[Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER G—Wood 6-1 Table of Contents SECTION 601 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, GOL. Scope snus 601.2. Design Method. SECTION 602 - NOTATIONS AND DEFINITIONS sssosesnnsnsno 602.1 Notations... 602.2 Definitions SECTION 603 - MINIMUM QUALITY vronsnsn 603.1 Quality and Identification 603.2 Minimum Capacity or Grade, 603.3 Timber Connectors and Fastener ...mem 603.4 Fabrication, Installation and Manutacttes.n nsw SECTION 604 - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS. 604.1 General : PART I- REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO ALL DESIGN PROCEDURES 00. SECTION 605 - DECAY AND TERMITE PROTECTION. 605.1 Preparation of Building Site... 605.2 Wood Support Embedded in Ground... 605.3 Under-Floor Clearance... 605.4 Plates, Sills and Sleeper... 603.5 Columns and Posts... 605.6 Girders Entering Masonry or Concrete Walls. 605.7 Under-Floor Ventilation. . 605.8 Wood and Earth Separatio {605.9 Wood Supporting Roofs and Floors. 603.10 Moisture Content of Treated Wood 605.11 Retaining Walls. ns 605.12 Weather Exposure 605.13 Water Splash... SECTION 606 - WOOD SUPPORTING MASONRY OR CONCRETE. 606.1 Dead Load nnn 606.2 Horizontal Force ..., SECTION 607 - WALL FRAMING SECTION 608 - FLOOR FRAMING .. SECTION 609 - EXTERIOR WALL COVERING! 609.1 General. 609.2 Siding... 609.3 Plywood... 609.4 Shingles or Shakes 6095 Particleboard. 609.6 Hardboard. 609.7 Nailing National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2016,62 CHAPTER 6- Wood SECTION 610 - INTERIOR PANELIN SECTION 611 - SHEATHING 611.1 Structural Floor Sheathing. 18 611.2 Structural Roof Sheathing SECTION 612 - MECHANICALLY-LAMINATED FLOORS AND DECKS. SECTION 613 - POST-BEAM CONNECTIONS. PART II - REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO DESIGN OF WIND AND EARTHQUAKE LOAD-RESISTING SYSTEMS. 23 SECTION 614 - WOOD SHEAR WALLS AND DIAPHRAGM 614.1 General “ 7 Gita Wemunicuibos Resting” Horontal Forces Contributed by Masonry and Concrete. 24 6143 Wood Diaphragms..cususosnn 614.4 Particleboard Diaphragms... 6143. Wood Shear Walls and Diaphragms in Seismie Zone 4. 6146 Fiberboard Sheathing Diaphragms. SECTION 615 - DESIGN VALUES FOR STRU ‘URAL MEMBERS, 615.1 General , 6152 _ Reference Design Values - 6153 Adjustment of Reference Design Values. JON 616 - DESIGN PROVISIONS AND EQUATIONS, General. Bending Members ~ General Bending Members ~ Flexure Bending Members ~ Shear: Bending Members - Deflection .. ‘Compression Members - General... Solid Columns Tension Members. Combined Bending and Axial Loading. 616.10 Design for Bearing. 7 SECTION 617 - SAWN LUMBER. 617.1 General 617.2 Reference Design Values : oe “ i 6173 Adjustment of Reference Design Vales... . vn = snr 2 6174 Special Design Considerations nnn SECTION 618 - STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER, 618.1 General... 6182 _ Reference Design Values 6183 Adjustment of Reference Design Values. 6184 Special Design Considerations... SECTION 619 - TIMBER CONNECTORS AND FASTENERS. 619.1 619.2 619.3 Nails and Spikes 619.4 Joist Hangers and Framing Anchors. 619.5 Miscellaneous Fasteners. ‘Associaton of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-3 ‘SECTION 620 - CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION DESIGN PROVISIONS.. 620.1 General. 6202 _ Design of Portions... B 620.3 Additional Requirements for Conventional Construction in High-wind Areas. B 620.4 Additional Requirements for Conventional Construction in Seismic Zone 2... 7 B 620.5 Girders 620.6 Floor Joists. 620.7. Subflooring.. 620.8 Particleboard Underlayment. 620.9 Wall Framing ‘SECTION 621 - METAL PLATE-CONNECTED WOOD TRUSS DESIGN .. 621.1 Design and Fabrication 621.2 Performance. 6213 In-Plant Inspection .. 6214 Marking ‘SECTION 622 - USE OF MACHINE-GRADED LUMBER (MGL).. 622.1 General . 622.2 Design Properti Lumber 622.3 Design Using Machine-Graded Lumber nor 6224 Preservative Treatment... 622.5 Moisture Content. 622.6 Markings National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20166-4 CHAPTER 6-Wood SECTION 601 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 601.1 Scope TThe provisions of this chapter shall govern the materials, design, consiruetion, and quality of wood members and their fasteners. 601.2 Design Method Design shall be based on one of the following methods: 601.2.1 Working Stress Design (WSD) Design using working stress design methods shall resist the different load combinations in accordance with the Applicable requirements of Section 604. 601.2.2 Conventional Light-Frame Construction ‘The design and construction of conventional light-frame ‘wood structures shall be in aocordance with the applicable requirements of Section 604 and the NSCP Volume TI ~ Housing. SECTION 602 NOTATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 602.1 Notations Except where otherwise noted, the symbols used in this Chapter have the following meanings: A = area ofeross seston, mn? ‘Ay = cross-sectional area ofnotehed member, mn? Cp = load duration factor Cy = size factor for sawn lumber GC; =. stress interaction factor for tapered glued laminated timbers Cu beam stability factor Gy wet sence factor Cp = column stability factor y= buckling stitness factor for dimension lumber Cy = volume factor fr structural hued laminated timber y= bearing area factor C_ = curvature factor for structural glued Jamingted timber Cae = expitis! constant derived from relationship fof equation for deflection of tapered seaight beams and prismatic beams Cpu = Satuse factor G,_ = incising factor for dimension lumber GC, = repetitive member factor for dimension lumber Gy = empirical load-shape radial stress reduction factor for double-tapered curved stuctural sued laminated timber bending members Gq = temperature factor Gor = shear reduetion factor for stuctural glued laminated timber Gy = tepered structural glued laminated timber ‘beam deflection factor COV, = coefficient of variation for modulus of elasticity ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)BE FE Emin: Emin Dain, ED min’ Beata Eon Fy, Fe! Fy Fin! Fea’ Fue reference and adjusted modulus of elasticity, Fo Fe, MPa) modulus of elastic ofstuctual glued Fe laminated timber for extensional deformations, MPa reference and adjusted modulus of elasticity Fee for beam staility and column stability caleulations, MP2 Feeu Fees reference and adjusted BI for beam stability and column stability caleuations, MPa modulus of elasticity of steuctural glued Fou Fe! laminated timber for deflections due to bending about the x-x axis, MPa Faw ‘modulus of elasticity of structural glued laminated timber for beam and columns stability caleulations for buckling about the sx axis, MPa modulus of elasticity of structural glued laminated timber for defletions due to bending about the y-y axis, MPa ‘modulus of elasticity of structural glued laminated timber for beam and eolurms stability calculations for buckling about the yy axis, MPa Fees Pre! Fee Pet! reference and adjusted bending design value, MPa reference bending design value multiplied by : all applicable adjustment factors except C;, MPa FF reference bending design value moktipied by all applicable adjustment factors except Cy, MPa Free Fe adjusted edgewise bending design valve, MPa adjusted fatwise bending design value, MPa Py ctical buckling design value for bending members, MPa Fy reference bending design value for positive bending of structural glued laminated timbers, MPa’ 1 reference bending design value for negative Ker bending of strctural ued laminated timbers, MPa‘ K reference bending design value of structral ‘shied laminated timbers bent about the 7 Kes axis, MPa CHAPTER 6—Wood 6-5 reference and adjusted compression design value parllel to grain, MPa reference compression design value parallel to grain multiplied by al applicable adjustment factors except Cp, MPa critical buckling design value for ‘compression members, MPa critical buckling design value for ‘compression member in planes o lateral support, MPa reference and adjusted compression design value perpendicular to grain, MPa reference compression design value for bearing loads onthe wide face ofthe laminations of structural glued laminated timber, MPa reference compression design value for bearing loads onthe narrow edges ofthe laminations of steuctural glued laminated timber, MPa reference and adjusted radial compression design value for curved structural plued laminated timber members, MPa reference and adjusted radial tension design value perpendicular to erin for structural glued laminated timber, MPa reference and adjusted tension design value Parallel o grin, MPa reference and adjusted shear design value parallel to grain (horizontal shear), MPa reference and adjusted shear design value for strytural glued laminated timber members with loads cousing bending about the x-x axis, MPa reference shear design value for structural glued laminated timber members with loads ‘easing bending about the y-y axis, MPa adjusted bearing design value at an angle to grain, MPa moment of inectia, mt time dependent deformation (creep) factor buckling length coefficient for compression embers empirical radial stress factor for double- tapered curved structural glued laminated limber bending members National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20166:6 CHAPTER 6—Wood Ky NN pp ag Re empirical bending stess shape factor for fe fe depth of double-tapered curved structural slued laminated timber bending member at fends, mm depth at the small end ofa tapered straight structiral ged laminated timber bending seme, mm depth of an equivalent prismatie structural sled laminated timber member, mm the maximum dimension for that face of a tapered column, mm ‘he minimum dimension for that face of & tapered column, mm depth of member remaining at a notch ‘measured perpendicular to the length ofthe ‘member, mm ‘representative dimension for tapered column, depth of structural glued laminated timber parallel to the wide fe ofthe laminations when loaded in bending about the y-yaxis, cross-sectional dimensions of rectangular ‘compression member in planes of lateral support, mm te distance the notch extends from the inner edge of the support, mm actual bending stress, MPa actual compression stress parallel fo grain, MPa tal compression sicess perpendicular to grain, MPa actual radial stress in curved bending member, MPa actual tension stress parallel to grain, MPa actual shear stress parallel to grain, MPa vertical distance from the end ofthe double- tapered curved structural glued laminated timber beam to mi-span, min vertical distance from the top ofthe double- tapered curved structural glued laminated timber supports tothe bear apex, mm span length of bending member, mim distance between points of lateral support of ‘compression member, ram Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASE)CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-7 fy bearing ength, mm 602.2 Definitions fe = clear span, mm ‘See Section 202. f_ = length between tangent points for double- = on tapered curved structural glued laminated es ‘timber members, mma f= effective span length of bending member, f= effective length of compression member, mm effective length of compression member in planes of lateral support, mm £,/4 = slendemess ration of compression member 4, = laterally unsupported span length of bending member, mm. = thickness, mm x = distance from beam support face to load, an ‘by = horizontal deflection at suppors of symmetrical double-tapered curved structural ‘glued laminated timber members, mm ‘Aor = immediate deflection due to the long-term ‘component ofthe design load, mm ‘Asp = deflection due to the short term or normal ‘component ofthe design load, mm ‘Op total deflection from long-term and short- term loading, mm ‘de = vertical deflection at mid-span of double- tapered curved structural glued laminated timber members, am 8 = angle of taper on the compression or tension face of structural glued laminated timber ‘members, degrees 6 = angle between te direction of load and the Airetin of gran longitudinal axis of ‘member) for split ring o shear pate connector design, degrees 5 = angle of sft slope at the ends of double- tapered curved structural glued laminated timber member, degrees Gr = angle of oof slope of double-tapered curved structural glued laminated timber member, degrees = uniformly distributed load, Nim National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 201668 CHAPTER 6-Wood SECTION 603 MINIMUM QUALITY 603.1 Quality and Identification |All lumber, wood structural panels, particleboard, Structural glued-laminated lumber, end-jointed lumber, fiberboard sheathing (when used structurally), hardboard siding (when used structurally), piles and poles regulated by this chapter shall conform to the applicable standards co grading rules specified in this chapter and shall be so jidentfied by the grade mark ot a certificate of inspection issued by an approved agency. 603.2 Minimum Capacity or Grade Minimum capacity of structural framing members may be cstablished by performance tests. When the tests are not made, capacity shall be based on design values specified in Section 615 and design calculations specified in Sections 616 t0 618. Approved end-jointed lumber may be used interchangeably with solid-sawn members of the same species and grade, Such use shall include, but not be limited to, light-framing joists, planks and decking. Wood structural panels shall be of grades specified in accordance with Philippine National Standards (PNS). 603.3. Timber Connectors and Fasteners Safe loads and design practices for types of connectors and fasteners not mentioned or fully covered in Section 619, may be determined in a manner approved by the Building Official, The number and size of nails connecting wood members shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 619. Other connections shall be fastened 10 provide equivalent strength. End and edge distances and rail penetrations shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 619. Fasteners for pressure preservative-treated and fire retardant-treated wood shall be of hot-dipped ine coated galvanized, stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper. Fasteners required to be corrosion resistant shall be either zine-coated fasteners, aluminum alloy wire fasteners or stainless steel fasteners Connections depending on joist hangers or framing anchors, ties, and other mechanical fastenings not cotherwise covered may be used where approved by the Building Official 603.4 Fabrication, Installation and Manufacture Fabrication, installation, and manufacture of wood elements shall be in accordance with the following guidelines: 6034.1 General Proparation, fabrication and installation of wood members and their fastenings shall eonform to accepted engineering practices and to the requirements of this chapter, All members shall be framed, anchored, tied and braced to develop the strength and rigidity necessary for the purposes for which they are used. 603.4.2 Timber Connectors and Fasteners ‘The installation of timber connectors and fasteners shall ‘oc in accordance with the provisions set forth in Section 619, 6034.3 Metal Plate-Connected Wood Trusses Metal plate-conneeted wood trusses shall conform to the provisions of Section 621. Each manufacturer of trusses tusing metal plate connectors. shall retain an approved agency having no financial interest in the plant being wspected to make nonscheduled inspections of truss fabrication, delivery, and operations. The inspection shall cover all phases of truss operation, including lumber storage, handling, cutting, fixtures, presses or rollers, fabrication, bundling and banding, handling and delivery. 603.44 Structural Glued-La inated Timber ‘The manufacture and fabrication of structural glued laminated timber shall be under the supervision of qualified personne! 6034.5 Dried Fire Retardant-Treated Wood Fire retardant-treated wood shall have been dried, following treatment, to moisture content (MC) not exceeding: 19% - for solid sawn lumber up to 50 mm thick 15% - for plywood ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Phiippines, Inc. (ASEP)603.4.6 Size of Structural Members Sizes of lumber referred to in this chapter are nominal sizes. Computations to determine the required sizes of members shall be based on the net dimensions (actual size) and not the nominal sizes. The rough size lumber shall not be less than the nominal size and the reduction in face dimensions of dressed lumber shall not be more than 6 mm of the nominal size. 603.4.7 Shrinkage Consideration shall be given in the design to the possible effect of cross-grain dimensional changes considered vertically which may occur in lumber fabricated in @ given condition. 6034.8 Rejection The building official may deny permission for the use of a ‘wood member where permissible grade characteristics or defects are present in such a combination that they affect detrimentally the serviceability of the member. CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-9 ‘The following design requirements apply. 604.11 All wood structures shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of Section 601 up to Section 613. 604.12 Wind and earthquake load-resisting systems for all engineered wood structures shall be designed and constricted in accordance with the requirements of Section 614. User Note: Altematively, lateral load-resisting systems for single family dwellings may be proportioned according to the provisions of NSCP Volume Il - Honsing. 604.1.3 The design and construction of wood structures using working stress design (WSD) methods shall be in accordance with Section 615 to Section 618. 604.1.4 The design and construction of conventional light-frame wood structures shall be in accordance with Section 620. 604.1.5 The design and installation of timber connectors and fasteners shall be in accordance with Section 619, 604.1.6 Metal plate-connected wood trusses shall conform to the provisions of Section 621 National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7h Edition, 20166-10 CHAPTER 6 ~ Wood PART I - REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO ALL DESIGN PROCEDURES SECTION 605 DECAY AND TERMITE PROTECTION 605.1 Preparation of Building S [All stumps and roots shall be removed from the soil to @ “depth of at least 300 mm below the surface of the ground in the area to be occupied by the building, |All wood forms which have been used in placing, ‘concrete, if within the ground or between foundation sills and the ground, shall be removed before a building is occupied or used for any purpose. Before completion, loose or easual wood shall be removed from ditect contact ‘with the ground under the building, 605.2 Wood Support Embedded in Ground Wood embedded in the ground or in ditect contact with the earth and used for the support of permanent structures shall be treated wood unless continuously below the ground waterline or submerged in fresh water. Round or rectangular posts, poles and sawn timber columns supporting permanent structures which are embedded concrete or masonry in direct contact with the earth ot embedded in concrete or masonry exposed to the weather Shall be treated wood, The wood shall be treated for ‘ground contact 605.3 Under-Floor Clearance ‘When wood joists or the bottom of wood structural floors without joisis are located closer than 450. mm or wood ‘irders are loeated closer than 300 mm to exposed ground in erawl spaces oF unexeavated areas located within the periphery of the building foundation, the floor assembly including posts, girders, joists and subfloor, shall be approved wood of natural resistance to decay or treated wood. When the above under-floor clearances are required, the under-floor area shall be accessible. Accessible under- floor areas shall be provided with a minimum 450 mm by £600 mm opening unobstructed by pipes, ducts and similar construction. All under-floor access openings shall be effectively sereened or covered. Pipes, ducts and other construction shall not interfere with the accessibility to or ‘within under-floor areas, 605.4 Plates, Sills and Sleepers All foundation plates or sills and sleepers on a concrete or ‘masonry slab, which is in direct contact with earth, and sills that rest on conerete oF masonry foundations, shall be Ireated wood, all marked or branded by an approved agency. Foundation wood marked or branded by an approved agency may be used for sills in localities subject to moderate hazard, where termite damage is not frequent ‘and when specifically approved by the building offical In localities where hazard of termite is slight, any species fof wood permitted by this chapter may be used for sills ‘when specifically approved by the building official. 605.5 Columns and Posts Columns and posts located on concrete oF masonry floors cor decks exposed to the Weather or fo water splash or in basements and which support permanent structures shall bbe supported by concrete piers or metal pedestals projecting above Hoors unless approved wood of natural resistance to decay of treated wood is used. The pedestal shall project at least 200 mm above exposed earth or al feast 25 mm above finish floor level of such floors. Individual conerete or masonry piets shall project at least 200 mm above exposed ground unless the supported columns or posts are treated wood or of approved wood with natural resistance to decay. 605.6 Girders Ent ing Masonry or Conerete Walls Ends of wood girder.entering masonry or concrete walls shall be provided with a 15 mm ait space on tops, sides and ends unless approved wood of natural resistance to decay oF treated wood is used. 605.7 Under-Floor Ventilation Under-floor areas shall be ventilated by an approved mechanical means or by openings in under-floor area ‘walls, Such openings shall have a net area of not less than 0.07 m? for each 10 m® of under-floor area, Openings shall be located as close to comers as practical and shall provide cross ventilation. The required area of such ‘openings shall be approximately equally distributed along the length of at least two opposite sides. They shall be covered with corrosion-resistant wire mesh with mesh ‘openings of 6 mm dimension, Where moisture due 10 climate and groundwater conditions is not considered excessive, the Building Official may allow operable Touvers and may allow the required net area of vent opening to be reduced 10 10. percent of the above, provided the under-floor ground surface area is covered with an approved vapor barrier. ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Phitippines, Inc. (ASEP)605.8 Wood and Earth Separation Protection of wood against deterioration as set forth in the previous sections for specified applications is required. In addition, wood used in construction of permanent structures and located nearer than 150 mm to earth shall be treated wood or wood of natural resistance to decay. Where located on concrete slabs placed on earth, wood shall be treated wood or wood of natural resistance to decay. Where not subject to water splash or to exterior moisture and located on concrete having @ minimum thickness of 75 mm with an impervious membrane installed between conerete and earth, the wood may be untreated and of any species. Where planter boxes are installed adjacent to wood frame walls, a 50-mm air space shall at least be provided between the planter and the wall. Flashing shall be installed when the air space is less than 150 mm in width, Where flashing is used, provisions shall be made to permit circulation of the air in the air space. The wood frame shall be provided with an exterior wall covering conforming to the provisions of Section 609. 605.9 Wood Supporting Roofs and Floors ‘Wood structural members supporting concrete or masonry slabs which are permeable to moisture and are exposed to the weather shall be approved wood of natural resistance to decay or treated wood unless separated from such floors or roofs by an impervious moisture barrier. 605.10 Moisture Content of Treated Wood When wood which has been pressure-treated with a water-born preservative is used in enclosed locations where drying in service cannot readily oecut, such wood rust have a moisture content of 19 percent or less before being covered with insulation, interior wall finish floor covering or other materials. 605.11 Retaining Walls ‘All wood used as permanent parts of retaining or eriby ‘walls shall be treated wooo. 605.12 Weather Exposure ‘Those portions of glued-laminated timbers that form the structural supports of a building or other structure and ‘which are exposed to weather and not properly protected by a roof or eave overhangs of similar covering, shall be pressure-treated with an approved preservative or be ‘manufactured from wood of natural resistance to decay. CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-11 All wood structural panels, when designed to be exposed in outdoor application, shall be of exterior type, except as provided in Section 605.2 In geographical areas where experience has demonstrated f specific need, approved wood of natural resistance to decay or treated wood shall be used for those structural components of buildings or similar permanent building appurtenances when such members are exposed to the ‘weather and are without adequate protection provided by a roof, eave, overhang or other covering against moisture ‘or water accumulation on the surface or at joints between members, Such members may include: horizontal members such as girders, joists and decking; or vertical members such as posts, poles and columns; or both horizontal and vertical members. (605.13 Water Spla: Where wood-frame walls and partitions are covered on the interior with plaster, tile or similar materials and are subject to water splash, the framing shall be protected with approved waterproofing, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 20166-12 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 606.1 Dead Load Wood members shall not be used to permanently support dead load of any masonry oF concrete except in cases listed below or allowed by relevant sections of NS Volume {11 - Housing Exceptions 1. Masonry or concrete non-structural floor or roof surfacing not more than 100 mm thick may: be supported by wood members. 2. Any structure may rest upan wood piles constructed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 3 on “Earthworks and Foundations" 3. Veneer of brick or conerete stone may be supported by approved treated wood foundations when the ‘maximum height of veneer does not exceed 9.0 m ‘above the foundations. Such veneer wed as an interior wall finish may also be supported on wood ‘floors which are designed to support the additional Toad, and be designed t0 limit the deflection and shrinkage 10 1/600 of the span of the supporting members. 4. Wood may be used to support glass block masonry having an installed weight of 98 kg/nt or less. When glass block is supported on wood floors, the floors ‘shall be designed to limit deflection and shrinkage to 1/600 of the span of the supporting members and the allowable stresses for the framing members shall be reduced in accordance with Section 615.3.4. (606.2 Horizontal Force Wood members shall not be used to resist horizontal forces contributed by masonry or conerete construction in buildings over one story in height except where allowed by provisions of Section 614.2 of this chapter. SECTION 607 WALL FRAMING The framing of exterior and interior walis shall be in accordance with provisions specified in Section 620 unless a specific design is furnished. Wood studs, walls and bearing partitions shall not support more than two floors and a roof unless an analysis satisfactory to the building official shows that shrinkage of wood framing will not have adverse effect upon the structure nor any plumbing, electrical, mechanical systems nor other equipment installed therein due to the excessive shrinkage of differential movements caused by shrinkage. ‘The analysis shall also show that the roof drainage system and the foregoing systems or equipment will not be adversely affected or, as an altemate, such systems shal! be designed to accommodate the differential shrinkage or movements. ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)SECTION 608 = = FLOOR FRAMING We Fr Wood-joisted floors shall be framed and constructed and anchored to supporting wood stud or masonry walls. Fire block and draft stops shall be in accordance with the following provisions: In combustible construction, fire blocks and draft regulators shall be installed to cut off all concealed 2M-W 16 500 400 i 20 600 600 2M 20 500 300 “All panels are continucus ver Ovo or more spans. Floor sheathing conforming 1o this table shall be deemed to meet the design criteria of Section 611. Uniform deflection imitation: 1/360 ofthe span wader 4.8 KNIn? minimum load. Edges shal have tngue-and-groove joints oF shal be supported with blocking. The tongue-and: groove panels are installed with the long dimension perpendicular to supports A finish wearing surface i toe applied othe top ofthe pane. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume J, 7th Edition, 20166-22 CHAPTER 6~- Wood ‘A laminated lumber floor or deck built up of wood ‘members set on edge, when meeting the following requirements, may be designed as a solid floor or roof deck of the same thickness and continuous span may be designed on the basis of the full cross section using the simple span moment coefficient. Nail length shall not be less than 2% times the net thickness of each lamination. When deck supports arc 1.20 m on center or less, side nails shall be spaced not more than 750 mm on center and staggered one-third of the spacing in adjacent laminations. When supports are spaced more than 1.20 m on center, side nails shall be spaced not more than 450 mm on center alternately near ‘top and bottom edges, and also staggered one-third of the spacing in adjacent laminations. Two side nails shall be used at each end of butt-jointed pieces. Laminations shall be toe-nailed to supports with 100 mm of larger common nails, When supports are 1.20 m on center of less, alternate laminations shall be toe-nailed to alternate supports; when supports are spaced more than 1.20 m on center, alternate laminations shall be toe-nailed to every support. ‘A single-span deck shall have all Laminations full length. ‘A continuous deck of two spans shall not have more than ‘one splice every fourth lamination and placed within ‘quarter spans of adjoining supports Joints shall be closely butted over supports or staggered ‘across the deck but within the adjoining quarter spans. shall be spliced more than twice in any Where post and beam or girder construction is used, the design shall be in accordance with the provisions of this ‘apter. Positive connection shall be provided to ensure against uplift and lateral displacement. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)PART II - REQUIREMENTS, APPLICABLE TO DESIGN OF WIND AND EARTHQUAKE LOAD- RESISTING SYSTEMS SECTION 614 ‘WOOD SHEAR WALLS AND DIAPHRAGMS 614.1 General Unless permitted by the Building Official or by relevant provisions of NSCP Volume III - Housing, use of wood shear walls and diaphragms shall be limited to | to 2-story dwellings. Where applicable, succeeding provisions of this Section shall be used as bases for their design, Particleboard vertical diaphragms and lumber and wood structural panel horizontal and vertical diaphragms may be used to resist horizontal forces in horizontal and vertical distributing or resisting elements, provided the deflection in the plane of the diaphragms, as determined by calculations, tests or analogies drawn therefrom, does not exceed the permissible deflection of attached distributing or resisting elements, Permissible deflection shall be that deflection up to which a diaphragm and any attached distributing or resisting element will maintain its structural integrity under assumed load conditions, i.e. continue to support assumed loads without danger to occupant of the structure, Connections and anchorages capable of resisting the design forces shall be provided between the diaphragms and the resisting elements, Openings in diaphragms which ‘materially affect their strength shall be fully detailed on the plans and shall have their edges adequately reinforced to transfer all shearing stresses, Size and shape of each horizontal diaphragm and shear wall shall be limited as set forth in Table 614.1-1. The hicight of a shear wall shall be defined as: 1, The maximum clear height from foundation 10 bottom of diaphragm framing above, or ‘The maximum clear height from top of diaphragm to bottom of diaphragm framing above, ‘The width of a shear wall shall be defined as the width of sheathing, CHAPTER 6 ~Wood 6-23 Where shear walls with openings are designed for Force transfer around the openings, the limitations of Table 614.1-1 shall apply to the overall shear wall including openings and to each wall pier at the side of an ‘opening. The height of a wall pier shall be defined as the clear height of the pier at the side of an opening. The ‘width of a wall pier shall be defined as the sheathed width Of the pier at the side of an opening, Design for force transfer shall be based on a rational analysis. Table 614.1-I Maximum Diaphragm Dimension Ratios THorizontal | Vertical Diaphragms _| Diaphragms Material | Maximm — | ~ Maxim Span-Wiath | Height-Width Ratios Ratios Bago ang maar 2, Diagonal sheathing, i 7 speciat 3. Wood siactara panels and particleboard, mailed 4a 2? alledges | 4 Wood stuctural panels — and particleboard, : blocking omitted at “ intermediate joints, Tn Seismic Zane 2, the manna ratio may be 2:7 In Seismic Zone 2, the macinsum ratio may be 31:1, Not permitted. In buildings of wood-frame construction where rotation is provided for, the depth of the diaphragm normal to the ‘open side shall not exceed 7.50 m or two-thirds the diaphragm width, whichever is the smaller depth, Straight sheathing shall not be permitted to resist shears in diaphragms acting in rotation, Exceptions: 1. One-story, woodsframed structures with the depth normal to the open side not greater than 7.50 m, may hhave a depth equal to the width 2. Where calculations show that diaphragm deflections can be tolerated, the depth normal to the open end may be increased to a depth-to-width ratio not ‘greater than 1¥5:1 for diagonal sheathing or 2:1 for special diagonal sheathed or plywood "or articleboard diaphragms. In masonry or conerete buildings, lumber and wood structural panel diaphragms shall not be considered as transmitting lateral forces by rotation. National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 2016Fe 6-24 CHAPTER 6- Wood Diaphtagm sheathing nails oF other approved sheathing connectors shall be driven flush but shall not fracture the surface of the sheathing. 614.2 Wood Members Resisting Horizontal Forces Contributed by Masonry and Concrete Wood members shall not be used to resist horizontal Torees contributed by masonry of conerete construction in buildings over one story in height. Exceptions: 1 Wood floor and roof members may be used in orizonal trusses and diaphragms {0 resist horizontal forces imposed by wind, earthquake or earth pressure, provided such forces are not resisted by rotation of the truss or diaphragm. 2. Vertical wood structural panel-sheathed shear swals may: be used 10 provide resistance 10 wind OF earthquake forces In two-story buildings of ‘masonry or concrete construction, provided the following requirements are met ‘a. Story-to-story wall heights shall not exceed 3.6m. 1b. Horizontal diaphragm shall not be considered 10 transmit lateral forces by rotation or cantilever action. ¢ Deflection of horizontal and vertical diaphragms shall not permit per-story deflection of supported masonry or concrete ‘walls. to exceed 0.0025 times each story height. Wood structural panel sheathing in horizontal diaphragms shall have all tinsupported edges blocked. Wood structural jpnel sheathing for both stories of vertical Tiaphragins shell have all unsupported edges ‘blocked and for the lower-story walls shall Ihave a minimum thickness of 12 mm. ‘e There shall be no out-of-plane horizontal “offsets between the frst and second stories of ‘wood structural panel shear wall 6143 Wood Diaphragms Wood diaphragms shall conform to the following ‘guidelines 6143.1 Conventional Lumber Diaphragm Construetion ‘Such lumber diaphragms shall be made up of 25 mm nominal sheathing boards Inid at an angle of ‘approximately 45 degrees to supports. Sheathing boards hall be directly nailed to each intermediate beating tnember with not less than two 65-mm nails for 25 mm by 150 min nominal boards and three 65-mm nails for boards 200 mm or wider, and in addition, three 65-mmo nails and our 65-mm nails shall be used for 150 mm and 200 mm ppoards, respectively, at the diaphragm boundaries. End joints in adjacent boards shall be separated by at east one jist oF stud space, and there shall be atleast two boards tpetween joints on the same support. Boundary members at edges of diaphragms shall be designed to resist direct tensile or compressive chord stresses and adequately tied together at comers. 6143.2 Special Lumber Diaphragm Construction Special diagonally sheathed diaphragms shall conform 10 seeventional construction and in addition, shall have all SRUments designed in conformance with the provisions of this chapter. Each chord or portion thereof maybe considered @ beam foaded with uniform load per meter equal 10 50 percent of the unit shear due t0 diaphragm action. The Toad shall be assumed as ating normal tothe chord, in the plane of the diaphragm and either towards or away From the diaphragm. ‘The span of chord, or portion thereof, shall be the distance ‘between structural members of the diaphragm such as the joists, studs and blocking, which serve to transfer the ‘assumed load to the sheathing. Special diagonally sheathed diaphragms, shall clade sBoventional diaphragms sheathed with ovo layers of STagonal sheathing at 90 degrees to each other and on the same face of the supporting members “association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)614.3.3 Wood Structural Pane! Diaphragm Horizontal and vertical diaphragms sheathed with wood structural panels may be used to resist horizontal forces for horizontal diaphragm and for vertical diaphragms, or may be calculated by principles of mechanics without limitation by using values of nail strength and. wood stractual panel shear values as specified elsewhere inthis, chapter. Wood structural panels for horizontal diaphragms shall be as sot forth in Tables 611.1-2 and 6111-3 for corresponding joist spacing and loads. Wood structural panels inshear walls shall be at least 8 mm thick for studs, spaced 400 mm on center and 9:mm thick where studs are spaced 600 mm on center. Maximum spans for wood structural panel subfloor underlayment shall be as set forth in Table 61I.1-4. Wood structural panels used for horizontal and vertical diaphragms shall conform to UBC Standard 23-2 and UBC Standard 23-3 or equivalent PNS. Alll boundary members shall be proportioned and spliced where necessary to transmit direct stresses. Framing members shall be at least 50-mm nominal in the mension to which the plywood is attached. In general, ppanel edges shall bear on the framing members and butt along their eenterlines. Nails shall be placed not less than 10 mm from the panel edge, shall be spaced not more than 150 mm on center along panel edge bearings, and shall be firmly driven into the framing members. No unblocked panels less than 300 mm wide shall be used, Diaphragms with panel edges supported in accordance with Tables 611.1-2, 611.1-3 and 611,1-4 shall not be considered as blocked diaphragms unless blocking or other means of shear transfer is provided. olds iticleboard Diaphragms Vertical diaphragms sheathed with particleboard may be used to resist horizontal forces. All boundary members shall be proportioned and spliced where necessary to transmit direct stresses. Framing members shall be at least S0-mm nominal in. the dimension to which the particleboard is attached. In general, pancl edges shall bear on the framing members and butt along their centerfines. Nails shall be placed not less than 10 mm from the panel edge, shall be spaced not more than 150 mm on center along pane! edge bearings, and shall be firmly driven into the framing members. Unblocked panels less than 300 mm wide shall not be allowed or used. CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-25 Diaphragms with panel edges supported in accordance with Table 611.1-4 shall not be considered as blocked diaphragms unless blocking or other means of shear transfer is provided. 614.5 Wood Shear Walls and Diaphragms in Seismic Zone 4 Section 614.5.1 to 614.5.5 shall be used for wooden shear walls and diaphragms design in Seismic Zone 4 areas, 614.51 Seope Design and construction of wood shear walls and diaphragms in Seismic Zone 4, as allowed by provisions of Section 614.1 and NSCP Volume III - Housing, shall conform to the requirements ofthis section 6148.2 Framing Collector members shall be provided to transmit tension ‘and compression forces. Perimeter members at openings shall be provided and shall be detailed to distribute the shearing stresses. Diaphragm sheathing shall not be used to splice these members. Diaphragm chords and ties shall be placed in, or tangent to, the plane of the diaphragm framing unless it ean be ‘demonstrated that the moments, shear and deflections and ‘deformations resulting from other arrangements can be tolerated. 6148.3 Wood Structural Panel Wood structural panels shall be manufactured using exterior glue. Wood structural pane! diaphragms and shear walls shall be constructed with wood structural panel sheets not less than 1.20 m by 2.40 m, except at boundaries and changes in framing where minimum sheet dimension shall be 600 mm unless all edges of the undersized sheets are supported by Framing members or blocking. Framing members or blocking shall be provided at the ‘edges of all sheets in shear walls. Wood structural panel sheathing may be used for splicing members, other than those noted in Section 614.5.2, where the additional nailing required to develop the transfer of forces wall not cause eross-grain bending or cross-grain tension in the nailed member. National Structural Code of the Philipines Volume I, 7th Edition, 20166-26 CHAPTER 6— Wood 614.54 Heavy Wood Panels Diagonally sheathed panels utilizing S0-mm nominal boards may be used Lo resist the same permissible shear as 2$-mm nominal lumber, except that 90 mm nails shall be tused instead of 65 mm, Panels utilizing straight decking overlaid with plywood may be used to resist shear forces using the same shear values as permitted for the wood structural panel alone. Wood structural panel joints paralle! to the decking shall be located at least 25 mm offset from any parallel decking joint. Heavy decking panels utilizing dowel pins, or vertically laminated panels connected by railing units to one nother, resist shear forces based on the permissible shear values of their connectors 614.55 Particleboard Particleboard shall not be less than Type M “Exterior Glue”. ‘Shear walls shatl be sheathed with particleboard sheets not less than 1.20 m by 2.40 m exept at boundaries and ‘changes in fiaming. The required nail size and spacing in ‘Table 619.3-1 apply to panel edges only. All panel edges shall be backed with 50 mm nominal or wider framing, Sheets are permitted 10 be installed either horizontally or vertically, For 10-mm particleboard sheets installed with the long dimension parallel to the studs spaced 600 mm ‘couter, nails shall be spaced at 150-mm on center along, {intermediate framing members. For all other conditions, hails of the same size shall be spaced at 300 mm on center along intermediate framing members, 614.6 Fiberboard Sheathing Diaphragms Wood stud walls sheathed with fiberboard sheathing may be used to resist horizontal forces not exceeding those set forth in this chapter, The fiberboard sheathing, 1.2. m by 2.4 m, shal be applied vertically to wood studs not less than 30 mm nominal in thickness spaced 400 mm on center, Nailing shown in Table 614.6-1 shall be provided ft the perimeter of the sheathing boart and at the iinermediate studs, Blocking of not Tess than 50-mm trominal thickness shall be provided at horizontal joints tv wall height exceeds length of sheathing panel, and Sheathing, shall be fastened 10 the blocking with nails Sized as shown in Table 616.6-1 spaced 75 mm on centers, teach side of joint. Nails shall be spaced not less than 10 mim from edges and ends of sheathing. Marginal studs of ‘Shear walls or shear-tessting elements shall be adequately fnchored atthe top and bottom and designed to resist all forces. The maxinium height-width ratio shall be 14: “Table 614.61 Allowable Shears for Wind or Seismic Loading on Vertical Diaphragms of Tiberboard Sheathing Board for ‘Type V Construction Only’ Shear Value in 75 mm Nail Spacing Nail Size “Around Perimeter and [50 mm at Intermediate Points, (N/mm) Tx 10) x 2400 mm | Galvanized roofing nail 40 mm Tong, 10 mm head 182 3x 1200x2400 mm | Galvanized roofing nail 45 mm Tong, 10 mm head 256 “Fberboard sheathing diaphragms shal not be wed to brace conerete or masonry wall 2 The shear value may be 780 N for 12 by 1200 by 2400 mm fiberboard nail-base sheathing SS a ea ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)SECTION 615 DESIGN VALUES FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS 615.1 General 615.1.1 General Requirement Fach wood structural member or connection shall be of sufficient size and capacity to carry the applied loads without exceeding the adjusted design values specified herein, Calculation of adjusted design values shall be determined using the applicable adjustment factors specified herein, 615.1.2 Responsibility of Designer to Adjust for Conditions of Use Adjusted design values for wood members and connections in particular end uses shall be appropriate for the conditions under which the wood is used, taking into account the differences in wood strength properties with different moisture contents, lond durations, and types of (reatment, Common end use conditions are addressed in this Specification. I¢ shall be the final responsibility of the designer to relate design assumptions and reference design values, and to make design value adjustments appropriate tothe end use. 6152 Reference Design Values Reference design values are set forth in Table 615.2-1 Stress grading may be based on Table 615.2-3. Design value adjustments for wood products are based on ‘methods specified in each of the wood product sections. Sections 617 to 618 contain design provisions for sawn umber and glued laminated timber. Section 619 contains design provisions for connections. Reference design values are for normal load duration under the moisture service conditions specified. 6153 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 6153.1 Applicability of Adjustment Factors Reference design values shall be multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors to determine adjusted design values. The applicability of adjustment factors For sawn lumber and structural glued laminated timber is defined in Section 617 t0 618. CHAPTER 6 Wood 6-27 6153.2 Load Duration Factor, Cy 618.3.2.1 Wood has the property of carrying substantially greater maximum loads for short durations than for long. durations of loading. Reference design values apply to normal load duration, Normal load duration represents a load that fully stresses a member to its allowable design value by the application of the full design load for a ‘cumulative duration of approximately ten years, When the ‘cumulative duration of the full maximum load does not exceed the specified time period, all reference design values except moclulus of elasticity, E, modulus of elasticity for beam and column stability, Eyig, and compression perpendicular to grain, Fc , based on a deformation limit (see 617.2.6) shall be multiplied by the appropriate load duration factor, Cp, from Table 6153-1 {0 fake into account the change in strength of wood with changes in load duration 615.3.2.2 The load duration factor, Ep, for the shortest duration load in a combination of loads shall apply for that load combination. All applicable load combinations shall be evaluated to determine the critical load combination, Design of structural members and connections shall be based on the critical load combination, 615.3.2.3 The load duration factors, Cp, in Table 615.3-1 are independent of load combination factors, and both shall be permitted to be used in design calculations. Table 615.3-1. Load Duration Factors', Cy “Load Duration | Cp | Typical Design Loads [ Permanent | “0.9 Dead Load a Ten years 1.0 | Oseupancy Live Load Seven days | 1.25 Construction Load ‘One diy | 1.33] Earthquake Load One day 735] Wind Load (Connections and Fasteners only) ‘Ten minutes: 1.60 | Wind Load (members) Tmipact™ ZO} Impact Load "When wing the Aliemative Basie Load Combinations of Chapter 2, the one-thind increase shall not be used Linear interpolation benscen values for 80% Siress Grade and 30% Stress Grade may be used t0 determine values forthe 63% Stress Grade ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-35 Table 6152-2 (Contd) Reference Values for Visually Stress-Graded Unseasoned Structural Timber of Philippine Woods! ‘Adiional Species $074 STRESS GRADE 507% STRESS GRADE (Common and Botanica Names) mrp! fe [fm [eh eAl! [ele - MPo | Gra [MPa | MPa | MPa | MPa | GPa | MPa | MPa [MPa 1 Medim tenth Group on) 2. Leek Spece (cn) FAliinccnanatCasannsstiinenss—Y igon gop | 90 | 224 | 2s | a76 | a1 | 306 | vas | 10 Sevimin Sve beviyam H.Rob) Men} | var | 40a | | ar | a0 | wose |] ase f= | sae | oar Soni Cin spcifonm Bun F)Mer} J ast | 42s | eas | as om | 206 | 250 | 19 | a raos} aan f= | vay fare | rs | 26 f= caw | oe Tana Kiso nia L vsoef aat | sos | 247 | 91 | 999 | aso | ar | uss’ | 20 in ions ein iy Reh] vsst | 50» as f26 [rire | ss | | 2m | 164 Uningsin Fain iniora 154 | 539 | ase | asi | 10 | 968 | 337 fiz | 16 | ise a vost | 5x2 | oa | gs | 212 fra | 39 | 34 | 16 | as Punatin Spec Asia agi Wl rsst | 560 | 136 | 249 | 195 | 970 | aso | 4 | 156 | 122 Nana tcp copys mk) ross | s26 | 04 | 200 | 132 | ross | 320 | aao | 27 | 120 RoerredgumExabpuscimaisienisdstony | 162] ie | - | a4 J usr from | ase | | ane | oo TeskTestn ri) rs9t | age | ass | 281 | 200 | rns | ase | 508 | a6 | 126 Additional Species to Table 615.2-1 * Linear interpolation berween values for 80% Stress Grade and SO Stress Grate may be used to determine values for the 63% Stress Grade National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156.36 CHAPTER 6 ~ Wood sable 618.22 (Con) Reference Vales for Visually Sres-Graded Unsetsoned Sutra! Tinbet of PEATE Woods!* r ‘Aaiional Spies Wye STRESS GRADE 1% STRESS GRADE {Common and Botanical Names) nepeLe |e] [ery ee i wits} Gre] Ms MPa [MPs [MPa [GPs] MPa a Iv, Moderately Low Streagth Group ‘Alma (Shores anon Foss) usar | ate | sae | toa] tar | 937 J 99s | 349 | 1m | ose Anabing roars vais Blanco) vous | 401 | sae | aap | var | iar | 25s | 334] 20 | a7 Baling (Lise eens Mer.) yaar | 436 | 6os | sar | 136 | 833 | aoe } 30 | os | ans Dalit Canara isu taar | sz | 46 | 121 | tax | 726 | 220 | 290 | 025 | one Wit Form maint (Las 1. Lam ; «3 tenons inrenanwrrinness aor | ae | ae | 28 | 18 rai | 309 | 266 | 077 | 091 ovo Aghia erzenten Blame) teas | sso | 43 | 1so | 142 | ross | a4e ] 302 | oot | a9 us Sto pine) Sy] teat { ag7 | sso | rot | tae} saa fant } 340 ] 100 | 090 Lois Dantas mols Bam) eo | 17 | ast | 130 J utr | sao | uaz | 2ez | oat | 0 Mangpsior (Shore asia eat | sos | sis | ase [sao | am ] ssa } 320 | 096 | oar Dye sp. phipinensi Brn) Sy : ~ We | = - Se i nmentoerwwonentacy | veas | 330 | ss7 [iss [sas [90s 380 | 388 1 0) Ot Mayans Shore loses (Blane) Mer. veao | sat | s20 | 153 ] tae | 912 | 369 | 32s | 096 | 08 Pmom Campamemanum sean | sn | ae | ce | 28 | 28 gas | 297 | are | vas | ize Fan Bsc ain am) sas | are | 466 | aro | 190 | 922 | 259 | 291 | ase | oe shorn voea | eas | ze | roe | tas | a7 | soa | 206 | 065 | o72 B.teser-Krown Specs vong ini toa) site | so | 37s | sas | 130 | ran | 230 | 226 | 050 | ost ptt ga Sui soncu (Vid) Mr] ‘ + | tae | uss . ose | 097 Daur ain moamntocra | yion {ass | | 14s [aa | ror | 2x9 | = [am | om pone] See (es bate Mer) vasa | sa0 aso | 122 | s6s | 325 | = J ase | tos balboa pais Tr) voa9 | an diz | ama | soar | ase | = | 29s | 126 payokPersprma ein l=) eee [ago | sar fae | 14s | 96s | are | sae | 106 | 090 ap bjoan (repens Vid) tase | age | sez | tas | 129 | sas | 203 | ast | oor | ost Fonatoicrnghnars L)Moetargs — | 979 | 339 tay | tar | oi | 22 | - | oo | os uuu (Exocsrs agate L) far | san | see | 140 | 133 | 66s | 212 | 230 | 087 | os Dotsan isi pens am) wey [ace |. | 192 | ts | sas fare f= | 120] eae (nemesis |x J at | aus [2 | 2m | oe | a9 | om tao | aas Keren) | aap | ase | at | is) | 2 | oe am | 266 | 09s | 08 Teaasmnntanmonsy cnn ay | at | aa |v | rt | a aoe | 2as | 102 | 097 C.rlanaton Species ars eh Blane) sin | aos | aso | 12s | tos | 132 | 253 | 300 | 077 | 098 Dias (Dut sbi Me) thaw | a0 | sas | tan J raz | sor | 306 [2 [sas | 089 a vmmtene nk) Matava) | 1119 | 391 | 32x | 299 | 467 ] 696 J 245) aan) 187 ) a eretoumtyner! [tise | 291 | 302 | vas | at | ra | vat | 236 | oo [om T dtional Species Table 6152-1 1 Aone pei one we for 8% Sess Grade and SO Stet Grade maybe seo determine wus or he 63% Stress Grade ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER ® Wood 6:37 Table615.2-2 (Con Reference Vals for Visually Ses ried Unseen Sts Tnb of lipo Woods? Final Spi re STRESS GRADE 5, STRUSS GRADE (Conon nd Boal Nae ELE TE [mR ARL ee] MPa | GPa | MPa | MPs | MPa | MPa | GPa | MPa | MPa | MPa tay renin Groep 1 Commerc pce Hama ttnina stan Mer) —— | 28 J sas | 222 for | ame | aa7 [sas | 139 | oas | oat Tang (Shs ot Dyer Bods) tise | 497 | aoe | oat | tay | raz | su | 2s: | esr | on Laser Known ee dong mn tl) sso | 236 | 246 | sor | toe | 348 fase | ase | 008 | oo ngs ah) soar | aye fam | ose bas | 23s | ase | 096 | son Darl ttc Wall) bor [2s] - | os fon J am | 34 os | aso Bong Onenee ataa Mi) vom | ase | ai fore | ass | sex f 2ae ] rae | our | ass DiafAbioachobi(.) sarin | | 035 | oso | 2m | 120 | | oat | 050 tyr sta vous | 342 | ase] tae | ox6 | 63s | ate | aan | eas | ose Kaiam ahora mat) avin) — | 137 | 436 | 4ae | 096 | 12m | r10 | ax | 266 | oso | oan pag ee es Veins Pe 4x2 | se] = | 06 | ors | 270 | 097 | = | 040 | 049 eo) {Cao Spec wa ves fas | am | ioe | vam | oor fase [ars fast fun nO promi CH as far | s6s | 90 sax firs | a fom | Bays em pL) ross o6 | fo | | nse | tes : tmgnetComgroseanantoacce | || | mye ye ‘hee Gena st Men) ves | 206 | am | 2x6] soe | oar | ass | aa | ran | oo Kzoo mt cairabnsneis@ami) | sop | 277 | 329 | ua | aap | om | ars | 200 | eas | oss Kapa xi etna) Ga] ar | iss | aay | or | 008 | 267 | os | 12s | oss | 02» Limb ar ce.) WR) 9 | 2m fi | on | oa | aon | iss | aa | oat | oss suppePa aon ae) seen) | ose | aoe | 28 | oor | sar | oma | ass | sar | ost | a7 NobncnoufPosrintes tar tym) | 078 | 347 | aas | usr | iar | 672 | 2@ | 265 | a7 | ors Sythe tL) tose | sat J aaz | rar [a0 | ee J 236 | 26 | ase | ors Tein Aint cmpatatewy) | 606 | vas | 220 | o4s | ov | a7» | or | ras | 059 | oor 7 tional Species to Table 615.27 2 Linear interpolation between values for 89% Stress Grade and 50% Siess Grade may be wsed to determine values for the 63% Stress Grade National Structural Code of the Philipines Volume I, 7th Edition, First Printing, 2015,6-98 CHAPTER 6 ~ Wood Table 615.2-3. Limits of Defects by Grade in Joists and Planks for Seasoned Wood Kind of Defects | — aot cms 3% 6 3% A Natural Deters 1. Worm holes, average diameter (maximum allowable size in mm) a. Individual [Not permitted 2 6 b, Quantity limitation [Not permitted Not clustered Not clustered 2, Slope of Grain (maximum variation in 2» 25 2 rm from longitudinal axis per 300 mm within middle halof Fength) 3, Checks and Shakes 4. Size of each check and shake, ot Vol thickness vot thickness iy of thickness i'n combination, the sum of the sizes ofall checks and shakes ‘within middle half of depth ofthe piece shall not exceed: b, End penetration: Checks and of thickness of thickness of thickness splits atthe mile half of the ‘depth ofthe piece shall not extend a distance greater than 4. Knots (Maximum allowable size of N Nonow N dividual knoe ms) face or on face or on face or on edge of ‘edge of cdge oF wide face, | Along | widetface, | Along | wide face, ] Along Within the | centerline | within the | centerline | within the | center fine ‘middle | ofwide | middle | -ofwide | middle |, of wide thindor | face | thiedot | fece | third of | fave length of, length of length of "Nominal width of face, in mm ieee plese plese 50 @ 7 7 5 2 20 25 100 20 20 25 40 40 38 12s 2s 25 30 40 50 50 150 30 30 45 50 oo 0 200 35 0 30 60 70 15 250 40 50 55 80 80 100 300 45 5s 65 90 90 Lo 330 30 65 0 100 9s as 400 50 0 18 100 100 Ls 450 and over 0 ia 15 100 100 1s “heste of hots om the narrow fce within the mile third of length maybe increased proportionately towards the ends ofthe piece of vice Tite poet onthe narrows face bu no to exceed tha allowable along the centerline ofthe wide face The sie of nots onthe ede of iri iace wh the mike third of length may be inereaed proportionately towards the center ofthe wide face and towards the ends ofthe sith ace permited along the enter ie ofthe wide ace. The sum ofthe sizes of al knot in any 150 mw of length of he pece rit pot excoad nvice the maximum permissible sizeof knot. Two knots of maximum size shal ot be allowed in the same 150 mm of ergth ‘om any face. Cluster knoe and kts tn group sll not be permitted Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6—Wood 6.39 Table 615.2-3 (cont'd) Limits of Defects by Grade in Joists and Planks for Seasoned Wood ‘Siress Grade Kind of Defects = oa 0% BL Handling, Manufacture or Processing Defects 1. Wane (maximum allowable size in mm) ‘Nominal face dimension in mm 50 3 2 R 15 3 2 2 100 6 1s Is 125 6 15 1s 130 10 20 20 200 2 2 25 250 1s 25 30 300 18 28 38 350 20 38 45 400 25 45 50 450 and over 30 50 35 2. Torn grain (allowable depth in mm) 2 2 3 3. Skips, allowable size not to exceed: surface area (Width x length, mm) ‘width x 100 ‘width x 100) ‘width x 100) Depth (mm) 1 2 3 Quanity 1 skip per 5 m or 1 skip per S mor | skip per S mor shorter length shorter length shorter length National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Esition, First Printing, 2016eeaeor—™=—————,—rc( llhltltltttt~—~—C—C 6-40 CHAPTER 6~ Wood SECTION 616 DESIGN PROVISIONS AND EQUATIONS 616.1 General 616.1. Scope ‘This section establishes general design provisions that apply to all wood structural members and connections covered under this Specification. Each wood structs) tmomber or connection shall be of sufficient sized and Capacity to carry the applied loads without exceeding (he adjusted design values specified herein. 616.1.2 Net Seetion Area 616:1.2.1 The net section area is obtained by deducting From the gross area the projected area of all material removed by boring, grooving, dapping, notching oF other teans, The net section area shall be used in calculating, the load carrying capacity of the member, except a specified in 61663 for columns. The effects of any areentriity of loads applied to the member at the eritcal ‘net section shall be taken into account 616.122 For paraltel to grain loading with staggered bolts, adrift bolts, drift pins, or lag. serews, adjacent fasteners shall be considered as occurring at the same critical section if the parallel to grain spacing between fasteners in adjacent rows is fess than four fastener diameters (see Figure 616.1-1)- Figure 616.1-1. Spacing of Staggered Fasteners (616.1.23 The net section arce at a split ring or shear plate connection shall be determined by deducting from the fos section are the projected areas ofthe bot ole and the split ring or shear plate groove within the member (see Figure 6161-2). Where split ring or shear plate connectors are staggered, adjacent connectors shall be considered as oceurring at the same critical seetion if the parallel to grain spacing between connectors in adjacent Fows is Tess than of equal to one connector diameter (see ‘igure 616.1-1): Figure 616.1-2 Net Cross Seetion ata Split Ring oF Shear Plate Connection 616.1.3 Connections Structural members and fasteners shall be aranged symmetrically at connections, unless the bending moment induced by an unsymmetrical arrangement (such as Tapped joints) has been accounted for in the design Connections shall be designed and fabricated to insure that each individual member carries its proportional stress . 616.14 Time Dependent Deformations Where members of structural frames are composed of two ‘og more layers of sections, the effect of time dependent deformations shall be accounted for in the design (see 6165.2) 616.15 Composite Construction Composite constructions, such a8 wood-conerete, wood: ‘eel, and wood-wood composites, shall be designed in accordance with principles of engineering mechanics tsing the adjusted design values for structural members ‘and connections specified herein. ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Phiippines, nc. (ASEP)616.2 Bending Members - General 616.2.1 Span of Bending Members For simple, continuous and cantilevered bending members, the span shall be taken as the distance from face to face of support, plus one half the requited bearing length at each end 616.2.2 Lateral Distribution of Concentrated Load Lateral distribution of concentrated loads from a critically loaded bending member to adjacent parallel bending members by flooring or other cross members shall be permitted to be calculated when determining design bending moment and vertical shear foree. 616.2.3 Notches 616.23.1 Bending members shall not be notched except as permitted by 617.4.3 and 6184.5, A gradual taper cut from the reduced depth of the member tothe full depth of | the member in lieu of a square-comered notch reduces stress concentrations. 616.2.3.2 The stiffness of a bending member, as determined from its cross-section, is _ practically unaffected by a notch withthe following dimensions: notch depth << (1/6)(beam depth) noteh length << _(1/3 (beam depth) 616.2.3.3 See 616.43 for effect of notches on shear strength, 6163 Bending Members ~ Flexure 6163.1 Strength in Bending ‘The actual bending stress or moment shall not exceed the adjusted bending design value, 616.3.2 Flexural Design Equations 616.3.2.1 The actual bending stress induced by a bending, ‘moment, M, is calculated as follows: eee (616-1) fi rs For a rectangular bending member of breadth, b, and depth, this becomes: CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-41 M hes (616-2) oo ba? 6163.2. For soit racangular bending members with theneutal ai pepenutr to dep at enter: = SS = moment of inertia, mm* 616-3) 1 tof inertia, mm (616-3) section modulus,mm’ (616-4) 6163.3 Beam Stability Factor, C, 616.3.3.1 When the depth of a bending member does not exceed its breadth,d b, Isteral supports shall be provided at points of bearing to prevent rotation, When such lateral support is provided at points of bearing, but no additional lateral support is provided throughout the length of the bending member, the unsupported length, @, is the distance between such points of end bearing, or the length of a cantilever. When a bending, member is provided with lateral support to prevent rotation at intermediate points as well as at the ends, the unsupported length, fy, is the distance between such points of intermediate lateral support. 616.3.3.5 The effective span length, #,, for single span oor cantilever bending members shall be determined in accordance with Table 616.31 616.3.3.6 The slendemess ratio, Rg, for bending members shall be calculated as follows: tod Be (616-5) Rp National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156-42 CHAPTER 6- Wood {616,3.3.7 The stendemess ratio for bending members, where: Rg, shall not exceed 50. Fj, = Reference bending design value multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors except 6163.38 When lateral support to compression side of Chur Cynand Cy, MPa beam may permit beam to buekle laterally, the beam Fog Gulerbosed WSD ical buckling value stability factor, Cy, shall be calculated as follows for bending members 1.20E yin’ Lt Foe/Fi) 7 19) 616.339 Members subjected to flexure about both 16-6) principal axes (biaxial bending) shall be designed in accordance with 6169.2. Table 616.3-1 Effective Length, f,, for Bending Members Cantilever where @,/d <7 where @,/d = 7 ‘Uniformly distributed Toad f= 1.338, 2, = 0.906, + 3d Coneentrated foad at unsupported end = 1.876, = LAE, + 3d ‘Single Span Beam'* where &y/d <7 where &y/d 27 Tniformly distributed load 7, = 2.066, 7, = 1.680, 43d ‘Concentrated load at center with no - intermediate lateral support £.7 1.806 = 137 43d | Concentrated load at center with lateral suppor rarerrs at center Tivo equal concentrated Toads at 173 points with an Iateral support at 1/3 points THe equal concentrated loads at 1/4 points ‘with lateral support at 1/4 points fe = 1540 Four equal concentrated Toads a 1/5 points with lateral support at US points fe = 1.6804 Five equal concentrated foads at 176 points with ae lateral support at 1/6 points is Tix equal concentrated loads at 177 points with lateral support at 1/7 points fe = 1.78 Seven oF more equal Concentrated Toads, evenly ‘spaced, with Lateral support at points oF = 184, load application Fiqual end moments 2, = 184, $= 2.068, where fy/4<7 4, = 1.638, 43d whee 7S 4/5143 f= 1.848, where b/d > 14.3 For ingle spun or eantilever bending members wit loading conditions not peifed in Tale 616.31 > Multiple span applications sal be based on table values or engineering analysis. ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)6164 Bending Members ~ Shear 6164.1 Strength in Shear Parallel to Grain (Horizontal Shear) 616.4.1.1 The actual shear stress parallel to grain or shear force at any cross section of the bending member shall not exceed the adjusted shear design value. A check of the strength of wood bending members in shear perpendicular to grain is not required, 616.4.1.2 The shear design procedures specified here in for calculating f,, at or near points of vertical support are limited to solid flexural members such as sawn lumber, structural glued laminated timber, structural composite umber, or mechanically laminated timber beams. Shear sign at supports for built-up components. containing load-bearing connections at or near points of support, such as between the web and chord of a truss, shall be based on test or other techniques. 616.42 Shear Design Equations “The actual shear stress parallel to grain induced ina sawn lumber, structural. glued laminated timber, structural composite lumber, or timber pole or pile bending member shall be calculated as follows va heap (616-7) For a rectangular bending member of breadth, b, and depth, d, this becomes: av fo= Faq (6168) 616.43 Shear design 616.43.1 When calculating the shear foree,V , in bending members (2) For beams supported by full bearing on one surface and loads applied to the opposite surface, uniformly istributed loads within a distance ftom supports equal to the depth of the bending member, d, shall be permitted to be ignored. For beams supported by full bearing on one surface and loads applied to the opposite surface, concentrated loads within a distance, d, from supports shall be permitted to be multiplied by x/d where x is the distance from the beam support face to the load (See Figure 616.41), CHAPTER 6 -Wood 6-43 Figure 6164-1 Shear at Supports (b) The largest single moving load shall be placed at @ distance from the support equal to the depth of the bending member, Keeping other loads in their normal relation and neglecting any load within a distance from a support equal to the depth of the bending member. This condition shall be checked at each support. (©) With two or more moving loads of about equal weight and in proximity, loads shall be placed in the position that produces the highest shear force, V, neglecting any load within a distance from a support equal to the depth of the bending member, 616.4.3.2 For notched bending members, shear force, V, shall be determined by principles of engineering mechanics (except those given in 616.4.3.1). (a) For bending members with rectangular eross section ‘and notched on the tension face (see 616.2.3), the adjusted design shear, V,' shall be calculated as follows: Bromley eo d= depth of unnotched bending member, mm, d,, = depth of member remaining at a notch ‘measured perpendicular to length of ‘member, mm F,| = adjusted shear design value parallel to grain, MPa (b) For bending members with circular cross section and notched on the tension face (sce 616.2.3), the adjusted design sheat, ,', shall be calculated as follows: National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Editon, Fist Printing, 20156-44 CHAPTER 6 - Wood Really wom ‘Ay = ctoss sectional area of notched member, mm? (6) For bending members with other than rectangular or cireular eross section and notched on the tension face (see 616.2.3), the adjusted design shear, V,', shall be based on conventional engineering analysis of stress concentrations at notches. (@) A gradual change in eross section compared with a square notch decreases the actual shear stress parallel 0 grain nearly to that computed for an unnotched bending ‘member with a depth of dy, (©) When a bending member is notched on the compression face at the end as shown in Figure 6164-2, the adjusted design shear, V,', shall be calculated as follows: ofa-(G)¢] say e = thedistance the notch extends from the inner edge of the support and must be less than or ‘equal to the depth remaining at the notch, @ < dy. Ife > dy, dy shall be used to caleulate fy using Equation 616-8 dy = depth of member remaining at a notch meeting the provisions of 616.2.3, measured perpendicular to length of member, Ifthe end of the beam is beveled, as shown by the 0.75Fe", bearing shall be on a metal plate or strap, of on other equivalently durable, rigid, homogenous material with sufficient stiffness te idistribute the applied load. Where a rigid insert is required for end-to-end bearing of compression members, it shall be equivalent to 1 mam a metal plate | mm thick or beter, inserted with a snug fit between abutting ends. 616.102. Bearing Perpendicular to Grain ‘The actual compression stress perpendicular to grain shall bbe based on the net bearing area and shall not exceed the adjusted compression design value perpendicular to grain, fos S Fes": Wheo calculating bearing area atthe ends of ‘pending members, no allowance shall be made forthe fact that as the member bends, pressure upon the inner edge of the bearing is greater than at the member end.616.10.3 Bearing a wn Angle to Grain ‘The adjusted bearing design value at an angle to grain (see Figure 616.10-1) shall be calculated as fallows: Fe'Fes’ FFs’ _ 23 ‘e sin?@ + F., cos? colez) @ = angle berwoen direction of load and direction of grain (longitudinal axis of member), degrees Figure 616.10-1 Bearing at an Angle to Grain CHAPTER 6—Wood 6-49 616.104 Bearing Area Factor, Cy Reference compression design values perpendicular to ‘rain, Fe, apply to bearings of any length at the ends of a ‘member, and (o all bearings 150 mm or more in length at any other location. For bearings less than 150 mm in length and not nearer than 75 mm to the end of a member, the reference compression design value perpendicular to grain, Fe,, shall be permitted to be multiplied by the following bearing area factor, Cy: £495 & (616-24) where: 2, = bearing length measured parallel to grain, mm Equation 616-24 gives the following bearing area factors, Cy, forthe indicated bearing length on such stall areas as, pilates and washers. “The bearing length factors, Cy, for some values of &p are given in Table 616.10-1 ‘Table 616.10-1 Bearing Length Factor, Cy 150 cat | 13 | 28 | 38 | 50 | 25 | 100 | or ey [173 [ 138 [12s | 9 [143 | 1.10 | 1.00 For round bearing areas such as washers, the bearing length, #5, shall be equal to the diameter. Fs cael 2) as Wea [National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, Fist Printing, 20156-50 CHAPTER 6 - Wood SECTION 617 SAWN LUMBER oid Gi eral 617.11 Scope Section 617 applies to engineering design with sawe umber, Design procedures, reference design values, and other information herein apply only to lumber complying with the requirements specified below. 6171.2 Identification of Lumber When the reference design values specified herein are used, the lumber, including end-jointed or edge-glued umber, shall be identified by the grade mark of, oF certificate of inspection issued by, a lumber grading oF inspection bureau or agency recognized as being competent. 6171.3. Definitions GITABA Structural sawn lumber consists of lumber classifications known as “Dimension”, “Beams and Stringers”, “Post and Timbers", and “Decking”, with design values assigned to each grade, 617.1.3.2 “Dimension” refers to lumber from 50 mm 10 100 mm (nominal) thick, and $0 mm (nominal) ot more in width, Dimension lumber is further classified as Structural Light Framing, Light Framing, Studs, and Joists and Planks, 617.1.3.3 “Beams and Stringers” refers to lumber of rectangular cross section, 125 mm (nominal) of more thick, with width more than 50 mm greater than thickness, graded with respect to its strength in bending when loaded ‘on the narrow face. 617.1.3.4 “Posts and Timbers” refers to lumber of square ‘or approximately square cross section, 125 mm x 125 mm (oominal) and Taxger, with width not more than $0 mm greater than thickness, graded primarily for use as posts oF columns carrying longitudinal load. 617.1.3.5 “Decking” refers to lumber from 50 mi to 100 ‘mi (nominal) thick, tongued and grooved, or grooved for spline on the narrow face, and intended for use as a roof, floor, or wall membrane, Decking is graded for application in the flatwise diretion, with the wide face of ‘Acsociation of Structural Engineers of the Prilippines, Ino. (ASEP) the decking in contact with the supporting members, ag normally installed 617.1.4 Moisture Service Condition of Lumber The reference design values for lumber specified herein ate applicable to lumber that will be used under dry service conditions such as in most covered structures, where the moisture content (MC) in used will be a maximum of 19%, regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture, For lumber used under conditions where the moisture content of the wood in service will excced 19% for an extended period of time, the design values shall be multiplied by the wet service factors, Cy, specified in Tables 617.1-1(@) and 617.1- lo. ‘Table 617.1-I(a) Wet Service Factor, Cy, Visually Graded Sawn Lumber (MC > 19%) jrength Property Fe PF | Fy [Fea | Fe [ Band E Peers ‘08s! | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.67 | 0.807] 0.90 [Timbers [1.00 | 1.00 [1.00 [067 [0.91 | 1.00 Decking [0.85 0.67 0.30. "hen (FuN{Cp) <8 MPa, Cw =10 2 When (Fei(Ge) <5 MPa, Cu =L9 Table 617.1-1(b) Wet Service Factor, Cx, Glued Laminated Timber (MC > 16%) [-Sirengt Property — FoR | Fe | Fe] Fe | Hand | Fe 5, All| 0.80 | 0.80 osasfoss 0B pecs 0.833 | 0.875 6171.5 Lumber Sizes 617.1.5.1 Lumber sizes referred fo in this Specification are nominal sizes. Computations to determine the requized sizes of members shall be based on the net dimensions (actual sizes) and not the nominal sizes. 617.418.2 For 100 mm (nominal) or thinner lumber, the net DRY dressed sizes shall be used in all computations of structural capacity regardless of the moisture content &t the time of manufacture oF use617.1.5.3 For 125 mm (nominal) and thicker lumber, the net GREEN dressed sizes shall be used in computations ‘of structural capacity regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture oF use GITASA Where @ design is based on roush sizes or special sizes, the applicable moisture content and size used in design shall be clearly indicated in plans or specifications. 617.1.6 End-Jointed or Edge-Glued Lumber Reference design values for sawn lumber are applicable to structural end-jointed or edge-glued lumber of the same species and grade, Such use shall include, but not be Timited to light framing, studs, joists, planks, and decking, 617.1.7 Resawn or Remanufactured Lumber 6171.7. When structural lumber is resawn or remanufactured, it shall be regraded, and reference design values for the regraded material shall apply. 617.1.7.2 When sawn lumber is eross cut to shorter lengths, the requirements of 617.1.7.1 shall not apply, except for reference bending design values for those Beam and Stringer grades where grading provisions for the middle 1/3 of the length of the piece differ from grading provisions for the outer thirds. 617.2 Reference Design Values 617.21 Reference Design Values Reference design values for visually graded lumber are specified in Tables 615.2-1 and 6152-2. Reference design values for spevies and grades of lumber snot otherwise provided herein shall be established in accordance with appropriate ASTM standards and other technically sound criteria, 617.2.3 Basis for Reference Design Values 617.2.3.1 The reference design values in Tables 615.2-1 and 615.2-2 are for the design of structures where an individual member, such as a beam, girder, post or other National Structural Code of the Phil CHAPTER 6 Wood 6-51 member, carries or is responsible for carrying its full design load. For repetitive member uses see 617.3.9. 617.2.3.2 Visually Graded Lumber. Reference design values for visually grade fumber in Tables 615.2-1 and 615.2-2 are based on the provisions of ASTM Standards D 245 and D 1990, 617.2.3.3 Machine Stress Rated (MSR) Lumber and Machine Evaluated Lumber (MEL). Reference design values for machine stress rated lumber and machine evaluated lumber in Tables 622.2-1 and 622.2-4 are determined by visual grading and nondestructive pretesting of individual pieces. 617.2.4 Modulus of Elasticity, E GI72A.L Average Values. Reference design values for modulus of elasticity assigned t the visually graded species and grades of lumber listed in Tables 615.2-1 and 6152-2 are average values which conform to ASTM. Standards D 245 and D 1990. Adjustments in modulus of elasticity have been taken to reflect increases for scasoning, increases for density where applicable, and, ‘where required, reductions have been made to account for the effect of grade upon stiffness. Reference modulus of clastieity design values are based upon the species or species group average in accordance with ASTM. ‘Standards D 1990 and D 2555. 617.2.4.2 Special Uses. Average reference modulus of clasticity design values listed in Tables 615.2-1 and 615.2-2 are to be used in design of repetitive member systems and in calculating the immediate deflection of single members which carry their full design load. In special applications where deflection is a critical factor, ot Where amount of deformation under long-term loading must be limited, the need for use of a reduced modulus of clasticity design value shall be determined. 6172.5 Bending, F, 617.28.1 Dimension Grades. Adjusted bending design values for Dimension grades apply to members with the load applied to either the narrow or wide face. 617.282 Decking Grades. Adjusted bending design values for Decking grades apply only when the load is applied to the wide face. pines Volume |, 7th Exition, First Printing, 20156:52 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 617.2.5.3 Post and Timber Grades. Adjusted bending design values for Post and Timber grades apply to ‘members with the load applied to either the narrow or wide face. 6172.54 Beam and Stringer Grades. Adjusted bending, design values for Beam and Stringer Grades apply to members with the fond applied to the narrow face. When Post and Timber sizes of lumber are graded to Beam and Stringer grade requirements, design values for the applicable Beam and Stringer grades shall be used. Such umber shall be identified in accordance with 617.1.2.1 as conforming to Beam and Stringer grades. 6172.85 Continuous or Cantilevered Beams. When Beams and Stringers are used as continuous or cantilevered beams, the design shall include a requirement that the grading provisions applicable to the middle 1/3 of | the length shall be applied to atleast the middle 2/3 of the length of pieces to be used as two span continuous beams, nd to the entire length of pieces to be used over three or ‘more spans or as cantilevered beams. 617.2.6 Compression Perpendicular to Grain, Fe, For sawn lumber, the reference compression design values perpendieniar to grain are based on a deformation Timit that has been shown by experience to provide for audequate service in typical wood frame construction. The reference compression design values perpendicular to train specified in Tables 615.2-1 and 615.2-2 are species troup average values associated with a deformation level ‘of 1 mm for a steel plate on wood member loading condition. One method for limiting deformation in special applications where it is critical, is use of a reduced compression design value perpendicular to grain. ‘The following equation shall be used 10 aleulate the compression design value perpendicular to grain for & reduced deformation level of 0.5 mm. Pegs = 0.73Fea IT) where: Feios = compression perpendicular to grain design ‘value at 0.5 mm deformation limit, MPa Fe, = reference compression perpendicular to grain design value at 1mm deformation limit (as tabulated in Tables 615.2-1 and 6152-2), MPa 617.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 6173.1 General Reference Design values (Fp, Fr, Fos Feas Fes Bs Emin) from Tables 615.2+1 and 615.2-2 shall be multiplied by the adjustment factors specified in Table 617.3-1 to determine adjusted design values (Fy', Fy’, Fy's Fex's Fe's B', Emin’) ‘Table 6173-1 Applicability of Adjustment Factors for Sawn Lumber 52/2/21 |x| slel2lele )812)5) 5] 8) a]ay 2) al4 sls} sle\ale|alelalelé 218) 8\2/ 8/3) 21 3 3le|s|8\ |=|4|2 3\2\2 Golew|ce| =| =| fel -[-| = coleulG| [eel - |e.) - (en! - |= ~Hewlel =| = [led [= | |e ~fewler-f--1e}=|-[-[- Tew et b= L-Leel = Lert =| where: : Emin) = Reference modulus of clasticity value rnultiplied by. all applicable adjustment factors Emin ~ Reference modulus of elasticity for beam and coluran stability = Boge(1-03)/(1-66) Koos = Modulus of elasticity level exceeded by about 95% ofthe individual pieces = E{1~ 1.645C0Ve] B= Reference modulus of elasticity COV, = coefficient of variation in modulus of elasticity = 0.25 for Visually graded sawn lumber = 0.11 for Machine Stress Rate lumber 1.03 = adjustment factor to convert E values to a pure bending basis 1.66 = factor of safety ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)617.32 Load Duration Factor, Cy All reference design values except modulus of elasticity, E, modulus of elasticity for beam and column stability, Eyuns and compression perpendicular to grain, F,, shall bbe multiplied by load duration factors, Cp, as specified in 6153.2. 6173.3 Wet Service Factor, Cy, Reference design values for structural sawn lumber are based on the moisture service conditions specified in 617.1.4. When the moisture content of structural members in use differs from these moisture service conditions, reference design values shall be multiplied by the wet service factors, Cy, specified in Table 617. 617.34 Temperature Factor C, When structural members will experience sustained exposure to elevated temperatures up to 66°C, reference design values shall be multiplied by the temperature factors, C¢, specified in 615.3.3. 6173.5 Beam Stability Factor, C, Reference bending design values, Fp, shall be multiplied by the beam stability factor, C,, specified in 616.3.3. 6173.6 Size Factor, Cy 617.3.6.1 Where the depth of a rectangular sawn lumber bending member 125 mm or thicker exceeds 300 mm, the reference bending design values, Fp, shall be multiplied by the following size factor: 300," = (172) oC) where: Gp = size factor @ = Gepth of beam, mm 617.3.6.2 For beams of circular eross section with a diameter greater than 340 mm, or for 300 mm or larger square beams loaded in the plane of the diagonal, the size factor shall be determined in accordance with 617.3.6.1 ‘on the basis of an equivalent conventionally loaded square bbeam of the same cross-sectional area. CHAPTER 6 Wood 6.53, 6173.7 Flat Use Factor, Cy, Bending design adjusted by size factors (Cy) are based on loads applied to narrow face, When sawn lumber is used Aatwise, (i.e. load applied to wide face) bending design value, Fp, shall also be muliplied by the following Mat. use Factors Table 617.3-2 Visually-Graded Sawn Lumber Platcuse Pactors, Cy Width ‘Thickness (breadth). (depth) 30mm & 75mm | 100mm 30mm & 75mm 10 - ToOmm Ti TO 125mm Ti 1.05 150mm Lis 1.05 200mm TIS 105 250mm & wider 120 i ‘Table 6173-3 Machine-Graded! Sawn Lumber Platcse Factors, Cy ‘Width ‘Thickness (breadth) (depth) 50mm 30mm & 75mm 10 ToOmm Tl 123mm TI 150mm Lis ~ 200mm Tis 250mm &wider 120 "Refer to Section 622 6173. Incising Faetor, C, Many species readily accept preservative teatments, while others don’t. For species that are not easily treated, is used to make the treatment effective. Some design values for sawn lumber must be adjusted if incising is used to inerease the penetration of the preservatives. The incising factors, C,, to be used shall be as follows: ‘Table 617.3-4 Incising Factor, C; E hm | he | fe | Fa c | 095 | 080 | 080 | 080 | 10 For compression perpendicular to grain as well as for on-incised treated lumber, C, = 1.0. "National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156-54 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 6173.9 Repetitive Member Factor, C,, A repetitive member system is defined as one that has: 1. Three or more parallel members of Dimension lumber or structural composite lumber; 2. Members spaced not more than 600 mm on center; Members connected together by a load-distributing clement such as roof, Moor, or wall sheathing that has been designed or has been proven by experience to transmit the design load to adjacent members without displaying structural weakness or unacceptable deflection. For a repetitive member systen the reference Fy may be ‘multiplied by a repetitive member factor, C, = 1.15. For all other framing systems, C, = 1.0. 6173.10 Column Stability Factor, Cp Reference compression design values parallel to grain, Fe, shall be multiplied by the columa stability factor, Cp, specified in 616.7. 6173.11 Buckling Stiffness Factor, Cr Reference modulus of elasticity for beam and column stability, Emin» shall be permited to be multiplied by the buckling stiffness factor, Cy , as specified in 617.4.2. 617.3.12 Bearing Area Factor, Cy, Reference compression design values perpendicular to grain, Fe,, shall be permitted to be multiplied by the bearing area factor, Cy, as specified in 616.10.4 617.3.13 Pressure-Preservative Treatment Reference design values apply to sawn lumber pressure- treated by an approved process and preservative. Load duration factors greater than 1.6 shall not apply to structural members pressure-treated with water-borne preservatives. 6174 Special Design Considerations Old Stability of Bending Members 6174.1.1 Sawn lumber bending members shall be designed in accordance with the lateral stability calculations in 616.3.3 or shall meet the lateral support requirements in 617.4.1.2 and 617.4.1:3 6174.1.2 As an alternative to 617.4.1.1, rectangular sawn lumber beams, rafters, joints, or other bending members, shall be designed in accordance with the following provisions to provide restraint against rotation or lateral displacement. 1f the depth to breadth, d/b, based on nominal dimensions is (a) d/b <2; no lateral support shall be required. (b) 2 2.407, Cr shall be calculated based on = 240m CHAPTER 6—Wood 6-55 617.43 Notches 1743.1 End notches, located at the ends of sawn umber bending members for bearing over a suppor, shall be permitted, and shall not exceed % the beam depth (see Figure 617.4-1), 6174.3.2 Interior notches, located in the outer thirds of the span of a single span sawn lumber bending member, shall be permitted, and shall not exeeed 1/6 the depth of the member. Interior notches on the tension side of 90 mm or greater thickness (100 mm nominal thickness) sawn lumber bending members are not permitted (see Figure 617.4-1), 61TA33 See 616.1.2 and 616.43 for effect of notches on strength, Figure 6174-1 Notch Limitations for Sawn Lumber Beams "National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156.56 CHAPTER 6~ Wood SECTION 618 STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER 618.1 General 618.1.1 Scope GIRL Section 618 applies to engincering design with struetural glued laminated timber. Basic requirements are provided in this Specification. 618.1.1.2 Design procedures, reference design values and ther information provided herein apply only to structural glued laminated timber conforming Co all_perinenk provisions of the specifications. (618.1.2 Definition “The term “structural glued laminated timbe engineored, stress rated product of a timber laminating plan, comprising assemblies of specially selected and Frepared wood laminations bonded together with ei hesives, The grain of all Iaminations is approximately parallel longitudinally. The separate laminations sball not Exceed 50 mm in net thickness and are permitted to be comprised of + one piece « pieces joined end-to-end to form any length « pieces placed or glued edge-to-edge to make wider ones: « pieces bent to curved form during gluing 618.1.3 Standard Sizes 618.1.3.1 Standard finished widths of structural glued faminated members shall meet the size requirements of & design or other special requirements 618.1.3.2 The length and net dimensions of all members shall be specified. Additional dimensions necessary t0 define non-prismatie members shall be specified 618.14 Service Conditions 61814.1 Reference design values for dry service conditions shall apply when the moisture content in service is less than 16%, as in most covered structures, 618.142 Reference design values for glued laminated timber shall be multiplied by the wet service factors, Cor _agsocation of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) specified in Tables 617.1-1(b) when the moisture content inservice is 16% or greater, a8 may ovcut in exterior or submerged consteuction, ot humid environments 618.2 Reference Design Values 618.2.1 Reference Design Values Reference design values for softwood and hardwood structural glued laminated timber shal be based on other substantiated information from an approved source, 618.2.2 Orientation of Member Reference design values for structural glued laminated timber are dependent on the orientation of the laminations telative to the applied loads, Subscripts are used to indicate design values corresponding ‘0 a given Grientation, The orientations of the cross-sectional axes for structural glued laminated timber are shown in Figure 6182-1. The x-x axis runs parallel to the wide face of the laminations, The y-y axis runs perpendicular to the wide face of the laminations, y x Figure 618.2-1 Axis Orientations 618.2.3 Balanced and Unbalanced Layups structural glued laminated timbers are permitted 0 be assembled with laminations of the same Tumber grades placed symmetrically or asymmetrically about the neural taxis of the member. Symmetrical ayups are referred 10 88 palanced” and have the same design values for positive and negative bending. Asymmetrical ayups are referred to as “unbalanced” and have lower design values for negative bending than for positive bending, The top side af unbalanced members is required to be marked “TOP” by the manufacturer.618.24 Bending, Fox Fre Fay The reference bending design values Fyy+ and Fy , shall apply to members with loads causing bending about the xx axis, The reference bending design value for positive bending, Fax. shall apply for bending stresses causing. tension at the bottom of the beam. The reference bending, design value for negative bending, Fy,» shall apply for bending stresses causing tension at the top of the beam. ‘The reference bending design values, Fpy, shall apply to members with loads causing bending about the y-y axis, 6182.5 Compression Perpendicular (0 Grain, Fos. Fey ‘Tho reference compression design value perpendicular to ‘grain, Fe.xy shall apply to members with bearing loads on. the wide faces of the laminations. ‘The reference compression design value perpendicular to again, Fey, shall apply to members with bearing loads on the narrow edges of the laminations, ‘The reference compression design values perpendicular £0 ‘tain are based on a deformation limit of 1 mm obtained from testing in accordance with ASTM D143. The ‘compression perpendicular to grain stress associated with 2.0.5 mm deformation limit shall be permitted to be calculated as 73% of the reference value (See also 617.26). on 6 Shear Parallel to Grain, Fy, Fyy ‘The reference shear design value parallel to grain, Fy. shall apply to members with shear loads causing bending ‘about the xx axis. The reference shear design value parallel to grain, Fyy, shall apply to members with shear loads causing bending about the y-y axis. ‘The reference shear design values parallel to grain shall apply to prismatic members except those subject 10 impact or repetitive cyclic loads. For non-prismatic ‘members and for all members subject to impact or ropattive eyelic loads, the reference shear design values parallel to grain shall be multiplied by the shear reduction factor specified in 6183.10. This reduction shall also apply {0 the design of connections transferring. loads through mechanical fasteners (see 616.4.3) Prismatic. members shall be defined as. straight or cambered members with constant cross-section. Non- CHAPTER 6—Wood 6-57 prismatic members include, but not limited to: arches, tapered beams, curved beams, and notched members. ‘The reference shear design value parallel to grain, Fyy, is tabulated for members with four or more laminations. For members with two or three laminations, the reference design value shall be multiplied by 0.84 or 0.95, respectively 618.2.7 Modulus of Elasticity, Ey, Ey mins Eys Ey min ‘The reference modulus of elasticity, Ey, shall be used for determination of deflections due to bending about the x-x ‘The reference modulus of elasticity, mins shall be used for beam and column stability calculations for members buckling about the xx ans ‘The reference modulus of elasticity, By, shall be used for determination of deflections due to bending about the y-y axis, “The reference modules of elasticity, Ey mun» shall be used for beam and column stability calculations for members buckling about the y-y axi For the calculation of extensional deformations, the axial ‘modulus of elasticity shall be permitted to be estimated as Eaxiat = 1.05 Ey 6182.8 Radial Tension, Fy, Por curved bending members, the radial tension design values perpendicular to grain, Fy shall be based on other substantiated information from an approved source. 6182.9 Radial Compression, F,. For curved bending members, the reference radial compression design value, Fye, shall be taken as the reference compression perpendicular to grain design value con the side face, Peay {618.2.10 Other Species and Grades, Reference design values for species and grades of structural glued laminated timber not otherwise provided herein shall be based on other substantiated information from an approved source, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156.58 CHAPTER 6 ~ Wood 618.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 6183.1 General Reference Design values (Fp; Fes Fos Fes Fes Es Emin) shall be multiplied by the adjustment factors specified in Table 618.3-1 to determine adjusted design values (Fy', (B's Rely Bye's B's Emin’) ‘Table 6183-1 Applicability of Adjustment Factors for Structural Glued Laminated Timber Temperature Factor Beam Stability Factor” Vohume Fact Flat Use Factor ‘Carvature Factor Bearing Area Factor Toad Duration Factor Wer Service Factor ‘Shear Reduction Factor es 2 2 = S = = Fe x|Co|ew|Ce| - x= [ewe] - xf [wee] - Emin’ = Emin | - [€w] Ce) ~ “The Beam stabil Taio, Cj, shall the volume facter, Cy, for structural gloed laminated timber bending members (S62 618.36). Therefore, the lesser of these adjustment factors apply. where: = Reference modulus of elasticity value ‘multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors Emin = Reference modulus of elasticity for beam and column stability Eyos(1.03)/(2.66) Modulus of elasticity level exceeded by about 95% ofthe individual pieces E[L~ 1.645C0V¢] Emin! Enos E = Reference modulus of elasticity COV, = coefficient of variation in modulus of elasticity = 0.10 for Structural Glued Laminated timber 1.03 = adjustment factor to convert E values to a pure bending basis factor of safety 6183.2 Lead Duration Factor, Cp All reference design values except modulus of elast E, modulus of elasticity for beam and column stability, Emin and compression perpendicular to grain, Fe, shall be multiplied by load duration factors, Cp, as specitied in 616.3.2. 6183.3 Wet Service Factor, Cuz Reference design values for structural glued laminated timber are based on the moisture service conditions specified in 618.14. When the moisture content of structural members in sue differs from these moisture service conditions, reference design values shall be multiplied by the wer service factors, Cyy, specified in Table 617.1-1(b). 618.34 Temperature Factor, Cy When structural members will experience sustained exposure to elevated temperatures up to 66°C, reference design values shall be multiplied by the temperature factors, Cy, specified in 615.3.3. 6183.5 Beam Stability Factor, Cr Reference bending design values, Fy, shall be multiplied by the beam stability factor, Cy, specified in 6163.3. The beam stability factor, C,, shall not apply simultaneously With the volume factor, Gy, for structural glued laminated timber bending members (see 618.3.6). Therefore, the lesser of these adjustent factors shall apply 618.3.6 Volume Factor, Cy When structural glued laminated timber members are loaded in bending about the x-x axis, the reference bending design values, Fy,+, and Fy,-, shall be ‘multiplied by the following volume faetor: oH GCG om d depth of bending member, mm b= width (breadth) of bending member. For multiple piece width layups, b = width of ‘widest piece used in the layup. Thus, b $275 mm. x = 10ifspecific value has not been established forthe species used ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)‘The volume factor, Cy, shall not apply simultaneously with the beam stability factor, €, (see 61633). ‘Therefore, the lesser of these adjustment factors. shall apply. 6183.7 Flat Use Factor, Cy, When structural glued laminated timber is loaded in bending about the y-y axis and the member dimension parallel to the wide face ofthe laminations, d, (see Figure 618.3-1), is less than 300 mm, the reference bending design value, Fy, shall be permitted to be multiplied by the flat use factor, Cy, calculated by the following. formula: ew= (2) oe Figure 6183-1 Depth, dy, for Flat Use Factor 6183.8 Curvature Factor, C, For curved portions of bending members, the reference ‘bending design value shall be multiplied by the following, curvature factor: C.=1~ 2000! (618-3) where: t= thickness of laminations, mm R= radius of curvature of inside face of member, mm t 1. B © Top for hardwoods t 1 RS jag Br solwoods ‘The curvature factor shall not apply to reference desi values in the straight portion of a number, regardless of curvature elsewhere. CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-59 6183.9 Stress Interaction Factor, C; For the tapered portion of bending members tapered on the compression face, the reference bending design value, Fee shall be multiplied by the following tres interaction factor: F, (618-4) a+ (Fptane)’ + where 8 = angle of taper, degrees For members tapered on the compression face, the stress interaction factor, C,, shall not apply simultaneously with the volume factor, Cy, therefore, the lesser of these adjustment factors shall apply. For the tapered portion of the bending members tapered fn the tension face, the reference bending design value, F px, shall be multiplied by the following stress interaction factor: c 1+ CRG, where: 0 = angle oftaper, degrees For members tapered on the tension face, the stress interaction factor, C, shall not apply simultaneously with the beam stability factor, C,, therefore, the lesser of these adjustment factors shall apply. ‘Taper cuts on the tension face of structural glued laminated timber beams are not recommended. 6183.10 Shear Reduction Factor, Cyr ‘The reference shear design values, Fy, and Fyy, shall be ‘multiplied by the shear reduction factor, Cy, ~ 0.72 where any of the following conditions apply: 1, Design of non-prismatie members 2, Design of members subject to impact or repetitive cyclic loading. 3. Design of members at notches (616.4.3.2). 4, Design of members at connections (616.4.3.3). "National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, First Printing, 2015660 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 618.3.11 Column § ability Factor, Cp Reference compression design values parallel to grain, Fes shall be multiplied by the column stability factor, Cp, specified in 616.7 6183.12 Bearing Area Factor, Cj, Reference compression design values perpendicular to ‘rain, Fe,, shell be permitted to be multiplied by the bearing area factor, Cp, as specified in 616. 10.4 6183.13 Pressure-Preservative Treatment Reference design values apply (© structural ghied laminated timber treated by an approved process. and preservative, Load duration factors greater than 1.6 shall rot apply to structural members pressure-treated with water-borne preservatives. 618.4 Special Design Considerations 6184.1 Curved Bending Members with Constant Cross Section 618.4.1.1 Curved bending members with constant rectangular cross section shall be designed for flexural strength in accordance with 616.3. 6184.12 Curved bending members with constant rectangular cross section shall be designed for shear strength in accordance with 616.4, except that the provisions of 616.43.L shall not apply. The shear reduction factor from 618.3.10 shall apply. 618.4.1.3 The radial stress induced by a bending moment in a curved bending member of constant rectangular cross section am au 618-6 tr IRbd ot where M_ = bending moment, Nom radius of curvature at center line of member, mm ‘Where the bending moment is inthe direction tending to decrease eurvature (increase the radius), the radial tess shall not exceed the adjusted radial tension design value perpendicolar tothe grain, fp < Fy, unless mechanical reinforcing sufficient to resist all radial stresses is used, In no case shall f, exceed (1/3)Fy Where the bending moment is in the direction tending to inerease curvature (decrease the radius), the radial stress shall not exceed the adjusted radial compressional design fr S Pre’ 618.4.1.4 The deflection of curved bending members with constant eross section shall be determined in accordance with 616.5. Horizontal displacements at the supports shall also be considered. 618.42 Double-Tapered Curved Bending Members 618.4.2.1 The bending stress induced by a bending ‘moment, M, at the peaked section of a double-tapered curved bending member (see Figure 6184-1) shall be calculated as follows: 6M = Kora (618-7) where: Kg = empirical bending stress shape factor 1+2.7tandy r= angle of roof stope, degrees M_ = bending moment, Nem d= depth at peaked section of member, mm Figure 6184-1 Double-Tapered Curved Bending, Member The stress interaction factor from 618.3.9 shall apply for flexural design in the straight-tapered segments of double- tapered curved bending members ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)618.422 Double-tapered curved members shall be designed for shear strength in accordance with 6164, except that the provisions of 616.4,3.1 shall not apply. ‘The shear reduction factor from 618.3.10 shall apply. 618.423 The radial stress induced by bending moment in a double-tapered curved member shall be calculated as follows: om fe Krslrsyge (618-8) where: Kye =. smpirical radial stress factor 0.29(d,/Ryq) + 0.32tan*2py Cre = empirical load-shape radial stress reduction factor = 0.27In(tan pr) + 0.28In(E/£_) ~ 0.8(d,/Ry,) + 1 < 1.0 for uniformly loaded members where de/Ryy $0.3 = 1.0 for members subject to constant ‘moment € = span length, mm length between tangent points, mm bending moment, N-m depth at peaked section of member, mm radius of curvature at center line of ‘member, min R+d./2 radius of curvature of inside face of ‘member, mm Where the bending moment is in the direction tending to decrease curvature (increase the radius), the radial stress shall not exceed the adjusted radial tension design value perpendicular to grain, fy < Fre, unless mechanical reinforcing sufficient to resist all radial stresses is used. In no case shall f, exceed (1/3) Fy Where the bending moment is in the direction tending to increase curvature (decrease the radius), the radial stress shall not exceed the adjusted radial compression design value, fr S$ Fre’ 618.424 The deflection of double-tapered curved ‘members shall be determined in accordance with 616.5, except that the mid-span deflection of a symmetrical double-tapered curved beam subject to uniform loads shall be permitted to be calculated by the following ‘empirical formula: CHAPTER 6 -Wood 6-61 Swet BIE —— 18 328, b(dequc) oe vertical efeton at mispan, mm uniformly distributed oad, Ninn (d, + d,)(0.5 + 0.735 tan py) = 1.41d.tan dy ‘depth atthe ends of the member, mim depth atthe peaked section of member, mm angle of roof slope, degrees y= soffit slope at the ends of the member, degrees Pee ood ‘The horizontal deflection at the supports of symmetrical double-tapered curved beams shall be permitted 10 be estimated as (618-10) horizontal deflection at ether support, mim hg ~ d,/2~d,/2 (€/2)tan gy + de 618.4.3 Lateral Stability for Tudor Arches ‘The ratio of tangent point depth to breadth (4/b) of tudor arches (see Figure 618,4-2) shall not exceed 6, based on actual dimensions, when onc edge of the arch is braced by decking fastened directly to the arch, or braced at frequent intervals as by girts or roof purlins. Where such lateral bracing is not present, a/b shall not exceed S, Arches shall be designed for lateral stability in accordance with the provisions of 616.7 and 616.9.2 Pigure 6184-2 Tudor Arch National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156.62. CHAPTER 6 - Wood 6184.4 Tapered Straight Bending Members 61844.1 Tapered straight beams (sce Figure 618.4-3) shall be designed for flexural strength in accordance with 6166, The stress interaction factor from 6183.9 shall apply, For field-tapered members, the reference bending design value, Fpys and the reference modulus of elasticity, E,, shall be reduced according to the manufsctuter's recommendations 10 account for the removal of high grade material near the surface of the member. 618442 Tapered straight beams shall be designed for shear strength in accordance with 616.4, except that the provisions of 616.431 shall not apply. The shear reduction factor from 618.3.10 shall apply. 6184.43 The deflestion of tapered straight beams shal te determined in accordance with 616.5, except thatthe me imum defletion ofa tapered straight beam subject viaorm toads shall be permitted to be calculated as auivalent to the depth, deguisy of an equivalent prismatic member ofthe same wid where equiv = Cardo (618-11) where: dy = depth at the sina end ofthe member, mm Gg = empirical constant derived from relationship of equations for deflection of tapered straight beams and prismatic beams. For symmetrical double-tapered beams: Cu = 140.660, whend< 6, st Cy = 140.626, whent < Cy <3 For single-tapered beams: Ca = 140.46C, whend< 6, S11 Ca = 140.436, when. 1 < CS? For single- and double-tapered beams: de~ de a... __'"" &@&;« °° 7& 9 -t ® Figure 6184-3 Tapered Straight Bending Members 618,4.5 Notehes 618.45.1 The tension side of structural glued laminated timber bending members shall not be notched, except at fends of members for bearing over a support, and notch pth shal not exceed the Tesser of 1/10 the depth of the ‘member or 75 mm, 618452 The compression side of structural glued laminated timber bending members shall not be notched, except at ends of members, and the notch depth on the compression side shall not excced 2/5 the depth of the member, Compression side end-notches shall not extend into the middle 1/3 of the span. Exception: ‘A taper cut on the compression edge at the end of a ‘sructural glued laminated timber bending member shall not exceed 2/3 the depth of the member and the length ‘Shall not exceed three times the depth of the member, 3d. For tapered beams where the taper extends into the ‘middle 1/3 of the span, design shall be in accordance with 618-44. 6184.53 Notches shall not be permitted on both the tension and compression fice atthe same cross-section 618454 Seo 6161.2 and 616.43 for the effect of rrotches on strength. The shear reduction factor from 6183.10 shall apply for the evaluation of members at notches. cee A ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)619.1 General ‘Timber connectors and fasteners may be used to transmit forces between wood members and between wood and metal members. The allowable loads and installation of timber connectors and fasteners shall be in accordance ‘with the tables as provided in this Chapter. The allowable loads and installation of timber connectors shall be as set forth in Tables 619.1-1, 619.1-2, 619.1-3 and 619.1-4, CHAPTER 6 Wood 663 Safe loads and design practices for types of connectors fand fasteners not mentioned or fully covered may be determined in a manner permitted by the Building Official. 619.2 Bolts Safe loads in KN for bolts in shear in scasoned lumber ‘hall not exceed the values set forth in Table 619.1-1 Allowable shear values used to connect a wood to concrete or masonry are permitted to be determined as ‘one half the tabulated double shear values for a wood. ‘member twice the thickness of the member attached to the ‘concrete of masonry, ‘Table 619.1-1 Grouping of Species for Determining Allowable Loads for Timber Joints 1 se uL Species] Relative | Spies | Renive™| Spates | Reta | Speier] Reve Density Density Densiy Dest abaya) 090 | Makai | 074 | Malus | 061 | Lingosings [0s seat | 090 | Kamagong | 072 | Dangsttn | 058 | Rainiee | 048 agio | os | Gujo | 070 | sping | 057 | Bock | 04s Liusin 0.79 Binggas 0.70 Solakin 0.56 Almaciga 042 vast | 076 | kam | 068 | rine | 08s | afangtsinow | 042 aig | 072 | asin | 067 | Lanuantagyo | 033 | Yemane | 042 Mangeschapsi | ont | potcbok | ot | Mim | 052 ote | 069 | Kamatog | 060 | ratsmis | 052 toma | 064 | Malasging | 051 Kao | 059. | videlLanuan | 050 pamun | 03s | caw | 030 away | os | nao | os Antipolo 0.52 ‘Bagtikan_ 0.44 ‘Narra 0.52 Malaanonang O41 Mulakewan | 050 | Laman | 040 peo | os National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156-64 CHAPTER 6 - Wood ‘Table 619.1-2. Reference Values on One Bolt (Double Shear) in Seasoned Wood Loaded at Both Ends Tengih of Botein | Diameter Toned parallel to grain (7) Toaded perpendicular To grain (O07) Main Member | of Bolt Bexar vale, P, per bol KN _—CDesizn value, @:perboi kN] L a Species Group ‘Species Group (ram) (oom) T 7 i> T T WT vo 7 708 TR 420 326 376 zoT | 198 az 6 35 Gor 520 ‘01 a9 230 231 202 40 2 110 735 653 S02 485 267 256 335 2 aT 730" 7 552 304 2a T86 2a sf BT 3a 5.6 a7 347 | 3.01 2a Ze | 1 33 375 498 399 20 239 s 227 6 Tox Ta 6a 300 323 Ie 276 [233] so 20 iBT 938 eid 627 607 74 320 205 (2 TS 103 395 6.90 630 346 332 308 3 Tz Ts Toz 784 6a 376 361 330) — [939] 532 asso 336 323 295 6 |B 395 774 629 630 aH 359 329] 6 17a 1 03 30 739 34 16 ig 193 132 ta 397 39 430 a2 396 E aE 152 132 10x ae 339 cc 429 935 Gaz 336 79 oe 376 Sor 330 Tae 98 32 oo 785 a3 aig 379 1s 194 BS 11s 322 950 Sor aT 30 i a9 150 130 To2 3aS 520 499 156 355 17s 2 ms To2 30H 3a 5 oar 645 339 ah Tm 303 a7 3a Tat 356 336 709 337 461 aa 405 80 205 130 Ta oF oT 334 33 4 By BP 136 109 To. 550 330 aaT 35 265, 18s 160 TE To. 607 SIF 32 © 935 oat 338 a8 Ta [408 392 359 16 Tas 7 Ta 72 320 506 486 aa %0 30 a3 146 127 Tos 109 6.08 3a 328 Ea 2a TT 18 io 173 628 598 3a B wa 202 Ts tas | 23 oTT a9 334 @ 7a0 eas 538 a3 a0, 407 397 358 6 2 O78 SaT 73 om Sar 519 a6 100 20 220 TS Ba Ti ral 6.8 GAT 387 2 359, Ts isa 128 136 735 6s 6a 35 SLE as 189 BS a 732 721 6.60 | 98 oa 337 ae 62 381 365 334 ig Taz OFF a6 733 TO 556 338 489 bs 7 ms 15S 132 11s 143 735 73 6a) 2 269 1BS 160) BS 153 aad a0 Taz B yaa a 204 173 17d 30 302 §26 2 ae 287 2a 203 TES 102 oe 595 T Tabla design values apply 10 ONE bot in double shear 2 Toba adjusted eral design values (P,Q). tabulted letorl design values (P,Q) fr ols shall be mulpied all ppteable adsoment ‘actors baed on National Design Speetiation for Wood Construction (NDS) 2015 Eaton ‘ rie When loaded at an angle 8 10 grain, lateral design value shall be computed using W = rege aT easE@ hem loaded at an angle @ tr lst a ator cate “Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6 Wood ‘Table 619.1-2 (cont'd) Reference Values on One Bolt (Double Shear) in Seasoned Wood Loaded at Both Ends 6-65 Toaded parallel to grain (OY TengihofBolt [Diameter Taaded perpendicular t grain (07) inMsin Member | of Bot Design value, P, per bolt, EN Design value, Q,per bolt, KN 1 a Species Group Species Group (om) (rum) T T 1 W T 7 fi Vv 7 oa eat 337 aa 592 381 38 334 6 Taz 977 Ba Ta To 336 sa 7 hwo 70 a TBS Taz 173 143 a 639 2 369 18S 160) ia 153 Bat 50 Ta 7B 34d Bo 20s 173 TH 330 3 326 as I 28 205 ies 102 378 395 [— Te Ta, 376 5a5 733 339 328 306 465 20 a 153 1B 11s 147 aT TH 75 10 FH 269 Tks 160 Es 167 521 3a 309 3 46 Be 206 17s 187 109) Tos 938 38 Bs 25 359 Ba 39 TT 116 i 16 Taz 3 8a 73 Es 386 466 a2 20 m2 152 132 114 Ta 776 7a oR 180 2 269 Tes 16.0 139 Tos 312 ce ‘Sor a 38 239, 706 179 208 Tt ToD Tow a Br 300) 359 Bs 76 TBS Bo iis 16 Taz, oI 3a 730 339 a5 438 a [20 Ba 153 Bz 1a Be Tor 730 6m 190 Er 69 185 6.0 9 163 899 E63 730 cn 3a Bo BOT 9 207 11 TOs Tow Eg BS 29, 35 BES 50 Ta 13 Ta 16 Taz 990 eae 730 37 or aad 305 2 Ba 152 12 Ti BS Ta Tas 650 200 2B 268 Tea 760 BS. 161 Bae a8 THT 3 346 Be 205; 17m 205 113 108 Bar 2 Bo Bo 35 a 253 a9 BS 122 2 Bz 32, 132 Tra 137 oT 669 Tz a 268 184 BS 159 TB 337 738 73 230 Es 37 Be 206 179 17 103, Toa 33 2 BS Be 359 Bs a BT Ta 120 32 368 390 3a Bs 319 TTS 168 isa 20 Da 152 Bz 114, 124 oar 054 338 @ Be Isa Teo 13 148 815 78 716 240 3 37 Be 206 179 194 or Tez 337 eo Be Bw. 59 Bs 246 1s Be Ts 2 370) 31 339 Ba 31 17S, 16: Tra Be 268 Tea 159 Be 144 THR ToL 657 5 37 Be 206 179) Ts To 395 oF 20 2 BS BS 38 Ez HD Bz Tar ine 32 367 389 37 Bz a5 173 166 152 Tabula design values apply to ONE bol in double shear 2 To obtain adjusted lateral design values (P,Q), tabulated lateral design values (P, Q) for bots shall be mutipliedo all applicable adjustent factors based on National Design Specification for Wood Consiruction (NDS) 2015 Bdiion "her loaed at an angle 0 to grin, lateral design value shall be computed using N pe Pr sink ong costo National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156.65 CHAPTER 6 - Wood Table 619.1-2 (cont’d) Reference Values on One Bolt (Double Shear) in Seasoned Wood Loaded at Both Ends imghtee | Omen onda parle to gain OT Landed perpen io gain GF —— tee | “orgak | Design value, B pero, iN | ___Design value, @, per bolt EN L a Spaces Groop species Group (oun) (ov) 7 i it W T 1 [it Ww 7 op ae a ta] 240 2 =a} ss ma of 7 2 te oft |e 2 S| me feo || 8 290 8 spose] sp ae ese 2 3g [390 37 39330 | 167 | ta ia “| 25 34.7 3s 20.6 178 173 951 9.13 836 305 [8 a4 298 258 Ra 22. 12.2 Tht 10.7 = 365 390 3a [oss pe] ea | sea Tabulated design valves apply to ONE bolt in dowble shear To obtain ested lateral design values (PQ), tabulated lateral design values (P, Q) for bolts shall be muted all applicable adjustment Jtors based on National Design Specification fr Wood Consiruetin (NDS) 2015 Edition Po! When loaded at an angle 8 to grain, laeral design vale shall be computed sing W' = Bags gT cost O ‘Table 619.1-3 Split Ring Connector Unit Reference Design Values "? diameter | Diameter | of member with ‘member Design value, P, per connector unit | Design value, Q, per connector unit (mm) (mm) nm) 1 W lt Vv 1 1 mL wv | “ b ‘ 40 or thicker 14.1 121 10.2 8.72, 10.1 8.63 721 6.19 ° 50 or thicker 14. 121 10.2 | 8.72 | 10.15 | 863 | 7.21 6.19, ° 65 25.9 | 222 18.5 16.0 18.0 155 129 Mt 7 Tabulded design values apply to ONE split ring and bolt in single shear 2 to obtain adjusted laterat design values (PQ), tabulated lateral design values (P,Q) for splitring connector unis shal! be muitpied to all applicable adjustment factors Based on National Design Specification for Wood Consrction (NDS) 2015 Edition ra Print ong coro » when loaded at an angle 8 to grain, lateral design value shall be computed using N ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER6—Wood 6-67 ‘Table 619.1-4 Shear Plate Connector Unit Reference Design Values "2+ Siar [Bk] mi fe] Reis of [Cnet gn) —| Cans penetra G7 Pt ee ee = esi lue, connector unit ssign valu Jer Connector unit sir ccm on Pe dian meets Spe Go Sos Ge cnr | com wom fe pw a, Dw a « |» ‘0ninimn [ios | 926 [770 | oor [7 | was | sm | ae : [war | 2 | os | a | ome | nao | 708 | a0 Sorter [wwe [127 [wos 917 | v0 | nae | 730 | oa es sorties [mor | ioe | ia | wo | is7 | ws | ua | oe am 45 minimum 15.1 129 | 108 | 930 | 105 | 899 | 748 | 627 100 | 30 [169 [wa | eo | aoa | unr | sot | oar | ras 2] 2 6 [v2 [se [or Pua [a | va | ose | aan ms [ase [we [usa [is | aes | ae | ior | oar ieider [mar [2 | too [oe | ase | na | 2 | 900 "Tabula design values apply to ONE shear plate and bolt in single shear. * To btain adiusted lateral design values (P,Q), tabulated lateral design values (P.Q) fo spi ring connector units shall be muipied 1 all “pplicable adjustment factors based on National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS) 2015 Edition Po’ Paint org costo * When loaded a an angle @ to gyain, lateral design value shall Be computed using N' “ Allowable design values for shear plate connector unis shal not exceed he following: (a) 85 mum shear plate 12.95N (0) 100 mm shear plate with 20 mm bolt... 19.68N {c) 100 mm shear plate with 22 nm bolt... 26,7 AY ‘The design values in Pootote 3 shall he permitted oe increased in accordance with the American Institue of Steel Construction (AISC) ‘Manual of Steel Cansrucion, "edition, Section 15.2 "Wind and Seismic Swesses", except when design loads have already been reduced by Toca combination factors * Loads followed by am asterisk (2) exooed those permited by Foomote 3, but are needed for determination of design values for other angles of Toad 19 grain. Footnote 5 liitations apply i all eaves, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 2015Ce eeESS,,-LlLUlUllt—~—~—~—~—~—~—”:—C CHAPTER 6 - Wood 619.3. Nails and Spikes 619.3.1 Nailing Schedule “The number and size of nails connecting wood members pai not be less than that sot forth in Tables 6193-1 and BAS'3-2. Other connections shall be fastened to provide equivalent strength 6193.2 Safe Lateral strength ‘A common wire nail driven perpendicular to grain of the 2 eat auhen used to fasten wood members together sal vote subjected to a grcater Toad causing shear and fending than the safe lateral strength of the wire nail oF spike a sot forth in Table 619.33. ‘A wire na driven parallel tothe grain of the wood shal ‘nabs subjected more than two thirds of the Lteral lod Miowed sien driven perpendicular to the grain. Tanai sett aot be subjected more than five sits of the lateral Toad allowed for nals driven perpendicular tothe grain 619.3.3 Safe Resistance to Withdrawal A wire nail driven perpendicular to grain of wood shall ate subjected to a greater load, tending to cause "etndrawal, than the safe resistance of the nail te Withdrawal, as set forth in Table 619.33 619.3.4 Spacing and Penetration ‘Common wire nails shall have penetration into the piece Setiving the point as sot forth in Table 6193-3. Nalls oF spikes for which the wire gauges or Yengths are nol Set ‘pity in Table 619.3-3 shall have a required penetration of rot less than 11 di and allowable loads may be Tnterpolated. Design valves shall be increased when The fonetation of nails into the member boing the point fs Targer than the required by this item. For wood:-to-wood joints, the spacing center to center of hails in the direction of stress shall not be less than one Half ofthe required penetration. Edge or end distances in Aa gieetion of stress shall not be less one half of he fequited: penetration, All spacing end edge and end “Tatances shall be such as to avoid splitting ofthe wood Holes for nails, where necessary to prevent splitting, shall be bored ofa diameter smaller than that of the nail. association of Structural Engineers of he Pippnes, Ine. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-69 ‘Table 619.3-1 Nailing Schedule Cannestion Dubie sti, fce nai 9. Doubled top plates typical face nail Double op plates, ap splice 11, Backing betwen joss or aero top plat, tonal 12, Rim joist top plat, toenail 13, Topplates laps and intersections, ace mail 14, Continous header, 190 pieses 1S, Ceiling joss to plat, tena 16, Continous header to stud, toenail 17. Ceiling jolts, tps ver partion, face mail 1B. Celng joss to perl rafters, face a 19, Rafer to plat, toenail 20, 28mm brace to each sud and pte fice nail 21,25 mm x200 mm sheathing or ess to each bearing, face nail 22. Wider than 25 mm x 200 rom sheathing to each bearing ace mail 23. Buil-upeamer studs 24 Builtupgider and beams 1 & —Studtosole pate 5 X 25. SO mmplanks 26, Wood stracural panels and particleboard Subfloe and wal sheathing (to faig) 12 mmand ess {6mm 20mm 22 m= 25 28 me 32 mm Combination sbflor-underlayment (to amin): 20 mm and less 22 om 2S mm 30 0m— 22 mm 27. Pane siding framing 12 mor kes Imm 28, iberbourd sheathing 12mm 201m 29. Ineroe paneling Gomme 10mm Nailing” [1 oist tos or ger, ocr 3-65 a) 2, Bridging joist, toenail each end 2-65mm 3, 28mx 150mm subfloor or ls 0 ech ois face nail 2-65.00 44, Wider than 25 mm x 150 mm sublet each ois face mail 3-65 2a 5. Simm subfloor to joist or ger blind and fae ail 2-907 66. Sole pate to jist or becking, typical face mail 90 mm at 400 mio Sole pate to jos or Bocking a braced wal pores 3.90 mm per 800 ‘Top pt tot end ail 290mm 465 mm, toenail or 2-80 mm nd al ‘90 mma 600 mn 8. ‘90 mm at 400 ma 06, 8.90 mm 3.65 mm 65 mm at 150 mm oc. 2.90.00 ‘90 mat 400 mm oe, ang each edge 3.65.0 465m 3-90. 3.90 mm 365 mm 2465 mn 2.65mi 3-65 mm, 90 mm at 60 mmo 100 re a 800 m0 top and bvtom and staggered 2-100 mat ends anda cach splice 2.90 mm at each bering som? {65 mim or SO mm? Sm! 75am 0c65 mm? ~ onan! sam? 75 mm or 65 mm? 50mm 65 nm! 10 rmx 40 min ® 50mm" ommx 30mm? 10 mmx 45 mum smn" mx 40:mm 40mm" 0m’ ‘ote for Table TET Common or bos nails may be used except where otherwise stated. [ails paced at 150 mm on center at edges, 300 mn at intermediate supports except 150:mm at all supports where spans are 1200 For nailing of wood structural ponel and particleboard dlaphragms and shear walls, refer to Sections 6143.3 and 614-4. Nails for ‘wall sheathing may be common, box or casing + Common or deformed shank, ‘National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7h Ealtion, First Printing, 20186-70 CHAPTER 6- Wood Common. Deformed shank Corvosion-resstan siding ar casing nails conforming fo the requirements of Section 603.3. Fasteners spaced 75 mov on cnter at exterior edges and 150 mm on center at intermediate supports CComvasion-resatan roofing nails with [0mm head al 40 nm lenge for 12 mam shecing and 43 mm length for 20.mm sheathing conforming tothe requirements of Section 603.3 Conrosion-resstat staples with nominal 10 mm crown 30 mm length I2.mm sheathing and 40 mm length fr 20 mm sheathing conforming tothe requirements of Section 603.3 Panel supports at 400 mm (S00 mm if strength axis nthe long direction ofthe panel, unless otherwise marked). Casing or finish nail spaced 150 mm on panel ed Panel supports at 600 mm. Casing or finish nails spaced 150 moon pane edges, 300 mm at intermediate supports 300 mm a intermediate supports ‘Table 619.3-2 Wood Structural Panel Roof Sheathing Nailing Schedule ' ROOF FASTENING ZONE™ . panel = [ z | 3 WIND REGION Nas LOCATION Fastening Schedule (amon center) Panel aes 150 150 100 Greater than 145 ‘mm common. rar than 145 tp 65 anal Field 150 150 150 Greaerhan T29¥H | GS, Panel edges 150 50 100 10 145 kph sim common. | — Panel Field 300 150 150 5 . von | Panet edges 150 150 150 129 kph or ess | 65 mmeommon | AoE =r — 8 “Applies only to mean roof heights up vo 10.5 m, Far mean roof eights over 10,5 m. the nailing shall be designed The rof fastening snes are shown in Figure 619.3. Fidge spacing also applies over roof framing at gable-end wail Use 65mm ringeshank ails ints zone if mean roof height is greater than 750m eae ne TT] 130m (inclu 300 mam overhang) 7 Sas oaaay | | A Figure 6193-1 Roof Fastening Zones, ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6-Wood 6-71 Table 619.3-3 Allowable Loads in Seasoned Wood for Common Wire Nails and Spikes (Normal Duration) - ‘Wilhdrawal Load fom Side Gran por Size of Nail or Spike (mm) 25 mm of Penevaion of Nail or Spike into | ___ Lateral Lod in ide Gran, (N) the Member Holding the Point (N) ; Tanai | Diameter Species Group Species Group Designation | “om | (omy [1 a 7 a W [10 50] 6s) 80S) S80) 3402s a0 Tas [930 aa vs | to | 60 | 750 | sio | ais | 200 | siso | toi | 830 | 695 a | to | 1s | sis | oo | a | 290 | 180 | sos | aos | ms | ois wos | 1s | 525 | oss | 43s | 268 | 170 | 920 | 790 | 650 | 40 1 too | too | 375 | so | ao | 24 | iss | ms | ros | seo | ans so | 9 | 400 | 495 | 34 | 210 | 130 | 640 | sso | 450 | 375 ct | a | as | 32s | ass | 3x0 | 190 | 120 | sss | 480 | 395 | 320 6 | 6s | 32s | 400 | 275 | 10 | tos | 468 | 400 | 325 | 2s s | so | so | 300 | 34 | ass | 14s | 90 | 370 | 320 | 260 | 220 s | ae | as | 9s | toss | ros | ass | ars | 2020 | inss | 142s | 1190 ws | 10 | so | so | soo | 360 | 230 | ass | 1320 | 108s | 905 p | iso | 150 | 70 | 730 | sas | 328 | 20s | 132s | tig | oss | 180 vo | 140 | 70 | 730 | 36 | 328 | 20s | t32s | ing | 98s | 780 1 fis | as | 67s | mas | 49s | 30s | ts | iiss | 1020 | sao | 700 no | 1s | 60 | 67 | 460 | 280 | 180 | 1060 | si0 | 750 | os x | 10 | 10 | sz | 20 | as | 260 | tes | o40 | sos | os | sss so | 9 | 525 | sto | 390 | 240 | 1so | si | m0 | sss | 490 ze | | so | 530 | 360 | 20 | 140 | mo | os | sas | as s_| | 3s so | 530 | 360 | 20 | so | mo | as | 3 | as 619.4 Joist Hangers and Framing Anchors m ma Connections depending upon joist hangers or framing anchors, ties and other mechanical fastenings not ‘otherwise covered may be used where approved 619.5 Miscellaneous Fasteners 619.5.1 Drift Bolts or Drift Pins Connections involving the use of drift bolts or pins shall ‘be designed in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Chapter: 619.5.1.1 Withdrawal Design Values Drift bolt and drift pin connections loaded in withdrawal shall be designed in accordance with good engineering practice, Figures 6195-1 to 619.5-3 are examples of ‘withdrawal connections. Figure 619.5-1 Basic Withdrawal Connection Figure 619.5-2 Withdrawal from End Grain (not allowed) National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Ealtion, First Printing, 20156:72 CHAPTER 6~ Wood ‘TOENAILIN ‘WITHDRAWAL |__ wan EMBER Pa Figure 619.5-3 Toenail Connection Withdrawal from Side Grain 619.5.1.2 Lateral Design Values Allowable lateral design values for drift bolts and drift pins driven in the side grain of wood shall not exceed 75 percent of the allowable lateral design values for common bolts of the same diameter and length in main member. a ‘Additional penetration of pin into members should be provided in lieu of the washer, head and nat on 8 common bolt 6195.2 Spike Grids Wood-to-woud connections involving spike grids for lateral load transfer shall be designed in accordance with ‘good engineering practice. 619.5.3 Wood Screws and Lag Serews Wood and lag serews shall be used where there is limited penetration, especially in a withdrawal design, as these provide greater resistance. Design of the serews shall be Pr aceordance with Table 619.5-1 and the provisions set forth in this Chapter. abte619.5-1. Allowable Loads in Wood Screws for Seasoned Wood (Normal Duration) “Withdrawal Load rom Sido Gran per 25 mim oF ' Screw Size Ceaer i thraded Porton, ND Lateral Load in Side Grain, (N) Diameter Species Group ‘Species Group (nm) 1 w ur Wv 1 in Mm v oS 10S TS 1370 950 3100 Hes 2190 1335 80 2318 1710 1180 820 29s 1970 1620 1350 75 2130 1370 oss 750 1935 1665 rr) 1140 10 1940 1430 98s 685 1610 1380 1135 94s 60 1750 1290 890 620 iis 130) 925 770 55 1565 uss 795 350 104s, 900 740 ois 50 1375 015 100 485 810 69s 310 475 45 1280 945 650 450 700 605 495 ais 40 Liss 875 605 420 60s 520 435 355 38, 1098 805 555 385 si0 440 360 300 35. 1000 2S S10 355 225 365 300 250 ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, inc, (ASEP)SECTION 620 — CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION DESIGN PROVISIONS 620.1 General The requirements in this section are intended for conventional light-frame construction, Other methods ‘may be used provided a satisfactory design is submitted showing compliance with other provisions of this code. Only the following occupancies may be constructed in accordance with this division: 1. One-, two- or three-story residential buildings, 2. One-story Occupancy Category IV buildings, as defined in Table 103-1, when constructed on a slab- on-grade floor. 3. Category V Occupancies 4, Top-story walls and roofs of Occupancy Category IV buildings not exceeding two stories of wood framing. 5. Interior non-load bearing partitions, ceilings and curtain walls in all occupancies Other approved repetitive wood members may be used in fiew of solid-sawn lumber in conventional construction provided these members comply with the provisions of this code. 620.2 Design of Portions 620.3 Additional Requirements for Conventional Construction in High-wind Areas Provisions for conventional construction in high-wind areas shall apply when specifically adopted. 6204 Additional Requirements for Conventional Construction in Seismic Zone 2 6204.1 Braced Wall Lines In areas under Seismic Zone 2 and where the basie wind speed obtained from Chapter 2 is not greater than 125 kph, buildings shall be provided with exterior and interior braced wall lines not exceeding 10.0 m on center in both the longitudinal and transverse directions in each story. CHAPTER 6-Wood 6.73 620.4.2 Veneer Anchored masonry and stone wall veneer shal not exceed 125 mm in thickness, eer 620.4.3 Unusually Shaped Buildings When of unusual shape, buildings of tight-fiame construction shall have a lateral-force-resisting system designed to resist the forces specified in Chapter 2. One oF more of the following shall be considered to constitute ‘an unusual shape: 620.4.3.1 When exterior braced wall panels, as required by Section 620.9.3, are not in one plane vertically from the foundation to the uppermost story in which they are required. Exceptions: Floors with cantilevers or setbacks not exceeding four times the nominal depth of he floor joists may support braced wall panels provided: 1. Floor joists are 50 mm by 250 mm or targer and spaced at not more than 400 mm on center. 2. The ratio of the adjacent span to the cantilever is at Teast 2 t0 1. 3. Floor joists at ends of braced wall panels are doubled. 4. A continuous rim joists is connected 10 ends of all cantilevered joists. The rim joist may be spliced using a metal tle not less than 1.5mm and 38 mm wide fastened with six 90 mm nails. 5. Gravity loads carried at the end of cantilevered joists are limited to uniform wall and roof load and the reactions from headers having a span of 2.40 m or less. 620.4.3.2 When a section of floor o roof is not laterally supported by braced wall lines on all edges. Exception: Portions of roofs or floors which do not support braced wall panels above may extend up t0 1.80 m beyond a braced wall line. 620.4.3.3 When the end of a required braced wall panel cextends more than 300 mm over an opening in the wall below. This provision is applicable to braced wall panels ofiset in plane and to braced wall panels offset out of plane as permitted by Section 620.5.3.1 with this exception, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156-74 CHAPTER 6 - Wood Exception: Braced wall panels may extend over an opening not more than 2.40 m. in width when the header is a 100 mm by 300 mm or larger member. 620.4.3.4 When an opening in a floor or roof exceeds the tesser of 3.60 m or 50 percent of the least floor or roof dimension. 620.43.5 Construction where portions of a floor level are ‘vertically offset such that the framing members on either side of the offset cannot be lapped or tied together in an approved manner as required by Section 620.7.3 Exception: Framing supported direcily by foundations 620.43.6 When braced wall lines do not occur in two perpendicular directions. 620.43-7 Other configurations which, in the opinion of the building official, create irregularities or discontinuities ‘which are not addressed by this Seetion. 620.44 Lumber Roof Decks Lumber roof decks shall have solid sheathing. 6204.5 Interior Braced Wall Support In one-story buildings, interior braced wall lines shall be supported on continuous foundations at intervals not exceeding 15,0 m, In buildings more than one-story if height, all interior braced wall panels shall be supported ‘on continuous foundations. Exception: Two-story buildings may have interior braced wall lines ‘supported on continuous foundations at intervals not ‘exceeding 15.0 m. provided: 1. Cripple wall height does not exceed 1.20 m. 2, First-floor braced wall panels are supported on doubied floor joists, continuous blocking, or floor beams. 3. Distance between bracing lines does not exceed twice the building width parallel to the braced wall ine, 6205 Girders Unless otherwise permitted by provisions in NSCP Volume Ill - Housing, girders for single-story construction of girders supporting loads from @ single floor shall not be less than 100 mm by 150 mm for spans 1.80 m or less, provided that girders are spaced not more than 2.40 m on center, Other girders shall be designed to support the loads specified in this code. Girder end joints shall occur over supports. When a girder is spliced over a support, an adequate tie shall be provided. The end of teams or girders supported on masonry or concrete shall not have less than 75 mm of bearing. 620.6 Floor Joists 620.6.1 General ‘The limits of defects by grade in joists and planks for seasoned wood are set forth in Table 615.1-1 620.6.2 Bearing Except where supported on a 25 mm by 100 mm ribbon strip and nailed to the adjoining stud, the ends of each joist shall not have Tess than 38 mm of bearing on wood ‘or metal, of less than 75 mm on masonry. 6206.3 Framing Details Joists shall be supported laterally at the ends and at each ‘support by solid blocking except where the ends of joists are nailed to a header, band or rim joist or to an adjoining stud oF by other approved means. Solid blocking shall not bbe less $0 mm in thickness and the full depth of joist Notches on the ends of joists shall not exceed one-fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in joists shall not be within 50 mm of the top or bottom of the joist and the diameter of any such hole shall not exceed one-third the depth of the joist. Notches in the top oF bottom of joists shall not exceed one-sixth the depth and shall not be located in the middle third of the span. Joist framing from opposite sides of a beam, girder or partition shall be lapped at least 75 ram or the opposing, joists shall be tied together in an approved manner. Joists framing into the side of a wood girder shall be supported by framing anchors or on ledger strips not less than 50 mm by 50 mm, Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)620.64 Frai ig Around Openings ‘Trimmer and header joists shall be doubled, or of lumber of equivalent cross section, when the span of the header exceeds 1.20 m, ‘The ends of header joists more than 1.80 m long shall be supported by framing anchors or Joist hangers unless bearing on a beam, partition or wall ‘Tail joists over 3.60 m long shall be supported at header by framing anchors or on ledger strips not less than 50 ‘mm by 50mm. 620.6.5 Supporting Bearing Partitions Bearing partitions perpendicular to joists shall not be offset from supporting girders, walls or pa than the joist depth Joists under and parallel to bearing partitions shall be doubled. 620.6.6 Blocking Floor joists shall be blocked when required by the provisions of Section 617.4.1.2 620.7 Subflooring 620.7.1 Lumber Subfloor Sheathing used as a structural sub-Mloor shall conform to the limitations set forth in Table 611.1-1 Joints in subflooring shall occur over supports unless end- ‘matched lumber is used in which case each piece shall bear on at least two joists. Subflooring may be omitted when joist spacing does not exceed 400 mm and 25 mm nominal tongue-and-zroove wood strip flooring is applied perpendicular to the joists 620.7.2 Wood Structural Panels Where used as structural subflooring, wood structural panels shall be as set forth in Tables 611.1-2 and 611.1-3. Wood structural panel combination subfloor underlayment shall have maximum spans as set forth in Table 611.14. When wood structural panel floors are glued to joists with an adhesive in accordance with the adhesive manufacturer's directions, fasteners may be spaced a ‘maximum of 300 mm on center at all supports. CHAPTER 6—Wood 6-75 620.73 Plank Flooring Plank flooring shall be designed in accordance with the general provisions of this code, In liew of such design, 50 mm tongue-and-groove planking may be used in accordance with Table 620.9-1 Joints in such planking may be randomly spaced, provided the system is applied to not less than three continuous spans, planks are center-matched| and end- ‘matched or splined, each plank bears on at least one support and joints are separated by at least 600 mm in adjacent pieces. 25 mm nominal strip square-edged flooring; 13 mm tongue-and-groove flooring or 9 mm ‘wood structural panel shall be applied at right angles to the span of the planks. The 9 mm plywood shall be applied with the face grain at right angles to the span of the planks, 620.7.4 Particleboard Where used as structural subflooring or as combined subfloor underlayment, particleboard shall be as set forth in Table 611.1-5. 6208 Particleboard Underlayment In accordance with approved recognized standards, particleboard floor underlayment shall conform to Type PBU. Underlayment shall not be less than 6 mm in thickness and shall be identified by the grade mark of an approved inspection agency. Underlayment shall be installed in accordance with this code and as recommended by the manufacturer, 620.9 Wall Framing 6209.1 Size, Height and Spacing ‘The size, height and spacing of studs shall be in accordance with Table 620,9-2 except that utility grade studs shal not be spaced more than 400 mm on center, or support more than a roof and ceiling, or exceed 2.40 m in height for exterior walls and load-bearing walls or 3.00 m for interior non load-bearing walls. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edtton, First Printing, 20156-76 CHAPTER 6 ~ Wood Table 620.9-1 Allowable Spans for 50 mm Tongue and Groove Decking Fable 620.91 Allowable Spans for 50 mm Tongue and Groove Decking r Deflection Limit SPAN! LIVE LOAD f Tao 13a E (nm) «ray copay x10" MPa ROOF r 0.96 110 17 176 v0 [A 1a 176 2.65 |——192 1.86 230 352 0.96 138 167 210 1350 Tat 86 250 279 192 2aI 333 5.00 i 0.96 17 229 3.45 1500 1a 227 341 Sit 192 289 455 689 | 096 207 305 455 eso fd 2.76 456 6.88 192 344 6.09 9.16 0.96 28 3:96 5.94 1800 1a 331 594 892 192 a4 79 119) 096 2.89 4.10 615 1950 14a 3.86 618 923 192 482 820 119) 0.96 338 627 937 2100 14 448 9.44 Be 192 358 2s 188 0.96 3.86 715 116 2250 Lat 37 16 114 192 6at 1385 23 0.96 4a 937 14.06 a Lat 3.86 Ta 24 FLOOR 1200 192 5.19 6.90 1350 192 655 9.00 1500 192 730 110 Spa are Bonne Be tion with OD AN ded load ad provisions or a 1300.8 concentrated lod on 30 mm iho Foo dectng, Random ley-p permite in accordance with the provisos of Section 62073 07 6209.11. Lumber ines assumed ‘ar 40 mm, net ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6 —Wood 6.77 Table 620.9-2 Size, Height and Spacing of Wood Studs r Bearing Walls Non-Bearing Walls susie | aealy | Simone | etme | ctweows, | ely Unsupported | Roof and Rar | Repanh® | Unsupported | Spacing Stud Height! | Ceiing Only |" CShine Cating, | S04 Height om) (amy Spacing (mn) w any 50x 75 = = = = 3.0 400 30 x 100 250 600 300 = a2 00 75 x 100 250 600 600 00 az 600 30 x 125 250 600 Cn a8 600 50x 150. 250 600 600 0 60 00 Listed heights ar distances between points of lateral sypport placed perpendicular tothe plane ofthe wall, Increases n wnpported height are permited where sified by an analysis Sal ot Be sed in exterior wal 6209.2 Framing Details Studs shall be placed with their wide dimension perpendicular to the wall. Not less than three studs shall be installed at each corner of an exterior wall. Exceptions: At comers, a third stud may be omitted through the use of wood spacers or backup cleats of 9 mm wood structural panel, 9 mm Type M “Exterior Glue” particle-board, 25 mm lumber or other approved devices that will serve ‘as an adequate backing for the attachment of facing materials. Where fire resistance ratings or shear values are involved, wood spacers, backup cleats or other devices shall not be used unless specifically approved for such use, Bearing and exterior wall studs shall be capped with double top plates installed 10 provide overlapping at comers and at intersections with other partitions. End joints in double top plates shall be offset at least 2.40 m. Exceptions A single top plate may be wsed, provided the plate is ‘adequately tied at joint, corners and intersecting walls by atleast the equivalent of 75 mm by 150 mm by 0.9 mm galvanized steel that is nailed to each wall or segment of wall by six 65 mm nails or equivalent, provided the rafters joists or trusses are centered over the studs with a tolerance of no more than 25 mm. ‘When bearing studs are spaced at 600 mm intervals an top plates are less than 50 mm by 150 mm or 70 mm by 100 mm members and when the floor joists, floor trusses. or roof trusses which they support are spaced at more than 400 mm intervals, such joists or trusses shall bear within 125 mm of the studs beneath or a third plate shall be installed Interior non-bearing partitions may be capped with a single top plate installed to provide overlapping at corners and at intersections with other walls and partitions. The plate shall be continuously tied at joints by solid blocking at least 400 mm in length and equal in size to the plate or by 3. mm by 38 mm metal ties with spliced sections fastened with two 90 mm nails on each side of the joint ‘Studs shall have fall bearing on a plate or sill not less than '50 mm thiek having @ width not less than that of the wall studs, National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156-78 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 620.9.3 Bracing Braced wall lines shall consists of braced wall panels which meet the requirements for location, type and mount of bracing specified in Table 6.24 and are in line tr offset from each other by not more than 1.20 m. Braced wall panels shall start at not more than 2.40 m from each end of a braced wall fine. All braced wall panels shall be clearly indicated on the plans. Construction of braced wall panels shall be by one of the following methods: 1. Nominal 25 mm by 100 mm continuous diagonal braces [et into top and bottom plates and intervening studs, placed at an angle not more than 60 degrees oF fess than 45 degrees fom the horizontal, and attached to the framing in conformance with Table 619.3-1 2, Wood boards of 16 mm net minimum thicknes applied diagonally on studs spaced not over 600 mm oon center. 3, Wood structural panel sheathing with a thickness not fess than 8 mm for 400 mm stud spacing and not less than 9 mm for 600 mm stud spacing in accordance with Tables 609.3-1 and 620.93. 4, Fiberboard sheathing 1.20 m by 2.40 m panels not fess than 13 mm thick applied vertically on studs spaced not over 406 mm on center when installed in aaccordance with Section 614.6 and Table 614.6-1 5, Gypsum board (sheathing 13 mm thick by 1.20 m ‘wide, wallboard or veneer base) on studs spaced not ver 600 mm on center and nailed at 175 mm on center with nails as required by Table 620.9-5. 6, Particleboard wall sheathing panels where installed in accordance with Table 620.9-6. 7. Portland cement plaster on studs spaced 400 mm on center installed in accordance with Table 620.9-5. 8. Hardboard panel siding when installed in accordance with Section 609.6 and Table 609.6-1, User Note: Method 1 is not permitted in the Philippines. For cripple wall bracing, see Section 620.9.5. For ‘Methods 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8, each braced pane! rmust be at feast 1.20 m in length, covering three stud spaces where studs are spaced 400 mm apart and covering two stud spaces where studs are spaced 600 mm apart For Method 5, each braced wall panel must be at least 2.40 m in length when applied to one face of @ braced ‘wall panel and 1,20-m when applied to both faces. ‘All vertical joints of panel sheathing shall occur over studs, Horizontal joints shall oceur over blocking equal in size to the studding except where waived by the installation requirements for the specific sheathing materials. Braced wall panel sole plates shall be nailed to the floor framing and top plates shall be connected to the framing, above in accordance with Table 619.3-1. Sills shall be poited to the foundation or slab. Where joists are perpendicular to braced wall fines above, blocking shall be provided under and in line with the braced wall panels. 620.94 Alternate Braced Panels ‘Any braced wall panel required by Section 620.9.3 may ‘be replaced by an alternate braced wall pane! constructed in accordance with the following: 1. tn one-story buildings, each panel shall have @ fength of not less than 800 mmm and a height of not more than 3.0 m. Each panel shall be sheathed on one face with 9 mm plywood sheathing nailed with 65mm common or galvanized box nails in accordance with Table 619.3-1 and blocked at all plywood edges. Two anchor bolts installed shall be provided in each panel ‘Anchor bolts shall be placed at panel quarter points. Bach panel end stud shall have a tie-down device fastened to the foundation, capable of providing an capacity of not less than 820 KN. The ‘shall be installed in accordance with tie-down de the manufacturer's recommendations. The panels shall be supported directly on a foundation or on floor framing supported directly ons foundation which is continuous across the entire length of the braced wall line. This foundation shall be reinforced ‘with not less than one 12 mm bar top and bottom, 2, In the first story of two-story buildings, each braced wall panel shall be in accordance with Section 620.94, Item 1, except that the plywood sheathing shall be provided on both faces, three anchor bolts shall be placed at one-fifth points, ond tie-down ‘device uplift capacity shall not be less than 13.5 KN. ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Phiippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTER 6 -Wood 6-79 ‘Table 620.9-2 Braced Wall Panels ! Seismic Braced Pane! Location and Length von Condition 7 TTF : i z ‘One-story, top oftwo orthree- |X |X | x Each end and not more than 7.5 m= story ‘on center First- story of wo-story or XPXPR |x] x Pep xyx second-story of three-story Firststory of three-story XR eye x x a ‘One-story, top af two-story oF x PX |X |X |X [XO] X | Bach end and not more than 75 m three-story on center | First-story of two-story or PR PR PRY X [XP X | Bach end and not more than 7.5m second of three-story ‘on center but not less than 25% of building length” Firststory of three-siory KP X |X | XP X | Xe] X | Bach end and not more than 7.5m ‘on center but not less than 40% of building tength” This table specifies minima requirements for braced panels which form interior or exterior braced wal lines. ‘See Section 820.9.3 for fl description 2 See Section 20.9: for alternate braced parel requirement + Building lengoh is the dimension parallel othe braced wall length. 5 Gypsum wallboard applied o syppors at 400 mm on center *Nonpermitted for bracing cripple walls in Seismic Zane 4. Sze Section 620.8. “The required lengths shall be doubled for gypsum board applied to only one face ofa braced wal pane. Table 620,93 Cripple Wall Bracing Seismic 7 “Amount oF Cripple Wall Bracing Condition Zone (ov) 2 | One sory above | TOmm wood siractral panel wit Srv at 1507300 ma alling on 30 percent o wal Teng minimars cripple wall “Fwo-story above | TOmm wood sractral panel with @Smmat 1007300" man naling on 40 percent of wall engih minimum cripple wall or . hmm wood strctral panel with 65mm at 150/300 mn niting on 60 percent of wail ength minimums J] One siory above] T0nm wood sractural panel with 6Smm at 150/300 mm naling on 60 percent of wall enath miniumy cripple wall "Too-story above] Timm wood stroctural panel wih GSram at 1007300 man naling on 50 percent of wal Tenth minimum cripple wall or 10mm wood structural panel wth 65mm at 150/300 mm naling on 75 percent of wall length imum Braced pane! length shall beat least to times the height ofthe cripple wall but not less than 1200 mm 2 Allpanels along a wall shall Be nearly ogual in length and shall be nearly equal spaced along the length of the wall “Table 620.9-4 Wood Structural Panel Wal Sheathing” (Not exposed tothe weather, strength axis parallel or perpendicular to studs) Siad Spacing (am) Minimum Siding Nailed to ‘Sheathing under Coverings Spesiied im Thickness Papel Span Rating Studs Section 620.93 (nm) ‘Shouting Parallel Sheathing Studs Perpendicular © Studs 7 T6I0, 1670, 2070 Wall ~ 400 mano 00 5 400 10,12} 1610, 2600, 247, 32/16 Wall 600 mm 0. 600 00 oa 10, 12 ‘2Ai0, 24/16, 32/16 Wall - 600 mm. 0. 600 “600 600, 7 Inveference to Section 6209.3, blocking of horizontal joints snot required. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, First Printing, 20156.80 CHAPTER 6 -Wood Table 6209-5 Allowable Sher for Wind or Ses ores in Newton perm for Vertes! Diaphragms of Lath ‘and Plaster or Gypsum Board Frame Wall Assemblies ' f Nail Spacing Thickness of | Wall Shear 4 typearMecrat | meet | atin | Maxim | Vag | Minimum a sive!ommy eum : 1. Expanded metal, or | woven wie lath se 40 mm long, 10mm head and portland 22mm Unblocked 150 2628 | Staple, 22 mm legs Gement plese 2 Gypaum ath To than 5 Staple, 30 Tong, 6m ead 12mm plaster_| Unblocked bes 1460 | plasterboard blued nail 5 Gypsum seating | T2mm x 600 Oy Sef a5 mn tong, 10 mm ead, board 2400 mm_ ablated 00 1095 | giamond-point, galvanized Timm x 200mm | — Blocked Too Pass ‘dmx 200mm | Unblocked [175 [1460 | Gypsum wallboard Tram di, 4D Tong, mm ‘or veneer base 15 1460 | head) or wallboard (2 mm dia, yam — | Unblocked. |_| —_] Foro re 300 1825 | 6 mm head) 5 Ts [1 Blocked To 2100 Cioked |S 118 5 i, 4m ng, 6 FOO P2117} in ead wad 25m dia, 50 mm long, Boe enn ‘st 00 _| 2855 | 6mmhead) Base ply= OS mn da SO mm Tong 6 mm hea) oF wallboard (23 mm di, 50:mim fog, 6 am hea) Blocked Base ply: 228 3650 | Fave ply (3.0mm din, 60.mm Two ply Face ply: 175 Jong, 6 mm head) or wallboard (3.0 mm di, 60 mam tong, 10 nm head) These vertical diaphragms shall not be wsed 10 Teaing duet ind ond 0 seismic loading Sand 4 shal be reduced 50 percent for loading due to earthquake in Seismic Zone 4. “Apples to mailing at all studs, top and bottom plates, and blocking ‘Merate mil may be ued if their dimensions are not less than the speifedcimension. Values show mast be reduced 23 percent for normal loading. The values shown in Items 2 resist loads imposed by masonry or concrete consiruction. Values shown ae for short-term ‘Table 620,9-6 Allowable Spans for Particleboard Wall Sheathing, 1 (Not exposed to the weather, long dimension of the pan parallel or perpendicular to studs) ‘hud Spacing (mm) 5 ‘Sheathing under Coverings Specified RAL THI mn GRADE! TCKNESS (mm) J ging Nailed to Studs in Section 620.9.3 Parallel or Perpendicular to Studs MET 10 400 400 MS M2"Exterior Gine™ 2 400 007 “nraferoce to Section 620.9.3, blocking of horizomial joints snot required, ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)6209.5 Cripple Walls Foundation cripple walls shall be framed of studs not less in size than the studding above with a minimum length of 350 mm, of shall be framed of solid blocking. When exceeding 1.20 m in height, such walls shall be framed of studs having the size required for an additional story Cripple walls having a stud height exceeding 350 mm shall be braced in accordance with Table 620.94. Solid blocking or wood structural panel sheathing may be used to brace cripple walls having a stud height of 350 mm or less. In Seismie Zone 4, Method 7 is not permitted for bracing any cripple wall studs. Spacing of boundary nailing for required wall bracing shall not exczed 150 mm on center along the foundation plate and the top plate of the cripple wall. Nail size, nail spacing for field nailing and more restrictive boundary nailing requirements shall be as required elsewhere in the ‘Chapter forthe specific bracing material used, 620.9.6 Headers Headers and lintels shall conform to the requirements set forth in this paragraph and together with their supporting, systems shall be designed to support the loads specified in this code. All openings 1.20 m wide or less in bearing ‘walls shall be provided with headers consisting of either two pieces of 50 mm framing lumber placed on edge and securely festened together or 100 mm lumber of ‘equivalent cross section. All openings more than 1.20 m. wide shall be provided with headers of lintels. Each end of lintel or header shall have a length of bearing of not less than 38 mm for the full width of the lintel. 620.9.7 Pipes in Walls Stud partitions containing plumbing, heating, or other pipes shall be so famed and the joists undemeath so Spaced as to give proper elearance for the piping. Where 2 partition containing such piping runs parallel tothe floor josis, the joisis underneath such partitions shall be oubied and spaced to permit the passage of such pipes and shall be bridged, Where plumbing, heating ot other pipes are placed in ot partly in a partion, necessitating the cutting of the soles or plates, « metal tie not less than 1.5 mm (16 galvanized gage) and 38 mm wide shall be fastened to each plate aeross and to each side of the opening with not less than six 90 mm nails CHAPTER 6—Wood 6-81 620.9.8 Bridging Unless covered by interior or exterior wall coverings or sheathing meeting the minimum requirements of this Chapter, all stud partitions or walls with studs having a Ineight-to-least thickness ratio exceeding 50 shall have bridging not less than 50 mm in thickness and of the same width as the studs fitted snugly and nailed thereto to provide adequate lateral support 620.9.9 Cutting and Nothing In exterior walls and bearing partitions, any wood stud may be cut or notched to a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width, Cutting or notching of studs to a depth not greater than 40 percent of the width of the stud is permitted in nonbearing partitions supporting no loads ‘ther than the weight of the partition, 620.9.10 Bored Holes Bored holes may be permitted in any wood stud provided the holes are not greater than 40 percent of the stud width. Bored holes not greater than 60 percent of the width of the study is permitted in nonbearing panitions or in any ‘wall where each bored stud is doubled, provided not more than two such successive doubled studs are so bored. In no case shall the edge of the bored hole be nearer than 16 mm to the edge of the stud. Bored holes shall not be located atthe same section of stud as a cut or notch. 620.9.11 Roof and Ceiling Framing 620.9.11.1 General ‘The framing details requited in this section apply to roofs having a minimum slope of 3 units vertical in 12 units hhorizantal (25% slope) or greater. When the roof slope is less than 3 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25% slope), members supporting raflers and ceiling joists such 1s ridge board, hips and valleys shall be designed as beams. 620.9.11.2 Framing Rafters shall be framed directly opposite each other at the ridge. There shall be a ridge board at least 25 mm nominal thickness at all ridges and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter. At all valleys and hips there shall be a single valley of hip rafter not less than 50 mm nominal thickness and not less than the eut of the rafter. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Ecition, First Printing, 20156-82 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 6209.11.3 Notches and Holes Notching at the ends of rafters of ceiling joists shall not texceed one fourth the depth. Notches in the top oF bottom (of the rafter or ceiling joist shall not exceed one sixth the ‘depth and shall not be located in the middle one third of the span, except that a notch not exceeding one third of the depth is permitted in the top of the rafter or eciling joist not further from the face of the support than the depth of the member. Holes bored in rafters or ceiling joists shall not be within 50 mm of the top and bottom and their diameter shall not exceed one third the depth of the member 6209.11.4 Framing Around Openings ‘Trimmer and header rafters shall be doubled, or of lumber of equivalent cross section, when the span of the header fexceeds 1.20 m. The ends of header rafters more than 1.80 m long shall be supported by framing anchors ot rafter hangers unless bearing on a beam, partition or wall, 620.9.11.8 Rafter Ties Rafter shall be nailed to adjacent ceiling joists to form a ‘continuous tie between exterior walls when such joists are pall to the rafters, Where not parallel, rafter shall be fied to 25 mm by 100 mm (nominal) minimum-size ‘erossties. Rafter ties shall be spaced not more than 1.20 1 ‘on center. 6209.11.6 Purlins “The maximum span of $Omm by 150 mm puelins shal! be 1.80 m but in no case shal the purlins be smaller than SO tim by 100 mm members. The unbraced length of struts Shall not exceed 2.40 m and the minimum slope of the struts shall be 45 degrees from the horizontal. 620.9.11.7 Blocking Roof rafters and ceiling joists shall be supported laterally to prevent rotation and lateral displacement when required by Section 616. Roof trusses shall be supported laterally at points of bearing by solid blocking or by other equivalent means (0 prevent rotation and lateral

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