Isolated Footing with Eccentric loading

Factored Load Pu = 1000 KN Service load 666.667 KN

factor biaxial Mo. Mu = 120 KNm
Safe B.C qa = 200 KN/m2 at h = 1250 mm
for footing, fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = x
415 N/mm2
fck = 2
x
for column, 25 N/mm
fy = 415 N/mm2 850
Size of Column dc = 500 mm dia of bar = 25 mm y y
b= 300 mm no of bars = 8 nos.
As the moment is reversible, the footing should be symmetric with respect to the column. 300 B
Assuming the weight of the footing plus backfill to constitute about 15 percent of Pu, 2.00
resultant eccentricity of loading at footing base, 500
e= 104 mm (15% increase in load)

• Assuming e < L/6 (i.e., L > 624 mm

1000 *1.15 + 120 ≤ 200 * 1.5 kN/m2 x
BL L= 975
2
BL /6 2.450

300BL^2 - 1150L - 720 ≥ 0

various combinations of width B and length L can satisfy the above equation.
Assuming B (m) = 1 ⇒ L (m) ≥ 4.381
B(m) = 1.5 ⇒ L (m) ≥ 3.076
B(m) = 2 ⇒ L (m) ≥ 2.414
An economical proportion of the base slab is generally one in which the projection beyond the face of column
(or pedestal) is approximately equal in both directions (for effective two-way behaviour, i.e., (L – a)/2 ≈ (B – b)/2
Assume, L= 2.450 m Length is OK
B= 2.00 m Rectangular footing

Thickness of footing slab based on shear

Net soil pressure at ultimate loads (assuming a load factor of 1.5)
qu,max = 264.1 kN/m2
0.264 N/mm2
qu,min = 144.107 kN/m2
0.144 N/mm2

(a) One-way shear

Longitudinal direction
The critical section is at a distance d from the column face .
Factored shear force Vu1 = 0.264 x 2000 x (975- d)
= 514800 - 528d N
Pt % = 0.25
Assuming τc = 0.36 MPa (for M20 concrete) IS 456:Table 19 of the Code],
One-way shear resistance Vc1 = 720d N
Vu1 ≤ Vc1 ⇒ 514800 - 528d ≤ 720d
⇒d≥ 412.50 mm

Transverse direction
The critical section is at a distance d from the column face .
Factored shear force Vu1 = 0.264 x 2450 x (850- d)
= 549780 - 646.8d N
Pt % = 0.25
Assuming τc = 0.36 MPa (for Mm concrete)
One-way shear resistance Vc1 = 882d N
Vu1 ≤ Vc1 ⇒ 549780 - 646.8d ≤ 882d
⇒d≥ 359.62 mm IS 456:Table 19 of the Code],

b) Two-way shear
The critical section is at d/2 from the periphery of the column all around
Factored shear force Vu2 = 0.264 x [4900000 -(300 + d) * (500 +d)]
Assuming d = 413.00 mm (obtained earlier† )
Vu2 = 1121744.184 N
Two-way shear resistance Vc2 = ks x τc×[2(dc+b+2d) d]
where ks = 0.5 + bc = 1
τc= 0.25*sqrt(fck)= 1.118 Mpa
Vu2 ≤ Vc2 ⇒ 1121744.184 ≤ 1788.8d + 4.472 d^2
Solving, d ≥ 339 mm (refer Cl. 31.6.3.1 of the Code)
Assuming a effective cover of 75 mm and 16 φ bars in both directions,
thickness D ≥ 504.00 mm
Prov D = 510 mm. The effective depths in the two directions will differ by one bar diameter, which is not significant.
For the purpose of flexural reinforcement calculations, an average value of d may be assumed:
⇒ dy = 419 mm
⇒ dx = 435 mm
Assuming unit weights of concrete = 24 kN/m3
unit weights of Soil = 18 kN/m3
actual gross pressure at footing base (under service loads) 10 16 φ
2
.8 435
q= 201.598 KN/m 2 975
>=450mm 419
< 200 kN/m 2 ldt
revise depth cal. - 386 12 16 φ
510
c) Design of flexural reinforcement 932 .7
i) Longitudinal direction : Ldt 64 264.1
144.107 10
Factored moment at column face : 21
204.1 216.3
Mu = 235856853.35 Nmm
⇒ R = Mu / Bdx2 = 0.623 N/mm2
⇒()pt,reqd = fck/2fy[1-sqrt(1-4.598*R/fck)]
0.179 % 2000 300
Ast,min 0.0012 BD = 1224 mm2
⇒ pt,min = 0.141 % OK 500
Hence,assumed reinf. is more than reqd reinforcement
Pt % = 0.25 IS 456:Table 19 ],
τc = 0.36 MPa (for M20 concrete)
2450
⇒ Ast,pvd = 2175 mm2
Using 16 mm φ bars, number of bars required = 10.82 nos
corresponding spacing S = 188.44 mm
Provide 11 nos 16 mm bars @ 185 mm spacing in short span

ii) Tranverse direction:

Factored moment at column face :
Mu = 207140750.0 Nmm
⇒ R = Mu / Ldy2 = 0.482 N/mm2
⇒()pt,reqd = fck/2fy[1-sqrt(1-4.598*R/fck)]
0.137 %
Ast,min 0.0012 LD = 1499.4 mm2
⇒ pt,min = 0.146 % increase
Hence,required reinf. is less than minimum reinforcement
Pt % = 0.25 IS 456:Table 19 ],
τc = 0.36 MPa (for M20 concrete)
⇒ Ast,pvd = 2566.375 mm2
Using 16 mm φ bars, number of bars required = 12.76 nos
corresponding spacing, S = 195.51 mm
Provide 13 nos 16 mm bars @ 195 mm spacing in long span

d) Development length in tension :

Required development length Ld = φ(0.87*fy)/4*τbd [refer Cl. 26.2.1 of Code]
For M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel, τbd = 1.2 N/mm2
Ld = 47 φ [where, 1.6 factor due to deformed bars]
For 16 φ bars in footing, Ldt = 752 mm
Length available in long. Dirn = 900 Ld is OK
Length available in trans. Dirn = 775 Ld is OK

e) Transfer of force at column base

• Factored compressive force at column base: Pu = 1000 KN
Limiting bearing stress at column-footing interface, f br, max = 0.45 fck*sqrt(A1/A2)
(i) for column face, fck = 25 Mpa A1=A2 = 150000 mm2
⇒ fbr, max - col = 11.25 Mpa
(i) for footing face, fck = 20 MPa A1 = 4900000 A2 = 150000 mm2
⇒sqrt(A1/A2)= 5.72 limited to2.0 = 2
⇒ fbr, max- ftg = 18 Mpa
• Evidently, the column face governs, and fbr, max = 11.25 Mpa
⇒ Limiting bearing resistance Fbr = 1687.5 KN
no need to embed bar nd can design with minm. requirement
⇒ Excess force (to be transferred by reinforcement):
ΔPu = -687.5 KN -687.5
This may be transferred by reinforcement, dowels or mechanical connectors.
no transfer is possible in column footing interface,may extended into footing

Required development length of the 25 φ bars provided in the column

assuming a stress level equal to (0.87fy) × (ΔPu/Pu), and M 20 concrete with Fe415 steel (in compression)
For fully stressed bars in compression (M 20, Fe 415): Ld = 37.6 φ
⇒ ~Ld = Ld × ΔPu/Pu = -646 mm
Available vertical embedment length in footing Ldc = 386 mm OK
The bars are bent (with 90o standard bend) into the footing, and may rest directly on the top of the reinforcement layer in the footing,
The balance, -1032 mm extending these bars into the footing beyond the bend.
A total extension of -932 mm needs to be provided beyond the bend point
Partial safety facotr = 1.5

975

B= 1 1.5 2
a 300 450 600
b -1150 -1150 -1150
c -720 -720 -720
root are 4.381136 3.075753 2.413807
-0.547803 -0.520198 -0.49714
2450
2000

a 4.472
b 1788.8
c -1121744
root is 339.2933 -739.2933
 q value distance
144.107 0
264.057 2.450
mid ? 1.225 204.1 0.2041
face along long 1.475 216.3 0.2163
face along trans at 0.234

20 25 30 35 40
1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9

some of the condition for design reinforcement in central band along width of footing
⇒ if length is greater than width with 500mm or more
⇒ two way rectangular footing
Ast to be provided within a central band width B = 2000 mm is:
area of reinf in cental band = total in short*(2/(b +1)) where, b =L/B
0.1313 %
Ast, = 1100.225 mm2 nos = 5 spacing = 414 mm
spacing of outer segment = 150 mm design as per req reinf
• calculate area and nos. with uniform spacing within the central band of width and
atleast same spacing in outer segment with atleast 2 no of same size bar in each side
 for footing for column
fck fy fck fy B.C depth gcon
20 415 25 415 1000 24

Label Pu Mu qa dc b e L> B
Column
No. Name (KN) (KNm) (KN/m2) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1000 120 200 500 300 104 626 2
gsoil τbd
18 1.2

One way shear

Long. Tran. Two way shear
L(m) qu,max qu,min Pt % = τc = d≥ d≥ dt1 ≥ dt2 ≥ d adop
(m) KN/m2 KN/m2 N/mm2 mm mm mm mm mm
2.45 264.057 144.107 0.25 0.36 413 360 339.37606 -739.3761 413
assume 75
e.c & 16 dia
bar Flexure Reinf. in Longitudinal dirn Flexure Re
D≥ D prov q a,obt provided dia bar Ast Ld tension status provided
mm mm status status φ required Provided Ld tension status
504 510 B.C OK Steel OK 16 11 nos @ 185 47 φ Ld is OK Steel OK
 Length
beyond
Flexure Reinf. in transverse dirn Check for central band column in
dia bar Ast Ld tension status Design. long
φ required Provided Ld tension
16 13 nos @ 195 47 φ Ld is OK design as per required reinf. 975
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 mid

Length
beyond
column in
trans stress at different section
mi
d L mid long d/2 tran d/2
850 0.144 0.264 0 ### ###### 0.204 0.2162 0.234
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 #VALUE! 0.000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 16
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 25
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 28
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE! 32
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### #VALUE! #VALUE!