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Imogene King Handout

Imogene King developed Goal Attainment Theory, which views nursing as a process of interaction between nurse and client to set and work towards mutually agreed upon goals. The theory describes three interacting systems - the personal system of individuals, the interpersonal system of their interactions, and the social system of larger groups. King proposed that goal attainment occurs through effective transactions and communication between nurse and client based on their perceptions, roles, and stress levels within these systems.

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Allyson Duy Angcos
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78 views

Imogene King Handout

Imogene King developed Goal Attainment Theory, which views nursing as a process of interaction between nurse and client to set and work towards mutually agreed upon goals. The theory describes three interacting systems - the personal system of individuals, the interpersonal system of their interactions, and the social system of larger groups. King proposed that goal attainment occurs through effective transactions and communication between nurse and client based on their perceptions, roles, and stress levels within these systems.

Uploaded by

Allyson Duy Angcos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Imogene King

Goal Attainment Theory

BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST

 Youngest of 3 children, born in 1923


 St. John’s Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri (1946)
 St. Louis University: BS in Nursing Education (1948) & MS in Nursing
(1957)
 Teachers College – Columbia University, New York: EdD (1961)
Postdoctoral study in research design, statistics, & computers
 Expertise: adult medical-surgical nursing
 Experiences: administrator, educator, practitioner

NURSING METEPARADIGMS

a.) Person
 Individuals are spiritual beings
 They have the capacity to think, know, make choices & select alternative
courses of action
 Have the ability through their language & other symbols to record their
history & preserve their culture
 Open system in transaction with the environment
 Unique & holistic, are of intrinsic worth & are capable of rational thinking
& decision making in most situations
 Individuals differ in their needs, wants & goals

b.) Health
 Is a dynamic state in the life cycle; illness is an interference in the life
cycle
 Implies continuous adjustment to stress in the internal & external
environments, using personal resources to achieve optimal daily living

c.) Environment
 The process of balance involving internal & external interactions inside
the social system
 Interpreted from the general systems theory as an open system with
permeable boundaries that allow the exchange of matter, energy, &
information

d.) Nursing
 Is an act wherein the nurse interacts & communicates with the client
 The nurse helps the client identify the existing health condition, exploring
& agreeing on activities that promote health
 Goal (King’s theory): to help the client maintain health through health
promotion & maintenance, restoration & caring for the sick & dying

3 FUNDAMENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF HUMAN BEINGS

1.) Need for information


2.) Need for care for illness prevention
3.) Need for total care when a person doesn’t have the capacity to help
themselves

GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY

 Involves the nurse and the patient mutually communicating information,


establishing goals, & taking action to obtain goals
 Two people who are usually strangers come together in a health care
organization to help or to be helped to a mutual state of health
 Central Focus: Man as a dynamic human being whose perception of
objects, persons, & events influence his behavior, social interaction, &
health
3 INTERACTING SYSTEMS OF THE THEORY

1.) Personal System


 Individuals
 How the nurse views & integrates self-based from personal goals & beliefs

Concepts of Personal System:

a.) The Individual’s Perception – the person’s representation of reality & it


is unique to each individual
b.) Self – the person’s subjective environment, values, ideas, attitudes, &
commitment
c.) Growth & Development – involves all the changes that occur (cellular,
molecular, and behavioural). These changes are usually orderly &
predictable, but may vary with individuals
d.) Body Image – the way a person perceive their body & the reaction of
others to their body. Body image is subjective & changes as the person
changes physically or emotionally
e.) Space – the immediate physical territory occupied by the person &
person’s behavior
f.) Time – the order of events & their relationship to each other

2.) Interpersonal system


 2 or more interacting individuals
 How the nurse interrelates with a co-worker or patient, particularly in a
nurse-patient relationship

Concepts of Interpersonal System:

a.) Interaction – any situation wherein the nurse relates & deals with a
patient
b.) Communication – refers to the transmission of information from one
person to another; either directly or indirectly
c.) Transaction – refers to the interaction between a person & the
environment for the purpose of goal attainment
d.) Role – refers to the expected behaviors of a person in a specific
position & to the rules that govern the position & affect interaction
between 2 or more persons
e.) Stress – refers to an exchange of energy, either positive or negative
between a person & the environment; objects, persons & events can
serve as stressors

3.) Social system


 Composed of larger group of individuals with common interests or goals
 How the nurse interacts with co-workers, superiors, subordinates & the
client environment in general
 Example: Families, religious groups, schools, workplaces & peer groups
 A Social systems comprises the
 Social roles
 Behaviors
 Practices

Concepts of Social System:

a.) Organization: refers to a group of people with similar interest who


have prescribed roles & positions & who use resources to achieve
personal & organizational goals
b.) Authority: refers to the observable behavior of providing guidance &
order & being responsible for actions
c.) Power: is characterized by the ability to use resources for goal
achievement; also a means by which one or more persons can
influence others
d.) Status: refers to the position occupied by a person in a group or the
position occupied by a group in relation to other groups in an
organization; it is accomplished by certain duties, privileges &
obligations
e.) Decision Making: results from developing & acting on perceived
choices for goal attainment
PROPOSITIONS OF KING’S GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY

1. If perceptual accuracy is present in nurse-client interactions, transactions will


occur
2. If nurse & client make transactions, goals will be attained
3. If goals are attained, satisfactions will occur
4. If goals are attained, effective nursing care will occur
5. If transactions are made in nurse-clients interactions, growth & development
will be enhanced
6. If role expectations & role performance as perceived by nurse & client are
congruent, transactions will occur
7. If role conflict is experienced by the nurse, client, or both, stress in nurse-
client interactions will occur
8. If nurses with special knowledge & skills communicate appropriate
information o clients, mutual goal setting & goal attainment will occur

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