Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02

(Class 10th)

Types of Solution (Graphically)

There are three types of solutions :

1. Unique Solution.
2. Infinitely Many Solutions
3. No Solution.
(A) Consistent: If a system of simultaneous linear equations has at least one solution then the
system is said to be consistent.
(i) Consistent equations with unique solution: The graphs of two
equations intersect at a unique point. For example. Consider
x + 2y = 4
7x + 4y = 18
Y
5
4
3
2
1 (2, 1)

X
0 1 2 3 4

The graphs (lines) of these equations intersect each other at the point (2, 1) i.e., x = 2,
y = 1.
Hence, the equations are consistent with unique solution.
(ii) Consistent equations with infinitely many solutions: The graphs
(lines) of the two equations will be coincident.
For example. Consider
27
2x + 4y = 9 3x + 6y =
2
 Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02
(Class 10th)
Y
4
3
2
1
X
0 1 2 3 4

The graphs of the above equations coincide. Coordinates of every point on the lines
are the solutions of the equations. Hence, the given equations are consistent with
infinitely many solutions.
(B) Inconsistent Equation:
If a system of simultaneous linear equations has no solution, then the system is said to be
inconsistent.
No Solution: The graph (lines) of the two equations are parallel.
For example. Consider
4x + 2y = 10
6x + 3y = 6
Y
5
4
3
2

1
X
0 1 2 3 4

The graphs (lines) of the given equations are parallel. They will never meet at a point. So,
there is no solution. Hence, the equations are inconsistent.
Graph of Two
S.No Types of Equations
Equations
1 Intersecting lines Consistent, with unique solution
2 Coincident Consistent with infinite solutions
3 Parallel lines Inconsistent (No solution)

EXAMPLES 

Ex.1 Show graphically that the system of equations

x – 4y + 14 = 0 ; 3x + 2y – 14 = 0 is consistent with unique solution.
Sol. The given system of equations is
x – 4y + 14 = 0 ....(1)
x  14
 y=
4
6  14
When x = 6, y= =5
4
 Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02
(Class 10th)
2  14
When x = – 2, y = =3
4
In tabular form
x 6 2
y 5 3
Po int s A B

3x + 2y – 14 = 0 ....(2)
3x  14
 y=
2
0  14
When x = 0, y = =7
2
3  4  14
When x = 4, y = =1
2
In tabular form
x 0 4
y 7 1
Po int s C D

Y
8
C(0, 7)
6

2
D(4, 1)
X' X
–2 0 2 4 6

Y'

The given equations representing two lines, intersect each other at a unique point (2,
4). Hence, the equations are consistent with unique solution.
Ex. 2 Show graphically that the system of equations
15
2x + 5y = 16 ; 3x + y = 24 has infinitely many solutions.
2
Sol. The given system of equations is
2x + 5y = 16 ....(1)
16  2 x
 y=
5
16  6
When x = 3, y= =2
5
16  2  ( 2)
When x = – 2, y = =4
5
In tabular form
 Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02
(Class 10th)
x 2 3
y 4 2
Po int s A B

15
3x + y = 24 ....(1)
2
48  6 x
   y= ....(2)
15
1 48  3
When x = , y= =3
2 15
 11 
48  6   
11 2
When x = , y = =1
2 15
In tabular form
1 11
x
2 2
y 3 1
Po int s C D
Y

5
A
4
(–2, 4)
3 (1/2, 3)
C
2 B(3, 2)

1 (11/2, 1)
D
X' X
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5

Y'

The lines of two equations are coincident. Coordinates of every point on this line are
the solution.
Hence, the given equations are consistent with infinitely many solutions.
Ex. 3 Show graphically that the system of equations 2x + 3y = 10, 4x + 6y = 12 has no
solution.
Sol. The given equations are
2x + 3y = 10
10  2 x
 3y = 10 – 2x y =
3
10  2  ( 4) 10  8
When x = – 4, y = = =6
3 3
10  2  2 10  4
When x = 2, y = = =2
3 3
In tabular form
Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02
(Class 10th)
x 4 2
y 6 2
Po int s A B

4x + 6y = 12
 6y = 12 – 4x
 6y = 12 – 4x
12  4 x
 y=
6
12  4  (3) 12  12
When x = – 3, y = = =4
6 6
12  4  (3) 12  12
When x = 3, y = = =0
6 6
In tabular form
x 3 3
y 4 0
Po int s C D

Plot the points A (–4, 6), B(2, 2) and join them to form a line AB. Similarly, plot the
points
C(–3, 4), D(3, 0) and join them to get a line CD.
y

A(–4, 6) 6
5
4
C
3

2 B(2, 2)

1
(3

D
, 0)

x' x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1

–2

y'

Clearly, the graphs of the given equations are parallel lines. As they have no common
point, there is no common solution. Hence, the given system of equations has no
solution.
Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02
(Class 10th)
 IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED


Pair of lines
a1 b1 c1 Compare
a1x  b1y  c1  0
a2 b2 c2 the ratio
a2x  b2y  c2  0
2 x  3y  4  0 2 3 4 a 1 b1

5x  6 y  9  0 5 6 9 a 2 b2
x  2y  5  0 1 2 5 a 1 b1 c1
 
3x  6 y  15  0 3 6 15 a 2 b2 c2
2 x  3y  4  0 2 3 4 a 1 b1 c1
 
4 x  6 y  10  0 4 6 10 a 2 b2 c2

Graphically Representation Algebraic Interpretation

Intersection Lines Exactly One Solution (Unique Solution)
Coincident Lines Infinitely Many Solutions
Parallel Lines No Solution

From the table above you can observe that if the line a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2
= 0 are
a1 b1
(i ) For the int er sec ting lines then 
a2 b2
a1 b1 c1
(ii ) For the coincident lines then  
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
(iii) For the parallel lines then  
a2 b2 c2

NCERT PORTIONS
Linear Equation in Two Variables – 02
(Class 10th)