E.V.S.
ASSIGNMENT
Write the objectives of the 5 environment Act listed.
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of
India enacted for protection of plants and animal species. Before 1972, India
had only five designated national parks. Among other reforms, the Act
established schedules of protected plant and animal species; hunting or
harvesting these species was largely outlawed. The Act provides for the
protection of wild animals, birds and plants; and for matters connected
there with or ancillary or incidental thereto. It extends to the whole of India.
• Wildlife Protection Act 1972 has been accepted and adopted by all the
states. This is the first comprehensive legislation relating to the protection
of wildlife was passed by the Parliament and it was assented by the
President on 9 September 1972 and came to be known as The Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972).
• When this act was passed in wildlife protection subject was in state list and
states were empowered to make law on it. The Parliament passed this act
using provisions in Article 252 of the Constitution.
• Objectives:
1. To prohibit hunting of wild animals birds etc and impose punishment for
violating the same. The schedule gives absolute protection to certain
species and these cannot be infringed on any account.
2. To provide security to animals that are not in danger of becoming extinct.
3. To the delineate animals that can be hunted like ducks and deer’s. For this
purpose the hunter has to apply for a license to the district forest officer
will allow a hunter to shoot during the specific season and restricted area.
Any infringement can lead to cancellation of the hunting license.
4. To help cultivation and plant life and gives teeths to setting up more
protected animal parks.
5. To give sweeping powers to law enforcement authorities to punish anybody
guilty under the act.
6. To impart that central government and state government to declare certain
areas as Sanctuaries and National parks.
The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1974
• It is an act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and
maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water for the establishment,
with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the
prevention and control of water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to
such boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters
connected therewith.
• This act came into force on 23 March 1974 and was amended in the years
1978 in 1988. There are a total of eight chapters and 64 sections in the act.
• Objectives:
1. To prevent and control water pollution.
2. To access pollution levels and punish polluters.
3. To maintain or restore the wholesomeness of water.
4. To establish central and state boards to carry out the objectives of the act.
5. To confer on and assign to the boards the powers and functions relating
prevention and control of water pollution.
6. To establish central and state water testing laboratories to enable the board
to discharge the functions.
7. To penalize contravention of provisions of the act.
8. To deal with matters connected with the prevention and control of water
pollution.
Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 an Act of the Parliament of India to
provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected therewith
or ancillary or incidental thereto. It was further amended in 1988. This law
extends to the whole of India. It was enacted by Parliament of India to
control further deforestation of Forest Areas in India. The act came into
force on 25 October 1980. It has five sections.
• Forest Conservation Act launched 1980, which was amended in 1988.
The Indian Forest Act of 1927consolidated all the previous laws regarding
forests that were passed before the 1920s. The act gave the government
and Forest Department the power to create Reserved Forest, and the right
to use of resources by local people was controlled. It gives priority to
maintaining environmental stability and ecological balance. It expressly states
that the network of Protected Areas should be strengthened and extended.
• The Act remained in force fill the 1980s when it was realized that the
protecting forests for timber production alone was not acceptable.
India’s, these states had regularized encroachments and resettled ‘project
Affected people’ from development projects such as dams in these de-
reserved areas.
• Objectives:
1. Forest dwellers must have access to subsidized sources of fuel, fodder,
building material etc so that they do not cut trees.
2. Modify working plans into environmentally sound action plans based on
scientific research.
a) Protection of standing Forests.
b) Creation of new stock
c) Building up of information base.
The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1981
• An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution
• Decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to
take appropriate steps for the preservation of the natural resources of the
earth which, among other things, include the preservation of the quality of
air and control of air pollution; and whereas it is considered necessary to
implement the decisions aforesaid in so far as they relate to the
preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution.
• Objectives:
1. to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, for
the establishment, with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of
Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and
functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith.
2. As enshrined in its preamble is, to preserve the quality of air and to control
air pollution
3. It extends to the whole of India including the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
4. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
Environmental Protection Act, 1986
• Environmental Protection Act, 1986 enacted under article 253 of the
Constitution of India to implement the decisions made at the United
Nations conference on Human Environment held as Stockholm, 1972 was
expected to fill the lacuna and provide a blueprint for a progressive policy
for protecting the ecosystem. The act seeks to supplement existing laws on
control of pollution by enacting general legislations for environmental
protection and to fill the gaps in regulations of major environmental
hazards. The Environmental Protection act is umbrella legislation enacted to
provide for the Central Government coordination over the central and state
that is the tablet inter-alia under the Water Act 1974 and Air Act 1981.
• Objectives:
1. To provide the protection and improvement of environment and for
matters connected therewith.
2. To implement the decisions made at the UN conference on human
environment held at Stockholm in June 1972.
3. To enact a general law on the areas of environmental protection which
were left uncovered by existing laws. The existing laws were more specific
in nature and concentrated on a more specific type of pollution in specific
categories of hazardous substances rather than on general problems than
chiefly caused major environmental hazards.
4. To coordinate activities of the various regulatory agencies under the
existing law.
5. To provide for the creation of an authority or authorities for environmental
protection and confers special power to them.
6. To give the widest possible past the central government to take measures
to protect and improve the environment.
7. To provide for mass of subordinate and delegated legislation ecological
sensitive topics like environmental impact assessment, regulation of
hazardous substances protection of coastal areas.
8. To provide deterrent punishment to those who endanger the human
environment, safety and health.
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
AR. CHANDIKA AHIR MAM MADHAV BASANDRAI
1515991057
SEC-C
