

4. Which of the following parts could not be tested by the liquid penetrant test
method?
a. An iron casting
b. An aluminum forging
c. A part made from a porous material
d. A part made from a non-porous material

5. Which of the following discontinuities can be found by the penetrant test

method?
a. A surface crack
b. A subsurface crack
c. An internal inclusion
d. None of the above

6. Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for cleaning
parts prior to penetrant testing?
a. Sand blasting
b. Wire brushing
c. Grinding
d. Vapor degreasing

7. Which of the following is not generally accepted method for cleaning parts
prior to penetrant testing?
a. Vapor degreasing
b. Liquid solvent
c. Wire brushing
d. Alkaline cleaner
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8. Cutting oils may be effectively removed from parts before penetrant testing
by:
a. pre-heating
b. vapor degreasing
c. washing with water
d. all of the above

9. The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid is:

a. metal filings
b. oil
c. detergents (from cleaning)
d. water

10. Black light with a proper functioning filter in place used for fluorescent
penetrant inspection can cause permanent damage to:
a. human tissues
b. human eyes
c. human blood cells
d. none of the above

11. Which of the following is not a basic inspection principle that applies to all
penetrant methods?
a. The penetrant must enter the discontinuity in order to form an
indication
b. Indications glow when illuminated with a black light
c. A longer penetration time is required for smaller discontinuities
d. If the penetrant is washed out of the discontinuity an indication will not
be formed by that discontinuity

12. Subsurface discontinuities can be best detected by:

a. the post emulsification penetrant method
b. the visible dye penetrate method
c. the fluorescent, water-washable penetrant method
d. none of the above will detect subsurface discontinuities

13. Visible penetrant may be applied by:

a. brushing
b. spraying
c. dipping
d. all of the above

14. The first step in conducting a liquid penetrating test on a surface that has
been painted is to:
a. carefully apply the penetrate over the surface
b. completely remove the paint
c. thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent
d. wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint

15. When using a post emulsification penetrant, it is necessary to apply the

emulsifier:
a. before applying the penetrant
b. after the water wash operation
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c. after the dwell time has elapsed
d. after the development time has elapsed

16. When conducting a water washable liquid penetrant test he wet developer is
applied
a. immediately after the penetrant has been applied
b. immediately before the penetrant has been applied
c. after removal of the penetrant
d. before removal of the penetrant

17. The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up
the penetrant in a discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleed out of the
liquid penetrant for increased and sensitivity, is known as:
a. Blotting
b. Capillary action
c. Concentration
d. Attraction

18. A black light lamp should not be used with a cracked filter or without the filter
in place because of the harmful effects to the human eyes caused by the
lamp’s emission of:
a. black light
b. ultraviolet light
c. infrared light
d. none of the above

19. The term used to define the period of time in which the test part is covered
with penetrant is:
a. waiting time
b. soak time (drain time)
c. penetration time (dwell time)
d. bleed-in-time

20. Usually, the most desirable method of removing excess water washable
penetrant after the dwell time is by:
a. a low pressure coarse water spray
b. water and brush
c. a solid stream of water
d. water and clean rags

21. When conducting a liquid penetrant test using a post emulsifiable visible dye
penetrant, the generally accepted method for applying the wet developer is
by:
a. brushing
b. swabbing
c. dipping
d. spraying

22. Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies penetrant testing?
a. This method can accurately measure the depth of a crack or
discontinuity
b. This method can be used for on site testing of large parts
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c. This method can be used to find shallow surface discontinuities
d. This method can be made more or less sensitive by using different
penetrant materials

23. Which of the following discontinuities is most likely to be missed due to

improper rinse techniques?
a. Forging lap
b. Deep pitting
c. Shallow and broad discontinuities
d. The rinse technique will not affect the detection of discontinuities

24. When conducting a fluorescent penetrate test, a commonly used technique

for assuring that the excess penetrant has been removed prior to the
application of a developer is to:
a. blow compressed air over the surface
b. chemically etch the surface
c. blot the surface with absorbent paper
d. scan the surface with a black light

25. Which of the following surface conditions could have a detrimental effect on a
liquid penetrant test?
a. A wet surface
b. A rough weld
c. An only surface
d. All of the above could have a detrimental effect

26. Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting:

a. inter granular discontinuities
b. discontinuities open to the surface
c. subsurface discontinuities
d. all of the above

27. Black light equipment is required when penetrant testing by the:

a. fluorescent penetrant method
b. visible dye penetrant method
c. non-fluorescent penetrant method
d. all of the above

28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small
opening such as cracks or fissures is:
a. saturation
b. capillary action
c. blotting
d. wetting agent

29. Excess penetrant tall penetrate except that which is in discontinuity is

removed from the specimen:
a. after the required penetrant dwell time has elapsed
b. before the application of an emulsifier if post emulsifier penetrant is
sued
c. by means of a steam cleaner
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d. only when water washable penetrants are used

30. When using a past emulisfiable penetrant, the emulsfier time should be ;
a. as long as the penetrant dwell time
b. one half the penetrant dwell time
c. the same as the developer time
d. only as long as necessary to effect removal of interfering background

31.When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he should become adjusted

to the dark before inspecting. The generally accepted period for becoming
accustomed to the dark is:
e. one minute
f. five to ten minutes
g. ten to fifteen minutes
h. no waiting period is necessary

32. When applying penetrant by dipping, heating the penetrate prior to dipping:
a. will increase the sensitivity of the test
b. will increase the capillary action of the penetrate
c. will increase the stability of the penetrant
d. is not generally recommended

33. A penetrant inspection cannot find:

a. surface porosity
b. surface cracks
c. an internal cavity
d. a surface forging lap

34. Which of the following materials cannot be tested by the

usual liquid penetrant tests?
a. Unglazed porous ceramie
b. Titanium
c. High alloy steel
d. Cast iron
35. Liquid penetrant testing can be used to detect:
a. discontinuities 1 16 below the surface
b. internal discontinuity
c. discontinuity open to the surface
d. all discontinuity

36. Which of the following are commonly accepted method for

applying penetrant?
a. Dipping the part in penetrant (dipping)
b. Pouring the penetrant over the test specimen (floating)
c. Spraying the penetrant on the test specimen (spraying)
d. All of the above

37. Which of the following is not a requirement for a cleaning

solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen prior to penetrant
testing?
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a. The cleaner must be capable of dissolving oils and greases
commonly found on the surface
b. The cleaner must not be flammable
c. The cleaner must be free of containments
d. The cleaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface

38. Which of the statements below best states the danger of

sandblasting without subsequent chemical etching for cleaning surfaces to be
penetrant tested?
a. The discontinuities may be peened over and closed
b. Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities
c. The sand used in the san blasting operation may be forced into
the discontinuity
d. The sand blasting operation may introduce discontinuities

39. The penetrant applied to the surface of a test specimen:

a. seeps into discontinuities
b. is absorbed by discontinuities
c. is drawn into discontinuity by capilliars action
d. is drawn into discontinuities by gravity

40. Which of the following statements concerning a liquid

penetrant testing is correct?
a. Fluorescent penetrants will produce red against white discontinuity
indications
b. Non fluorescent penetrants require the use of black light
c. Fluorescent indications will be seen when exposed to black light
d. Nonfluorescent discontinuities glow in the dark for easy viewing
and interpretation

41. When removing excess penetrant from the surface of a

test specimen:
a. the penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant
form discontinuities
b. sufficient excess penetrant must be removed to eliminate an
interfering background
c. the use of a solvent-dampened cloth is a common method of
penetrant removal
d. all of the above

42. The most widely accepted method for removing excessive water washable
penetrant from the surface of a test specimen is:
a. by means of a wet rag
b. by means of a water spray rinse
c. by washing the part directly under water running from a tap
d. by immersing the part in water

43. The inspection of a test specimen for discontinuities should

take place:
a. immediately after the developer has been applied
b. any time after the developer has been applied
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c. after the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper
development time
d. immediately after the rinse operation

44. Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over

fluorescent penetrant?
a. Visible dye penetrants do not require black light
b. Visible dye penetrants are more sensitive than fluorescent
penetrants
c. Visible dye penetrants are superior in penetrating characteristics
d. Visible dye penetrants are not toxic while fluorescent penetrants
are toxic

45. The terms “dry”, “aqueous wet”,and “nonaqueous wet” are used to describe
three different types of:
a. emulsifiers
b. cleaners
c. developers
d. penetrants

46. Which of the following is a true statement concerning the application of a

standard temperature penetrant to a test specimen while the specimen is hot?
a. The penetrant is likely to become entrapped in the specimen as it
cools
b. The test will be less sensitive than when the penetrant is applied
on a cool specimen
c. There is no difference in applying penetrant to a heated specimen
and a cool specimen
d. The penetrant may be heated to the point where some of the
penetrant’s constituents are driven off, causing volatile fumes and
leaving a residue on the surface

47.Which of the following is not a generally accepted method for applying

penetrants?
a. Rubbing the penetrant over the surface
b. Brushing the penetrant on the part
c. Spraying the penetrant on the part
d. Dipping the part in the penetrant

48. Which of the following is the most commonly used method for removing non-
water washable visible dye penetrant from the surface of a test specimen?
a. Dipping in a solvent
b. Spraying
c. Hand wiping
d. Blowing

49. Which of the following is an acceptable method for applying wet developers?
a. Application with a soft brush
b. Application with a hand powder bulb
c. Rubbing with a saturated cloth
d. Spraying or dipping
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50. When using solvent removable penetrants, the excess penetrant may be
removed by:
a. dipping the part in solvent
b. spraying the part with water and a solvent
c. rubbing the part with a wet rag
d. wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been dampened with
solvent

51. When conducting a penetrant test, which of the following bealth precautions
is not applicable?
a. Keep the work area clean
b. Wash any penetrant from skin with soap and water as soon as
possible
c. Keep penetrant off cloth
d. Wash any excess penetrant from skin using gasoline

52. Which of the following surface contaminants cannot be removed by cleaning

parts in a vapor degrease?
a. Grease
b. Rust
c. Heavy oil
d. Soluble oil

53. Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, it is important to ensure of the part
is free of:
a. oil or grease
b. acids or chromates
c. trace of water
d. all of the above

54. When performing a penetrant test using a post emulsification penetrate which
of the following is the most critical with respect to proper timing?
a. Dwell time
b. Developing time
c. Emulsification time
d. Drying time

55. Which of the following is the mostly likely result of an excessive emulsification
time when penetrant testing with post emulsification penetrants?
a. A large number of non-relevant indications could appear on the
part
b. Shallow discontinuity indications could be lost
c. Excess penetrant could remain after the wash operation
d. The emulsifier could harden, preventing the developer from
blotting the penetrant in discontinuities

56. Which of the following is not a function of developers used in penetrant

testing?
a. To blot penetrant from discontinuities
b. To aid in providing an image of a discontinuity
c. To add fluorescence to penetrants
d. To help controls bleed out
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57. Which of the following is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing?
a. Penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material.
b. Penetrant testing cannot locate shallow surface discontinuities.
c. Penetrant testing cannot be on non-metallic surfaces
d. Penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities

58. In penetrant testing, the time period from developer

application
a. emulsification time
b. development time
c. dwell time
d. none of the above

59. Liquid penetrabt testing is a nondestructive test which can

be used for:
a. locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities in a test
specimen
b. locating and determining the length, width, and depth of
discontinuities in a test specimen
c. determining the tensile strength of a test specimen
d. locating discontinuities open to the surface

60. When conducting a penetrant test using fluorescent

penetrant, black light equipment is required to:
a. cause the penetrant to fluorescene
b. and the normal capillary action characteristics of penetrant
c. neutralize excess penetrant on the surface
d. decrease the surface tension of the part

61. The method used to remove excess visible dye penetrant

form a test specimen is primarily determined by the:
a. surface roughness of the specimen
b. type of material being tested
c. length of penetration time
d. all of the above

62. Which of the following is type of developer used in

penetrant inspection?
a. Dry
b. Aqueous particulate
c. Non-aqueous particulate
d. Water soluble
e. All of the above

63. When penetrant testing parts, the temperature of the parts

should be near room temperature. If the part is at a low temperature when
tested:
a. the penetrant may become viscous
b. the penetrant may evaporate very rapidly
c. the color intensity of the penetrant will decrease
d. the penetrant will tend to adhere to the surface of the part.
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64. If a part to be penetrant testing parts, the temperature of

the parts should be near room temperature. If the part is at a low temperature
when tested:
a. the penetrant may become viscous
b. the penetrant may “flash or evaporate very rapidly
c. the penetrant may lose some of its color brilliance
d. the penetrant will better show discontinuities

65. Penetrant may be classified or subdivided by the method

used to remove excess penetrant. Which of the following is a proper
classification in accordance with this statement?
a. Non solvent removable
b. Vapor degreased
c. Brush removable
d. Water washable

66. The problem with retesting a test specimen, which has

been previously tested using liquid penetrant is that:
a. the penetrant may form beads on the surface
b. the dried penetrant residue left in discontinuities may not readily
dissolve and the retest may be misleading
c. the penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance
d. none of the above are correct statements

67. Which of the following conditions will decrease the life of a

black light bulb?
a. Line voltage fluctuations
b. Dust on the face of the bulb
c. Changes in room temperature
d. All of the above

68. When a penetrant is applied to a part by submerging the

part in a penetrant bath:
a. the part must remain in the penetrant bath during the entire
penetration time
b. the part must remain in the penetrant bath for at least one-half the
penetration time
c. the part must remain in the penetrant bath only long enough to
ensure the surface is covered with penetrant
d. the part must not remain in the penetrant bath for a period in
excess of five minutes

69. Which of the following statements do not apply to

developers used during penetrant testing?
a. Developers are normally highly fluorescent
b. Developers often furnish a contrasting background during
inspection
c. Developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in
discontinuities after the rinse operation has been completed
d. Developers may be either wet or dry
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70. Which of the following statement is true?
a. Sandblasting is a generally accepted method for cleaning a
surface that is to be penetrate testing.
b. Parts should be heated prior to the application of a penetrant
c. If the dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of
the penetrant
d. Development time should be at least twice the penetration time

71. When using a wet developer:

a. a thick layer of developer is better than a than layer for showing
very fine cracks
b. compressed air should be used to remove excess developer
c. a black developer will show better contrast than will a white
developer
d. a thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing
very fine cracks

72. Which of the following statements is not true?

a. Sandblasting is not a recommended method for preparing for a
penetrant test
b. It is not necessary to remove a film of oil from a part prior to
penetrant because the penetrant is basically an oil
c. Vapor degreasing is a very good method for removing oil from the
surface of the part to be penetrant tested
d. A voltage regulator should be used with a black light if the line
voltage fluctuates

73. A red against white background discontinuity image is

most likely to be seen when:
a. dry developers are used
b. visible dye penetrants are used
c. fluorescent post emulisfication penetrants are used
d. wet developers are used

74. Which of the following can be removed from the surface of

a test specimen by vapor degreasing?
a. Oil
b. Plant
c. Phosphate coatings
d. Oxides

75. The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is

to:
a. promote penetration of the penetrant
b. absorb emulsifier residues
c. absorb penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting
background
d. contribute to drying the surface for better observation

76. Which one of the following statements is an incorrect use

of crack panels (blocks)?
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a. To establish a standard size of a crack which can be reproduced
as needed
b. To determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants
c. To determine if a penetrant has lost or has reduced brilliance on
fluorescent penetrants because of contamination
d. To determine the degree or method of cleaning necessary to
remove penetrant on the surface without removing it from the
cracks

77. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most

important precaution when using water washable penetrants?
a. Be sure that the part is washed thoroughly during the rinse
operation
b. Be sure the recommended dwell time is not exceeded
c. Avoid over rinsing the part
d. Avoid over-application of emulsifier

78. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most

important precaution when using solvent removable penetrants?
a. Do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier
b. Do not apply an excessive amount of solvent
c. Do not use an insufficient rinse pressure
d. Be sure to use a black light to determine if the excess penetrant
has been rinsed away.

79. Insufficient rising of fluorescent penetrants will result in:

a. subsequent corrosion of the surface
b. difficulty in the application of developer
c. excessive bleed-out
d. excessive background fluorescence

80. Which of the following is not a safety precaution that

applies when handling penetrant materials?
a. Prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be availed
because the oil or solvent base may cause skin irritation
b. Excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled
c. Air line respirations and complete protective clothing must be worn
at all times
d. Because the solvents used with the visible penetrant process are
flammable, this material should be kept away from open flames

81. How long must a part be kept wet with penetrant before
the removal process is started?
a. It varies depending on the type of penetrant used, the type of
material to be tested, the sensitivity desired and the type of
discontinuities to be detected
b. Since the penetrant will penetrant a discontinuity of any size in a
matter of seconds, the removal process should start as soon as
possible after the penetrant has been applied
c. 3 minutes
d. 10 minutes
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82. Which of the following factors will affect resolution of
penetrant indications?
a. The sensitivity of the penetrant materials used
b. The surface condition of the part
c. The temperature of the part and or/penetrant
d. All of the above

83. A serious loss of water in a wet developer mix or an

excessive over concentration of developer powder can cause:
a. a loss of fluorescence during the inspection operation
b. non-relevant indications
c. cracking of developer coating during the dry
d. none of the above

84. Why it is not advisable to look directly into a black light?

a. It will cause permanent damage to the eyes
b. It will possibly cloud the vision of the person looking into the light
for a short period of time
c. It will cause temporary total blindness
d. None of the above

85. When using dry developer, the drying operation is

performed:
a. immediately after removal of excess penetrant
b. before the inspection step
c. thoroughly
d. all of the above

86. The failure to completely remove acid materials from a

part before fluorescent penetrant is applied will result in:
a. a decrease in the fluorescence of the penetrant
b. a need to double the penetrating time
c. a permanent stain on the part
d. all of the above

87. Penetrant is applied to a part by dipping. The part is then

placed on a rack while the penetrant seeps into discontinuities. If the
penetration time is too long, it will be difficult to rinse the penetrant from the
part. If this happens, the normal rinsing properties can be restored by:
a. chilling the part to a temperature of 40° F
b. heating the part to a temperature of 130°F
c. redipping the part
d. applying a wet developer before attempting to rinse the part

88. When drying parts during a penetrant test:

a. the parts are normally dried at room temperature
b. the parts are normally dried by a circulating hot-air dryer
c. the parts should be dried in an oven set at a temperature of 500°F
d. the parts should be dried by cool forced air

89. The contamination of a water-washable penetrant with an

excessive amount of water will:
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a. reduce the penetrating quality of the penetrant
b. adversely affect the wash-ability of the penetrant
c. both a and b are correct answers
d. neither a nor b are correct answers

90. Which of the following penetrant methods does not

normally require a source of electricity to properly conduct a test?
a. Water washable fluorescent penetrant method
b. Post emulsification fluorescent penetrant method
c. Visible dye penetrant method
d. None of the above require a source of electricity
91. When using a fluorescent penetrant the actual inspection
must be performed:
a. in a brightly lighted room
b. with the part at a temperature between 125°F and 175°F
c. immediately after the developer has been applied
d. in a darkened area under a black light

92. When using a fluorescent penetrants can be used when

inspection must take place under ordinary lighting conditions?
a. Visible dye penetrant
b. Water washable fluorescent penetrant
c. Post emulsification fluorescent penetrant
d. Any of the above

93. On which of the following materials would a liquid

penetrant test method not be effective?
a. Aluminum
b. Unglazed creamies
c. Glass
d. Magnesium

94. Which of the following is not an advantage of the liquid

penetrate test method?
a. The liquid penetrant test method is adaptable to production
inspection of small parts
b. Liquid penetrant testing can locate fine cracks
c. The liquid penetrant test method is a relatively simple test method
d. The liquid penetrant test method is effective at any temperature

95. A good penetrant must do all of the following, except:

a. be able to readily penetrate very fine openings
b. evaporate very rapidly
c. be able to remain in relatively coarse openings
d. be easily removed from the surface after testing

96. Which of the following is not a proper of a developer used

in liquid penetrant dye testing?
a. The material must be absorption
b. The material must be form a thin and uniform coating over a
surface
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c. The material must be fluorescent if used with fluorescent
penetrants
d. The material must not contain ingredients harmful or toxic to the
operator

97. Developers improperly used:

a. may obscure indications
b. may be difficult to remove
c. may become contaminated
d. all of the above

98. Color contrast penetrant are commercially available in

which of the following variations?
a. Normal solvent clean type
b. Water-wash type
c. Post emulsification type
d. All of the above

99. Which of the following could be a source of false

indications on a test specimen?
a. Penetrant on the test table
b. Penetrant on the hands of the inspector
c. Contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant
d. All of the above

100. Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant inspection is:

a. not required
b. important because if the part is not clean, the developer cannot be
improperly applied
c. essential because surface contaminants may prevent penetrant
from gaining access to discontinuities
d. required to eliminate possibility of showing non-relevant indications

101. When using fluorescent water-washable penetrant,

adequate rinsing of the part of assured by:
a. timing of rinse cyle
b. scrubbing of part surface
c. rinsing under black light
d. using high pressure air with water

102. A part processed by visible dye penetrant inspection

should not normally be processed by fluorescent penetrant because:
a. developer may remain on the surface causing background
b. most visible dyes kill fluorescence
c. penetrants are not compatible
d. interpretation will be difficult

103. A suitable filter must be used at all times over a black light
bulb because:
a. too much white light will be present if the filter is not place
b. the human eye may be damaged without it
c. the filter filters out undesired wave lengths
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d. all of the above

104. A good commercial penetrant should have a:

a. low flash point
b. high flash point
c. medium flash point
d. flash point is not a factor to be considered

105. A material, which applied over the film of the penetrant on

the surface of a part, mixes with the penetrant, and enables it to be washed
off the surface is:
a. an emulsifier
b. a penetrant
c. a developer
d. an isomer

106. The time allowed for the penetrant to enter discontinuities

which may be present is the:
a. emulsification time
b. application time
c. penetration time
d. drain time

107. Which of the following penetrant systems is generally

considered least sensitive?
a. Water-washable – visible dye.
b. Solvent removable – visible dye.
c. Water-washable – fluorescent dye.
d. Post emulsification – visible dye.

108. In penetrant examinations, the phase of the process

requiring the greatest skill and most experience of the operator is:
a. precleaning
b. establishing the emulsification time
c. interpretation of results
d. penetrant removal

109. The best choice of a developer for use on a very smooth

surface when using a fluorescent penetrant would be:
a. dry fluffy
b. dry regular
c. wet
d. none of the above

110. The purpose of an emulsifier is to:

a. combine with the penetrant to make the resultant mixture
removable by a water rinse
b. assist the blotting action of the developer
c. increase the penetration of the penetrant into fine discontinuities
d. eliminate false indications
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111. Developer assists in the detection of liquid penetrant
indications by:
a. providing a clean surface
b. providing a contrasting background
c. providing a dry surface
d. emulsifying the penetrant

112. Which of the following types of discontinuities would not be

detectable by liquid penetrant examination?
a. Forging lap
b. Seam
c. Surface crack
d. Subsurface porosity

113. What is the most universally used black light?

a. Incandescent lamps
b. Metallic carbon arcs
c. Tubular “B1” fluorescent lamps
d. Enclosed mercury vapor arc lamps

114. Which of the following processes would be most sensitive

to detecting very time defects?
a. Oil and whiting process
b. Water washable fluorescent process
c. Post emulsification process
d. Water emulsifiable visible dye penetrant process

115. Which of the following methods should not be used to

apply emulsifier when using the post-emulsification fluorescent process?
a. Dipping the part in the emulsifier
b. Spraying the part with emulsifier
c. Pouring emulsifier over the part
d. Brushing emulsifier on the part

116. Which of the following would be the most desirable center

wavelength for the output of the light source used in fluorescent process?
a. 3200 A (320nm)
b. 3650 A (365 nm)
c. 5200 A (520 nm)
d. 5650 A (565 nm)

117. Bleed-out of penetrant from a cold shut is an example of a:

a. false indication
b. non-relevant indication
c. true indiation
d. none of the above

118. Which of the following actions is likely to result in a loss of

sensitivity in the liquid penetrant examination?
a. Pre-cleaning test specimen with a vapor degreaser
b. Applying penetrant by immersion rather than spraying
ASNT
PT I
c. Reprocessing a specimen which has already been examined by
liquid penetrant examination method
d. Using a post-emulsifiable peentrant rather than a solvent
removable penetrant

119. Liquid penetrants become sluggish and lose sensitivity at

temperature
a. above 100 F
b. between 50 F and 100 F
c. below 50 F
d. below 70 F

120. Why is it possible to flush a surface with a coarse water

spray to which a water washable penetrant was applied, remove the
excessive penetrant, and not remove the penetrant which is it the
defects?
a. The liquid will not wash the penetrant from the defects because
the penetrant has to be drawn out by the developer.
b. The nature of a water-washable peentrant is such that water will
not dissolve the penetrant. It has to push the penetrant off the
surface, which is why a spray is used
c. The water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most
defect openings
d. A water spray should not be used. The penetrant should be
removed by a cloth dampened with water.
ANSWER
1. B 25. D 49. D 73. B 97. D
2. A 26. B 50. D 74. A 98. D
3. D 27. A 51. D 75. C 99. D
4. C 28. B 52. B 76. A 100. C
5. A 29. A 53. D 77. C 101. C
6. D 30. D 54. C 78. B 102. B
7. C 31. B 55. B 79. D 103. D
8. B 32. D 56. C 80. C 104. B
9. D 33. C 57. D 81. A 105. A
10. D 34. A 58. B 82. D 106. C
11. B 35. C 59. D 83. C 107. A
12. D 36. D 60. A 84. B 108. C
13. D 37. B 61. A 85. D 109. C
14. B 38. A 62. E 86. A 110. A
15. C 39. C 63. A 87. C 111. B
16. C 40. C 64. B 88. B 112. D
17. A 41. D 65. D 89. C 113. D
18. B 42. B 66. B 90. C 114. C
19. C 43. C 67. A 91. D 115. D
20. A 44. A 68. C 92. A 116. B
21. D 45. C 69. A 93. B 117. C
22. A 46. D 70. C 94. D 118. C
23. C 47. A 71. D 95. B 119. C
24. D 48. C 72. B 96. C 120. C