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Network Protocol

Network protocols define rules for how devices connect and exchange data on a network. Common network protocols include Ethernet, LocalTalk, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM. Ethernet is the most widely used and can transmit data at speeds up to 1000 Mbps over cables like twisted pair, coaxial, or fiber optic. Other protocols like LocalTalk, Token Ring, and ATM operate at varying speeds and use different connection topologies and media. Network protocols ensure consistent communication between nodes on a network.

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56 views

Network Protocol

Network protocols define rules for how devices connect and exchange data on a network. Common network protocols include Ethernet, LocalTalk, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM. Ethernet is the most widely used and can transmit data at speeds up to 1000 Mbps over cables like twisted pair, coaxial, or fiber optic. Other protocols like LocalTalk, Token Ring, and ATM operate at varying speeds and use different connection topologies and media. Network protocols ensure consistent communication between nodes on a network.

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death note
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NETWORK

PROTOCOL

BY
Overview
•What is Network Protocol?
•Types of Protocols
•Compare the Network Protocols
•Network Diagramming
•Network Protocol Overview
What is a Network Protocol
Network Definition
• A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices
connected in some ways so as to be able to exchange data.
• Each of the devices on the network can be thought of as a node; each
node has a unique address
Network Protocol
• Rules of Network Protocol include guidelines that regulate the following
characteristics of a network: access method, allowed physical topologies,
types of cabling, and speed of data transfer.

Types of Network Protocol


The most common network protocols are:
1. Ethernet
2. Local Talk
3. Token Ring
4. FDDI
5. ATM
Ethernet
• The Ethernet
protocol is by far
the most widely
used one.
Ethernet uses an
access method called CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple
Access/Collision Detection).
• This is a system where each computer listens to the cable before
sending anything through the network. If the network is clear, the
computer will transmit.
• If some other nodes have already transmitted on the cable, the
computer will wait and try again when the line is clear.
• Sometimes, two computers attempt to transmit at the same instant.
A collision occurs when this happens.
• Data can be transmitted over wireless access points, twisted pair,
coaxial, or fiber optic cable at a speed of 10 Mbps up to 1000
Mbps.
Local Talk
• The method used by Local Talk is called CSMA/CA (Carrier
Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance).
• Local Talk adapters and special twisted pair cable can be used to
connect a series of computers through the serial port.
• The Macintosh operating system allows the establishment of a
peer-to-peer network without the need for additional software.
• The Local Talk protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree
topologies using twisted pair cable.
• A primary disadvantage of Local Talk is low speed. Its speed of
transmission is only 230 Kbps.
Token Ring
• The computers are connected so that the signal travels around the
network from one computer to another in a logical ring.
• A single electronic token moves around the ring from one
computer to the next.
• If a computer does not have information to transmit, it simply
passes the token on to the next workstation.
• The Token Ring protocol requires a star-wired ring using twisted
pair or fiber optic cable.
• It can operate at transmission speeds of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps.
• Due to the increasing popularity of Ethernet, the use of Token
Ring in school environments has decreased.
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
• Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network protocol that
is used primarily to interconnect two or more local area networks,
often over large distances.
• The access method used by FDDI involves token-passing. FDDI
uses a dual ring physical topology.
• A major advantage of FDDI is high speed. It operates over fiber
optic cable at 100 Mbps.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network protocol that
transmits data at a speed of 155 Mbps and higher.
• ATM works by transmitting all data in small packets of a fixed
size; whereas, other protocols transfer variable length packets.
• ATM supports a variety of media such as video, CD-quality audio,
and imaging. ATM employs a star topology, which can work with
fiber optic as well as twisted pair cable.
• ATM is most often used to interconnect two or more local area
networks.
• It is also frequently used by Internet Service Providers to utilize
high-speed access to the Internet for their clients.
• As ATM technology becomes more cost-effective, it will provide
another solution for constructing faster local area networks.
Compare the Network Protocols

Protocol Cable Speed Topology

Twisted Pair, Linear Bus,


Ethernet 10 Mbps
Coaxial, Fiber Star, Tree

Fast Twisted Pair,


100 Mbps Star
Ethernet Fiber

LocalTal Twisted Pair .23 Mbps Linear Bus


k or Star

4 Mbps -
Token Star-Wired
Twisted Pair 16
Ring Ring
Mbps

FDDI Fiber 100 Mbps Dual ring

Twisted Pair, 155-2488 Linear Bus,


ATM
Fiber Mbps Star, Tree
Network Diagram
Network Protocol Overview
• The OSI model, and any other network communication model,
provides only a conceptual framework for communication between
computers, but the model itself does not provide specific methods
of communication.
• Actual communication is defined by various communication
protocols.
• In the context of data communication, a protocol is a formal set of
rules, conventions and data structure that governs how computers
and other network devices exchange information over a network.
• In other words, a protocol is a standard procedure and format that
two data communication devices must understand, accept and use
to be able to talk to each other.

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