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Dataguard Theory

Oracle provides several high availability solutions including Data Guard, Real Application Clusters, replication, and Golden Gate. Data Guard is a low cost, high availability solution that uses a primary database and standby database(s) to provide redundancy. The primary database is the production database, while the standby database is a replica that can take over if the primary fails. There are two types of standby databases: physical standby, which is a block-level replica maintained through redo logs, and logical standby, which uses SQL to apply changes and allows some object manipulation.

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Sirish Honnalli
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87 views

Dataguard Theory

Oracle provides several high availability solutions including Data Guard, Real Application Clusters, replication, and Golden Gate. Data Guard is a low cost, high availability solution that uses a primary database and standby database(s) to provide redundancy. The primary database is the production database, while the standby database is a replica that can take over if the primary fails. There are two types of standby databases: physical standby, which is a block-level replica maintained through redo logs, and logical standby, which uses SQL to apply changes and allows some object manipulation.

Uploaded by

Sirish Honnalli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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`HIGH AVAILABILITY:- IT IS A CONCEPT WHICH DEFINES HOW LONG A SERVICE CAN BE

PROVIDED WITHOUT DOWNTIME.


ORACLE PROVIDES VARIOUS H.A. SOLUTIONS

1. DATA GUARD
2. REAL APPLICATION CLUSTERS
3. REPLICATION
4. GOLDEN GATE

DATA GUARD IS A TECHNOLOGY THAT WAS INTRODUCED BY ORACLE IN ITS VER 7 DATABASE. AT
THAT TIME IT WAS KNOWN AS STANDBY DATABASE. FROM ORACLE 9i ONWARDS STANDBY DATABASE
IS KNOWN AS DATAGUARD AND IT IS HIGHLY ADVANCED COMPARED TO ORACLE 7. IT IS BY
DEFAULT AVAILABLE WITH ORACLE ENTERPRISE EDITION.
DATA GUARD IS A LOW COST , HIGH AVAILIBILITY SOLUTION FOR 24X7 DATABASES.

IN DATA GUARD IMPLEMENTATION THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DATABASES

1. PRIMARY DATABASE
2. STANDBY DATABASE

THE PRIMARY DATABASE IS THE PRODUCTION DATABASE.

THE STANDBY DATABASE IS A REPLICA/CLONE/COPY OF THE PRODUCTION DATABASE

THE PRIMARY DATABASE AND THE STANDBY DATABASE MUST BE ON SEPARATE SERVERS , INCASE
THE PRIMARY DATABASE WILL CRASH THE STANDBY WILL BE PROMOTED TO PRIMARY ROLE AND
SERVES THE USERS.

FROM ORACLE 9i ONWARDS THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF STANDBY DATABASES

1. PHYSICAL STANDBY
2. LOGICAL STANDBY

PHYSICAL STANDBY IS A BLOCK PER BLOCK REPLICA OF THE PRIMARY DATABASE. THE PHYSICAL
STANDBY DATABASE IS KEPT UPTO DATE WITH THE PRIMARY DATABASE BY CONSTANT
APPLICATION OF REDO-LOGS FROM THE PRIMARY DATABASE TO THE STANDBY DATABASE. THIS
TYPE OF STAND BY DATABASE IS MOST POPULAR AS IT PERFORMS BETTER THAN LOGICAL
STANDBY DUE TO DIRECT REDO-LOG APPLY.
IN 10g DATAGUARD WORKS AS DESCRIBED BELOW:-
WHEN LOGS ARE BEING APPLIED TO THE PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABASE THEN WE CANNOT READ OR
WRITE ANY DATA IN THAT DATABASE. IT IS KNOWN AS MANAGED RECOVERY MODE (MRM). IF
REQUIRED WE CAN OPEN THE PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABASE IN READ ONLY MODE AND PERFORM
REPORTING ON THAT DATABASE. WHEN STANDBY DATABASE IS OPEN IN READ ONLY MODE THEN
PRIMARY DATABASE REDO WILL TRANSFER TO STANDBY SITE BUT WILL NOT APPLY TO THE
STANDBY DATABASE, THIS WILL CAUSE THE TWO DATABASES TO DIVERGE.
WHENEVER THE STANDBY DATABASE IS PUT BACK IN MRM MODE THEN THE ARCHIVED REDO WILL
BE APPLIED TO THE STANDBY AND IT WILL BE UPTO DATE ONCE AGAIN.
IN 11G DATAGUARD THE PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABASE CAN BE OPEN EVEN WHILE IT IS UNDER
MANAGED RECOVERY MODE , THIS IS KNOWN AS 11G ACTIVE DATAGUARD BUT ITS
IMPLEMENTATION WILL NEED AN ADDITIONAL LICENSE FROM ORACLE.

LOGICAL STANDBY DATABASE IS A REPLICA/CLONE OF THE PRIMARY DATABASE BUT WILL NOT BE
EXACTLY THE SAME AS PRIMARY DURING ITS LIFETIME. IT WILL ALWAYS BE OPEN IN READ
ONLY MODE BUT YET, LOGS WILL APPLY FROM THE PRIMARY DATABASE. THE LOGICAL STANDBY
DATABASE DOES NOT SUPPORT DIRECT REDO APPLICATION, IT REQUIRES LOGMINER TO EXTRACT
THE SQL FROM THE LOGFILES AND THEN APPLY THE SQL TO THE STANDBY DATABASE (THIS IS
KNOWN AS SQL APPLY), THIS MAKES ITS PERFORMANCE SLOW.
THE LOGICAL STANDBY DATABASE WILL ALLOW THE USERS TO CREATE NEW DATABASE OBJECTS
AND MANIPULATE THOSE OBJECTS BUT IT DOES NOT ALLOW ANY MANIPULATION TO THE
REPLICATED OBJECTS FROM THE PRIMARY DATABASE.

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