Check valves and pre-fill valves type F

Pressure pmax = 400 bar

Flow Qmax = 7000 lpm

1. General application
1.1 Application
As check valves (DIN ISO 1219-1) for free flow in one direction
Check valve
and blocked flow in the opposite direction. (See also sect. 1.4)
As pre-fill valves (hydraulic pilot-operated check valves,
DIN ISO 1219-1) in the press controllers for further-suction and
emptying the press cylinders when closing and opening in rapid
traverse. Zero leakage in the blocked direction (plate-type seat
valves).

1.2 Surge-free decompression with pre-fill valves

Pre-fill valves are available without and (depending on their size)
optionally with hydraulic pre-relief. In the case of the standard
version without pre-relief, decompression takes place via a
directional control valve with an up-stream orifice or throttle Pre-fill valve
until there is complete decompression in the cylinder (see sect.
6.1). Decompression takes place automatically in valves with
pre-relief (see sect. 6.2).

1.3 Installation
When directly fitted onto the cylinder, the valves are clamped
between the cylinder base and welding neck flange. For line
installation, they are positioned between the front faces of the
welding neck flanges. The seal diameters are selected so that the
material yield point is not exceeded when normal flanges are
used and when the permissible operating pressures given in
sect. 2.2 are kept to. Sealing rings type A DIN 7603-Cu or flange
seals are used, depending on the size. For details of sealing
surface working of flanges, see sect. 2.2

1.4 Functional description Type Orifice

' Damping with pre-fill valves F 25-12 (V) # 0.5
The unblocking operation of the pre-fill valve is basically
F 32-16 (V)
dampened by a built-in orifice (SOLEX carburetor nozzle
M 5), so as to prevent mechanical impacts on the valve parts. F 40-20 (V) # 0.7
This orifice also causes a delayed closing movement, which Orifice F 50-25 (V)
should be calculated with approx. 0.2 to 0.7sec (depending
F 63-30 (V) # 0.8
on the type), referred to approx. 60 mm2/sec viscosity of the
hydraulic oil. In the vast majority of operating instances, this F 80-36 (V) # 1.0
is no problem since the closing operation is completed with- F 100-45 # 1.2
in the press system's return time. If you require a faster clos-
F 125-60 # 1.5
ing time after triggering, e.g. for air cycles, unscrew this throt-
tle from the connection piece and replace it as shown with a F 160-76 # 1.5
restrictor check valve BC 1-0.6 in accordance with D 6969 B F 200-100 #6
(applies to type F 25 -12. to F 160 -76). Check valve
(specified working
direction like
illustrated)
2.5
' Check valve (also suctionnig of the pre-fill valves)
For use as a check valve (type F...), ensure that there are no sudden flow rate rises in the opening direction of the type which can
be expected, e.g. with directional spool valve operations arising from the accumulation capability of the oil volume in lines and
consumers during the switching operation. In the case of pilot-operated valves, e.g. this can be achieved by appropriately
setting the switching time. The main purpose of this is to prevent the valve plate being pulled too strongly to its stroke stop while
employing the max. flow rating of the valve and therefore to prevent the valve plate being damaged by excessive inertia forces.
The perm. acceleration time Q = 0 → Q max is approx. 250 msec (approx. 200 msec with F200 - 100)

HAWE HYDRAULIK SE D 6960

STREITFELDSTR. 25 • 81673 MÜNCHEN Check valves and pre-fill valves

© 1974 by HAWE Hydraulik January 2002-06

D 6960 page 2

2. Types available
2.1 Type designation, main data

Coding Pre-fill valve Nomi- Flow Control part on pre-fill valves Mass
nal Qmax Release ratio Control (weight)
Check without with size volume approx. (kg)
valve pre-relief pre-relief (lpm) (k) (cm3) F.. F.. - ..(V)
F 25 F 25-12 F 25-12 V 25 100 4.3 0.45 1 1.1
F 32 F 32-16 F 32-16 V 32 160 3.6 1 1 1.2
F 40 F 40-20 F 40-20 V 40 250 3.9 Valve plate opens 2.1 1.4 1.7
F 50 F 50-25 F 50-25 V 50 400 4.2 at residual pres- 4 2 2.4
F 63 F 63-30 F 63-30 V 63 630 4.2 sure in (press) 7 2.8 3.4
F 80 F 80-36 F 80-36 V 80 1000 4.5 cylinder 12.2 4.4 5.2
F 100 F 100-45 100 1600 4.3 pcyl rest = pSt : k 25.4 9.9 11.7
F 125 F 125-60 125 2500 4.3 59.3 15.8 19.6
F 160 F 160-76 160 4000 4.3 113 43 50
F 200 F 200-100 200 7000 4.0 314 110 120

Type Plate-type seat valve, spring-loaded

Installation position Any for type F 25.. to F 80.., F 200..
only vertically standing or suspended for type F 100.. to F 160..
Pressure pmax F 25.. to F160..: 400 bar; F 200..: 320 bar; permiss. operating pressure depends on installation and
utilized welding neck flange, see page 3.
Opening press. po Approx. 0.11 ... 0.12 bar
Control press. pSt For unblocking pSt max = 100 bar
For pre-relief ppre-relief = 0.2 pcyl + 7 bar
For holding open pSt min = 8 bar (return flow)
Min. pressure while closing $ 2,5 bar reset pressure
Pressure fluid Hydraulic oil conforming to DIN 51524, parts 1 to 3; ISO VG 10 to 68 in accord. with DIN 51 519
Optimum operation: F 50 ... F 200 10 to approx. 800 mm2/sec
F 40 10 to approx. 400 mm2/sec
F 32 and F 25 10 to approx. 200 mm2/sec
Viscosity limits not under 4...6 and not above 1500 mm2/sec.
Not over 500 mm2/sec for F 32 and F 25.
Also suitable are biologically degradable pressure fluids of the type HEPG (Polyalkylenglycol) and HEES
(synth. Ester) at operation temperatures up to approx. +70°C.
Temperature Ambient: approx. -40 ... +80°C
Fluid: -25 ... +80°C, note the viscosity range!
Permissible temperature during start: -40°C (observe start-viscosity!), as long as the service tempera-
ture is at least 20K (Kelvin) higher for the following operation.
Biologically degradable pressure fluids: Observe manufacturer's specifications. By consideration of the
compatibility with seal material not above +70°C

|p-Q curves Suction resistance Back pressure valve

(recommended values) completely opened
Back pressure |p (bar)
Suction resistance |p (bar)

Q Flow during operation

=
Qmax Max. flow acc. to table above

Oil viscosity during measurement approx. 60 mm2/sec

 D 6960 page 3

2.2 Additional data, depending on installation method

Suction side
Installation method 1: Installation
1a 2a
2a method 2:
With standard
flanges only up to F Consumer
63. Above F 63, it is construction 1b
better to use Example:
flanges with rigid 1a 1c
Pre-fill valve 2b better
flange leaf corre- directly on
sponding to 1c . bending resi-
1c
tant cylinder
In line installation
base
Example:
Check valve 2b

Reshape flange on valve side to improve flow around Cylinder Pressure side
valve disc, see also sect. 4

1a Standard welding neck flange ND 40 or 64, depending on valve size. The bolt sleeves serve directly to center the valve body
1b Spacer sleeves must be produced for standard flanges of the next-highest pressure class due to larger reference diameter, see table
below
1c Costomer-furnished flanges with rigid, thick flange leaf to be designed so that the valve can be centered without spacer sleeves by as
many screws as possible.

2a and 2b depending on valve size and application (check or pre-fill valve)

F 25 to F 50-25 V F 63 to F 200-100
Utilized as check or Requested ma- Utilized as Utilized as
pre-fill valve chining toler- check valve pre-fill valve
ance for the Suction side
Flange facial
mounting area
side with com- 2a
of the valve on 2b
mon surface
the facial side of
quality
flange or cylin- 2b
der bottom.
Pressurized side
Copper seal ring conf.
Type DIN 7603-Cu-A.. Type F 63.. F 80.. F 100.. F 125.. F 160.. F 200
F 25.. 38x44x2 2a KANTSIL- FK 343 FK 349 FK 433 FK 441
O-ring FK 447
F 32.. 45x52x2 seal ring 290.00x7.0 90Sh
F 40.. 60x68x2.5 +
F 50.. 75x84x2.5 2b Profil- 6960 898 A 6960 898 B 6960 898 C 6960 898 D 6960 898 E Back-up ring
seal ring 6960 221

Type In- Permissible pressure Spacer sleeve Screws Torque Suct. pipe e.g. 1) If pressure
stal- required 1b Material 8.8 DIN 2448 surges can be
la- pzul Flange used 1) (mm) 3) seamless expected due to
tion (bar) Material C 22 D d h MA (Nm) (non-binding) the way in
pieces / size
which the sys-
1 400 4 / M 16x80 tem is opera-
F 25... C 32x38 DIN 2635 (ND 40) 38x2.6 ted, it is advan-
2 400 4 / M 16x65 tageous to use
1 350 4 / M 16x80 the relevant
F 32... C 40x44.5 DIN 2635 (ND 40) 44.5x2.6 higher stated
2 400 4 / M 16x70 flange - ND-
210 class - for
1 250 4 / M 16x90
F 40... C 50x57 DIN 2635 (ND 40) 57x2.9 greater than
2 350 4 / M 16x75 F 50...
1 250 8 / M 16x90 2)
C 65x76.1 DIN 2635 (ND 40) If a DIN 2637
2 350 8 / M 16x75 flange (ND 100)
F 50... 76.1x2.9
1 400 8 / M 20x110 is used for F80,
E 65x76.1 DIN 2636 (ND 64) 32 20.5 28.5 380 the sleeve
2 400 8 / M 20x90 41x27.5x38 and
1 250 8 / M 16x100 8 screws
C 80x88.9 DIN 2635 (ND 40) --- --- --- 210 M27x110,
2 250 8 / M 16x80 (MA=1000Nm)
F 63... 88.9x3.2 must be used
1 400 8 / M 20x110
E 80x88.9 DIN 2636 (ND 64) 27 20.5 33 380
2 400 8 / M 20x90 3) In the case of
250 C 100x108 DIN 2635 (ND 40) --- --- --- 8 / M 20x90 410 customer-fur-
F 80... 2 108x36 nished flanges,
400 E 100x108 DIN 2636 (ND 64) 31 2) 24.5 38 8 / M 24x110 2) 700 2) it is better to
300 E 125x133 DIN 2636 (ND 64) --- --- --- 8 / M 27x120 1000 use larger num-
F 100.. 2 133x4 bers of smaller
400 E 125x133 DIN 2637 (ND 100) 38 30.5 43.5 8 / M 30x130 1100 screws com-
250 E 150x159 DIN 2636 (ND 64) --- --- --- 8 / M 30x130 bined with at
F 125.. 2 1400 159x4.5 least an equal
400 E 150x159 DIN 2637 (ND 100) 42 30.5 49.5 12 / M 30x140 overall force
200 E 200x219.1 DIN 2636 (ND 64) --- --- --- 12 / M 33x160 630 and, if possible,
a rigid (thick)
F 160.. 2 300 E 200x219.1 DIN 2637 (ND 100) 50 33.5 68.5 12 / M 33x170 1300 219.1x5.9 flange leaf
400 E 200x219.1 DIN 2638 (ND 160) 50 33.5 68.5 12 / M 33x180 2000
F 200.. 2 320 see example in sect. 4.3 --- --- --- 16 / M 36x300 2300 273x6.3
D 6960 page 4

3. Using standard flanges

Flange and pipe preparation (non-binding suggestion)

The pressure pipe dimension for instal- The following standards can be used as a basis for working out the pressur pipes:
lation methods 1 as described in sect. DIN 2413-1, -2: Steel pipes: Calculating the wall thickness against internal
2.2 are selected on the basis of the pressure
relevant safety details DIN 2445-1, -2: Seamless steel pipes for dynamic load
DIN 1629 ( ISO 9329-1): Seamless pipes made of unalloyed steels
DIN 2448 ( ISO 4200): Seamless pipes
DIN 2391-1, -2: Seamless precision steel pipes

Both sides must be regarded as pressure sides when the valve is being used as a check valve.
Ensure in the normal way that both parts are joined together without misalignment.

Pressure
flange C 22 is the usual material for welding neck flanges in accordance
with the various standards sheets in accordance with DIN 17 200.

for F 63....

F 160..
F 100..

F 125..

F 200..
F 63...

F 80...
F 25...

F 32...

F 40...

F 50...
Type
... F 200,
for F 25...
... F 50
as per DIN 2635 d1 35 43 54 73 88 (108) (132) (168) (215) (275)
flange
and DIN 2636 t 6 7 9 11 12 (15) (25) (30) (40) 55

From F 80... onwards, it is better to use flanges with rigid flange leaf
when di pipe as described in 1c in sect. 2.2.
< di flange When hollowing out r, ensure that there is still 1... 1.5 mm thickness
up to the converse surface line of the largest internal diameter.
pipe

pipe

Assembly space required for axial travel of the line Side mounting without axial travel of the pipeline
This disassembly possibility is achieved by way of an addi-
Pre-fill valve, Check valve tional spacer ring (to be furnished by the customer, not scope
suction side (in pressure line) of delivery). External diameter same as corresponding the
pre-fill valve.
Suction side

F 63 ... F 200 in
valve body area,
for F 25...F 50
as per DIN 2635 Machining
and DIN 2636 same as in
illustration
on the left
F 40-20(V)

F 50-25(V)

F 63-30(V)

F 80-36(V)
F 25-12(V)

F 32-16(V)

Type
Detail with “A”:
F 50

F 63

F 80
F 40
F 25

F 32

F 25 to
H 1) 12 19 20 30 23 34 32 45 38 52 47 61 F 50-25 (V) For seals,
d1 35 43 54 73 88 108 groove
dimension see
t1 * 0.1 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7 4.0 4.3
sect. 4.1
t2 0 1 1 1.5 1.5 1
F 200-100
F 160-76
F 100-45

F 125-60

Type
Relief groove, inside diameter approx. #da + 4, 1.5...2 mm
F 160
F 100

F 125

wide, approx. 1.5 deep, with a groove towards the outside,

approx. 2 wide, 1 deep
H 1) 55 76 78 106 115 165 155 1) H= F 63 to
Minimum F 200-100
d1 132 168 215 275 dimension
*0.1
(For missing data
t1 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.5 see above)
t2 1.5 1 0 2
 D 6960 page 5

4. Dimensions of units
All dimensions are in mm, subject to change without notice !

4.1 Check valve F 25 to F 160

Situation for fitting copper ring For using flange
F 25-12(V) to F 50-25(V): seals as from
F 63-30(V):

Flange
side r 0.6

1) Front face of
Valve side flange refinished,
see sect. 3

Type D3 D4 H1 h da di s 2) s1 t ±0.1 t1

F 25 83 26 36 26 44 +0.1 37.5 -0.1 5.5 5.5 1.2 0

F 32 93 32 45 27 52 +0.1 44.5 -0.1 7.5 7 1.2 1

F 40 108 41.5 48.5 28 68 +0.1 59.5 -0.1 10 9 1.7 1

F 50 128 53 59 29 84 +0.1 74.5 -0.1 12 11 1.7 1

F 63 143 64 69 33.5 104.3 +0.2 89 -0.2 14 12 4.0 1.5

F 80 169 77.5 83 38.5 123.8 +0.2 109.3 -0.3 17 15 4.3 1.5

F 100 212 95.5 97 44 152.6 +0.2 134.4 -0.3 22 22 5.8 1.5

F 125 248 127 127 51 190.6 +0.2 171 -0.3 30 30 5.8 1.5

F 160 310 163 182 70 241.2 +0.2 220 -0.3 37 37 5.6 1.5

1) Bore in cylinder base or pressure flange, see #d1 in sect. 3

2) Full opening as from approx. 80% of Qmax

4.2 Pre-fill valve F 25-12. to F 160-76

See sect. 4.1 for missing details type

Connection
Type ISO 228/1
(BSPP)
A 3) Z H2 d2 a b x

SW19 = a/f19 F 25-12(V) G 1/4 G 1/4 43 23 54 14.5 60°

F 32-16(V) G 1/4 G 1/4 55 32 59 15.5 60°
F 40-20(V) G 1/4 G 1/4 60 39 67 16.5 60°
F 50-25(V) G 1/4 G 1/4 72 43 73 17.5 45°
F 63-30(V) G 1/4 G 1/4 83 50 85 22 45°
F 80-36(V) G 1/4 G 1/4 97.5 56 97 27 45°
F 100-45 G 3/8 G 1/4 118 69 --- 32 ---
F 125-60 G 3/8 G 1/4 155 88 --- 39 ---
F 160-76 G 1/2 G 1/4 233 120 --- 52 ---

3) Can also be used as pressure line port after un-doing

the tappet plug

Pre-relief for
F25-12V up to
F 80-36V
D 6960 page 6

4.3 Pre-fill valve F 200-100

Ports A, Z = G 1/2 (BSPP)

Example
Suction flange (general, not binding)

1)

1) Mounting hole
4x M12, 22 deep

Material: St 52-3

5. Pre-fill valves type F 63.. to F 125.. (addition)

Soft iron packing ring, Pre-fill valves type F 63... to F 125... (supplement). The check valves
special version and pre-fill valves F 63.. to F 125.. are available as a special
version with soft iron packing rings if it is not possible to produce
Flange with rigid the surface quality of the mating surfaces on the flange or cylinder
flange leaf base required for the standard flange seal and outlines in sect. 2.2.
It must be kept in mind that standard welding neck flanges cannot
be used. Rather, customer-furnished flanges with a suitably rigid
flange leaf for transferring the screw forces to the soft iron packing
ring are necessary. The screws are best arranged so that their in-
Pre-fill valve ternal converse surface line centers the valve body.
F63 to F125 When ordering, add in plain text that soft iron packing rings No....
(see table) are to be supplied instead of the flange seal.
Cylinder

Type F 63.. F 80.. F 100.. F 125..

Min. pre-basing force (total)
560 kN 752 kN 1117 kN 1688 kN
in built-in condition
Permissible pressure (bar) 400 400 400 400
Order No. of the soft iron
6960 998 A 6960 998 B 6960 998 C 6960 998 D
packing ring
Dimensions 92x104x5 112.5x123x5.3 138x152.1x6.8 174x189.8x6.8
Tolerance # di + 0.5
# da - 0.3
Thickness * 0.2
 D 6960 page 7

6. Typical circuit diagram of a top-ram press

The control shown, represent non-binding, greatly simplified examples and are only intended to show the interaction of the
pre-fill valves with the other units, including decompression as described in Item 1.2.

6.1 Pre-fill valves without pre-relief

DG.. acc. ZR
BC.. D 6969 B to
RDF.. D 7540 4) D 5440

ADM 1-... 6)
Directional valve bank 3) Direct. control valve 3)
VB.. acc. to D 7302 G 3-0 B acc. to D 7300 Pre-fill
BWN(H).. acc. to D 7470B/1 WN1H/B 0.7 acc. to D 7470A/1 valves
without
pre-relief

E1
See note in
footnote 5)
page 7

RD.. acc. to
D 7540
Safeguarding against pressure
translation (e.g. error m2 → 0 in
sequence 1), pressure must be
SV 2
min. 30 %. higher than the max.
self induced load pressure

Seq. Movement Pump Valve Pressure switch Note

No. m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 DG

Ready for operat.

0 on 0 0 0 0 0 --- ---
(Pu. idling)
Rapid traverse with set operat. A timer for the pressing time can be started
1 on a a 0 a 0 press., contact simultaneously with contact making for
down (fall.) and
making for
press. build-up sequence 2 operating pressure (timer shown as ZR)

2 Pressure off 0 0 0 0 0 (a) - setting for possible series connection by the DG.
maintenance (on) (a) 1) (a) 2) (a) 2) Observe starting instructions for the pump motor 1)

Decom- Start time relay ZR 4) and pump motor e.g.

3 on 0 0 a 0 0 ---
pression by run down timer from sequence 1
Rapid traverse on a 0 a 0 a
4 --- m1 and m5 → a a through time relay ZR
up 4) 5) (0)

5 Open off 0 0 0 0 0 --- Pumps and valves off through E 1

1) e.g. via time relay. Set it that m1 = a only after the pump motor is started up. Switch over to / while m1 = 0 for !- / start.
2) (a) e.g. for pressed material which is still flexible during the pressing period. The pressure switch unit switches the pump back on when
the pressure drops 1). See for example D 5440 for restarting pressures.
3) Observe the max. permissible operation pressure! (see corresponding pamphlets)
4) The orifice size determines the decompression time; it should be selected in such a way (acc. to the |p-Q-curve), that the flow via the
orifice during start of decompression (current pressure at the cylinder) does not exceed the perm. flow rating of the valve m3.
The decompression period at ZR must be sufficiently set, that m1 → a is activated after the pressure in the cylinder is securely removed.
Example: Directional valve bank m1 ... m4 = VB 21AM-... acc. to D 7302, perm. Qmax = 25 lpm. Max. cylinder pressure pcyl = 350 bar
(end of sequence 2), selected restrictor check valve RDF 31. The suited orifice -# is roughly 1.4 mm (Q , 20 lpm) i.e. RDF 31/1.4 acc. to
the |p-Q-curve in D 7540 for 350 bar. The estimated decompression time for a press cylinder with a volume of 50 lpm will be roughly
6 to 7 sec. The decompression time for a certain volume of a press cylinder Vcyl (l) and a certain RDF- orifice #d (mm) can be roughly
estimated t » 0.014 Vcyl × pcyl / d2
5) If the pump motor is started by the timer from sequence 3, e.g. !-/, ensure that the switchover time from ! to / takes place during the
decompression time sequence 3 4). Otherwise, the !/ contactor would also have to actuate m1→ a when switching over to / if the
switchover time was longer. The time relay ZR is, then, not absolutely essential.
6) ADM... (D 7458) to limit the control pressure to $100 bar (sect. 2.1). Necessary if the pressure for rapid traverse ↑ (sequence 4) is greater
than 100 bar.
D 6960 page 8

6.2 Pre-fill valves with pre-relief

Pre-fill valve
Pressure with pre-relief 3)
switch unit Direct. control valve 4)
ADM 1-..-
DG in G 3-0 B acc. to D 7300
acc. to WN1H / B 0.7 SV 3 4)
D 5440 acc. to D 7470A/1

5)
E1 $ 100 bar > pSt
e.g. MV 41E
D 7000/1

Directional valve bank VB

acc. to D 7302
BWN(H) acc. to
D 7470 B/1 SV 2

Safeguarding against pressure translation (e.g. error m2 → 0 in sequence 1), pressure must be min. 30 %. higher than the max. self
induced load pressure

Seq. Movement Pump Valves Pressure switch Note

No. m1 m2 m3 m4 unit DG (example)

Ready for
0 on 0 0 0 0 --- ---
operation (idling)

Rapid traverse contact making for The timer for the pressing time can be
1 down (fall) and on a a a 0 sequence 2 with started simultaneously with contact
press. build-up operating pressure making

Maintain off 0 0 0 0 (a) - setting in the event of any series connection by the DG.
2 Follow starting instructions for pump motor !
pressure (on) (a) 1) (a) (a)

Contact making e.g. due to elapsed

3 Decompression on a 1) 0 0 a --- timer setting. Follow starting instruc-
tions for the pump motor ! 2)

Rapid tra- Follows sequence 3 automatically 2)

4 on a 0 0 a ---
verse up

5 Open off 0 0 0 0 --- Pumps and valves off through E 1

1) e.g. via time relay. Set it that m1 = a only after the pump motor is started up. Switch over to / while m1 = 0 for ! - / start.
2) Deblocking of the pre-relief in the pre-fill valves begins after the pump is started when m1→a is switched. During de-compres-
sion, the pump runs against the pressure set in SV 1. The opening of the pre-fill valves, i.e. sequence 4 (rapid traverse up) is
automatically set when the pressure in the cylinder has fallen to the value pcyl = pcontr : k. The control pressure pcontr must
correspond to at least the pressure ppre-relief as described in sect. 2.1 (< 100 bar) here, e.g. set in the pressure reducing valve
ADM 1... in accordance with D 7458 or ADM 11... in accordance with D 7120.

(( ))
3) The decompression time t (sec.) down to a certain pressure p (bar) for a press cylinder volume Vcyl (l) can be roughly estimated,
when the pre-relief (F 25-12V to F 80-36V) is utilized. tt »
»00..042 V × × ppcyl - - p p .
0042Vcyl
cyl cyl

4) Pressure in the SV 3 some what greater than pcontr , should serve only as safety against any control fault in the ADM... if the
pressure setting in SV 1 and the return pressure during opening (sequence 4) is much greater than pcontr
5) It may be necessary for very short sequence times, to enable quick draining of the control cavity causing quick closure of the
pre-fill valve by utilizing a by-pass check valve (sequence 5 → 1). Mostly utilized together with damping BC1 acc. to section 1.4.
A suitable by-pass check valve is type RK 1G acc. to D 7445.