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Concept Map The Shorter The Better

This document discusses nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections, including predisposing factors, etiological agents, consequences, prevention, and management. Predisposing factors include underlying diseases, invasive procedures, and acute illnesses. Common etiological agents are MRSA, C. difficile, enterobacteria, pseudomonas, and legionella. Consequences of hospital-acquired infections include serious illness, death, prolonged hospital stays, and additional antibiotic therapy. Prevention focuses on cleaning, sterilization, hygiene, and proper wound and surgical site management. Management involves antibiotic treatment, supportive therapies, device removal if needed, and wound care.

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245 views1 page

Concept Map The Shorter The Better

This document discusses nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections, including predisposing factors, etiological agents, consequences, prevention, and management. Predisposing factors include underlying diseases, invasive procedures, and acute illnesses. Common etiological agents are MRSA, C. difficile, enterobacteria, pseudomonas, and legionella. Consequences of hospital-acquired infections include serious illness, death, prolonged hospital stays, and additional antibiotic therapy. Prevention focuses on cleaning, sterilization, hygiene, and proper wound and surgical site management. Management involves antibiotic treatment, supportive therapies, device removal if needed, and wound care.

Uploaded by

DRMAZLINA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREDISPOSING FACTORS ETIOLOGICAL AGENT CONSEQUENCES

• Related to Underlying Diseases • MRSA


• Clostridium difficile
• Serious illness/death
• Related to Invasive Procedures
• Related to Acute diseases such as Trauma , Skin Lacerations • Enterobacteria • Prolonged hospital stay
• Treatment Related NI • Pseudomas • Additional antibiotic therapy
• Legionella • Can become source of infection
SOURCE • MSSA
• Endogenous : self infection
PREVENTION
(patients’ normal flora)
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION / • Proper cleaning and sterilization
• Exogenous : outside patients’ body
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION/ • Proper management of surgical site
(cross infection and hospital
• Good hygiene (Environment, Staff, Personal)
environment) HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION
• Proper waste disposal
• UTI • Skin Infection
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Bacteremia • GIT Infection MANAGEMENT
• Direct contact : patient to patient,
• RTI • CNS Infection • Antibiotic Treatment – Vancomycin
staff to patient
• Bloodstream • SSI • Supportive Treatment – Antiviral & Antifungal Therapy
• Indirect contact : inanimate object,
Infection • Removal/ Change of Device
contaminated medical devices
• Proper managemet of wound
(catheters),
• Airborne : dust/ droplet PATHOGENESIS OF BSI
• Oral route : contaminated food • Microbes migrate from skin along the
catheter LAB INVESTIGATION
• Some secrete biofilm layer that gives • FBC-neutrophil and TWBC ↑ (inflammation)
CRBSI • CRP- a acute phase protein that is high due to inflammation
protection against antimicrobial agents
• Catalase test - +ve (Staphylococcus)
CLABSI SYMPTOMS/ PHYSICAL FINDINGS • Coagulase test- +ve
• Fever : 39°C • Blood culture- beta-haemolysis (S.Aureus)
• CVL site at right cubital fossa - • DNAse test- +ve (can hydrolyse DNA
swollen, inflammed, warm and • Antibiotic Susceptibility Test
tender • Resistant to: penicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin
• PR : 110beats/minute (tachycardia) • Susceptible to: fusidic acid, rifampicin, vancomycin,
• RR : 24 breaths/minute (tachypnoe) teicoplanin

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