DISC 321-Decision Analysis-Kamran Ali Chatha
DISC 321-Decision Analysis-Kamran Ali Chatha
Lahore University of Management Sciences
DISC 321‐ Decision Analysis
Fall Semester 2017
Instructor Kamran Ali Chatha
Room No. 4‐36, 4th Floor, SDSB Building
Office Hours TBA
Email [email protected]
Telephone 042 – 3560 8094
Secretary/TA Sec: Muhammad Umar Manzoor, TA: TBA
TA Office Hours TBA
Course URL (if any) suraj.lums.edu.pk
COURSE BASICS
Credit Hours 4
Lecture(s) Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week 2 Duration 110 minutes
Recitation/Lab (per week) Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week Duration
Tutorial (per week) Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week Duration
COURSE DISTRIBUTION
Core Core
Elective
Open for Student Category
Close for Student Category
COURSE DESCRIPTION (BRIEF)
Decision Analysis is a branch of science that focuses on utilizing quantitative techniques for the purpose for making sound
managerial decisions under various forms of constraints (economic, temporal and behavioral). This course exposes students to the
concepts, methods and techniques of decision analysis to conceptualize real world managerial problems, analyze them and find
workable solutions. The course covers topics such as: decision trees, decision making under uncertainty, value of information, risk
analysis using Monte Carlo simulation, risk attitude, and multi‐objective decisions. A real world project and written case analyses
provide avenues for practical learning.
COURSE DESCRIPTION (ELABORATE)
Major objectives of this course are:
(1) To understand basic concepts, methods and techniques of decision analysis;
(2) To develop capability to use quantitative techniques (in relation to decision analysis) for analyzing and solving real world
managerial problems;
(3) To have hands‐on experience of developing spreadsheet models (using Microsoft Excel and an add‐on software namely
Palisade Suite) for modeling and analyzing decisions;
Decision Analysis / Science is a branch of science that focuses on utilizing quantitative techniques for the purpose for making sound
managerial decisions under various forms of constraints (economic, temporal and behavioral) faced in the real world problems.
These problems may belong to an organziation’s functional areas such as finance, operations, engineering, HRM and marketing
functions etc. The problems may also be interdisciplinary in nature in which case function or discipline specific techniques when
applied to solving these problems may not necessarily result into practical solutions. In such scenarios the techniques developed
within the discipline of decision analysis may provide broader frameworks and concepts that render practical solutions to such
problems.
There are numerous examples in various disciplines where decision analysis concepts are needed for making sound decisions, for
example in software engineering (e.g. decision about choosing one technology or process over the other), legal decisions (e.g.,
understanding the effects of economic pressures on attributions of responsibility), risk assessments (e.g., assessing risks of nuclear
power or missile tests), marketing (e.g. launching specific product in a market) and managerial decision making (e.g., correcting
biases in the assessment of risk). The decision analysis concepts and frameworks are equally applicable in problems belonging to
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many other disciplines as well.
Decision analysis relies heavily on decision theory which is concerned with identifying values of different alternatives, uncertainties
involved, their utilities, and other issues relevant to a given decision, its rationality, and the resulting optimal decision. In order to
exercise these concepts decision theory borrows some of the concepts from probability theory.
In order to achieve aforementioned objectives two major steps have been taken while designing the course: (1) a number of real
world case studies are used in order to better comprehend applicability of decision analysis concepts and techniques in real world
problems. Extended class room discussions on case study analyses will be instrumental in understanding key issues pertaining to
application, managerial concerns, and assumptions around the technique while focusing on the real world problem, (2) a number
of lab sessions have been included in order to develop practical skills of configuring and using spreadsheets for decision analysis.
COURSE PREREQUISITE(S)
DISC 203 Probability & Statistics (OR)
MATH 230 Probability (AND)
MATH 231 Statistics (OR)
ECON 230 Statistics & Data Analysis (AND)
DISC 212 Introduction to Management Science
(Participants should possess basic knowledge of Probability / Statistics and calculus.
Students should have taken DISC‐203 or an equivalent course.)
COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Major objectives of this course are:
1.
To expose students basic concepts, methods and techniques of decision analysis;
2. To learn using quantitative techniques (in relation to decision analysis) for analyzing and solving real world
managerial problems;
3.
To have a hands on experience of developing spreadsheet models (using Microsoft Excel and an add‐on software
namely Palisade Suite) for modeling and analyzing decisions;
EXAMINATION DETAIL
Yes/No: Yes
Combine Separate: Combine
Midterm
Duration: 3 Hours in the Lab
Exam
Preferred Date:
Exam Specifications: Closed Books / Open Notes
Yes/No: Yes
Final Exam Combine Separate: Combine
Duration: 4 Hours in the Lab
Exam Specifications: Closed Books / Open Notes
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM LEARNING GOALS & OBJECTIVES
General Learning Goals & Objectives
Goal 1 –Effective Written and Oral Communication
Objective: Students will demonstrate effective writing and oral communication skills
Goal 2 –Ethical Understanding and Reasoning
Objective: Students will demonstrate that they are able to identify and address ethical issues in an organizational
context.
Goal 3 – Analytical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
Objective: Students will demonstrate that they are able to identify key problems and generate viable solutions.
Goal 4 – Application of Information Technology
Objective: Students will demonstrate that they are able to use current technologies in business and management
context.
Goal 5 – Teamwork in Diverse and Multicultural Environments
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Objective: Students will demonstrate that they are able to work effectively in diverse environments.
Goal 6 – Understanding Organizational Ecosystems
Objective: Students will demonstrate that they have an understanding of Economic, Political, Regulatory, Legal,
Technological, and Social environment of organizations.
Major Specific Learning Goals & Objectives
Goal 7 (a) – Program Specific Knowledge and Understanding
Objective: Students will demonstrate knowledge of key business disciplines and how they interact including
application to real world situations.
Goal 7 (b) – Understanding the “science” behind the decision‐making process (for MGS Majors)
Objective: Students will demonstrate ability to analyze a business problem, design and apply appropriate
decision‐support tools, interpret results and make meaningful recommendations to support the decision‐maker
Indicate below how the course learning objectives specifically relate to any program learning goals and objectives.
PROGRAM LEARNING GOALS AND COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES COURSE ASSESSMENT ITEM
OBJECTIVES
Goal 1 –Effective Written and Oral Written Case Analyses.
Communication Group Project (Presentation).
Goal 2 –Ethical Understanding and
Reasoning
Goal 3 – Analytical Thinking and Problem To learn using quantitative techniques (in Written Case Analyses.
Solving Skills relation to decision analysis) for analyzing Midterm Exam
and solving real world managerial Final Exam
problems (Obj‐2);
To have a hands on experience of
developing spreadsheet models (using
Microsoft Excel and an add‐on software
namely Palisade Suite) for modeling and
analyzing decisions (Obj‐3);
Goal 4 – Application of Information
Technology
Goal 5 – Teamwork in Diverse and Written Case Analyses.
Multicultural Environments Group Project.
Goal 6 – Understanding Organizational
Ecosystems
Goal 7 (a) – Program Specific Knowledge To expose students basic concepts, Class Participation.
and Understanding methods and techniques of decision Group Project.
analysis (Obj‐1);;
To learn using quantitative techniques (in
relation to decision analysis) for analyzing
and solving real world managerial
problems (Obj‐2);
To have a hands on experience of
developing spreadsheet models (using
Microsoft Excel and an add‐on software
namely Palisade Suite) for modeling and
analyzing decisions (Obj‐3);
Goal 7 (b) – Understanding the “science” To understand basic concepts, methods Quizzes
behind the decision‐making process and techniques of decision analysis. Midterm Exam
Final Exam
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Decision Analysis Process, and accompanying concepts, methods and techniques.
Palisade Suite for conducting quantitative analyses.
Capability to take managerial decisions.
GRADING BREAKUP AND POLICY
Written Cases Analyses / Assignment(s): 20%
Quiz(s): 10% (generally announced, occasionally unannounced)
Midterm Examination: 10%
Project: 15%
Final Examination: 30%
Class Participation: 15%
The instructor has the right of re‐assigning 5% of the grading criteria.
Class Participation Policy
Class participation grading will be carried out as per the following rules:
a) 0 for attending the class but coming late.
b) 0.25 for attending the class without any participation in class discussions.
c) 0.5 to 0.7 for little participation in the class discussion (awarded for engaging in a discussion, asking questions relevant to a
discussion, describing case facts, giving an opinion or idea in relation to the discussion).
d) 1.0 to 1.5 for good participation in the class discussion (awarded for giving a valid contradictory viewpoint or
comprehensive argument or rationale behind a concept).
e) 2.0 for very good participation in the class discussion (awarded for hitting multiple “es” as mentioned above)
f) 2.5 for excellent participation in the class discussion (awarded for bringing to the class and supporting with solid argument
some concepts which even instructor does not know)
Group Project
Students will engage in a group project. The group size will be decided based on course enrollment. Students will identify a decision
situation in an organization and apply course concepts thus formulating and analyzing the problem. Following this they will
synthesize and suggest an appropriate solution to the problem. They will share their solution with the case study organization, and
understand from company personnel the likely problems in implementing their solutions. The feedback obtained from the company
personnel will be incorporated in the final project report.
A detailed description on group project will be provided once the course starts.
*** A few of the student projects will be shortlisted for conversion into teaching cases. Students will be asked if they are interested
to convert their projects into teaching cases that will be published in an international conference / case journal and will make part of
the DA course in the future.
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DETAILED COURSE OUTLINE
COURSE OVERVIEW
SESSION TOPIC CASES AND ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SESSION
S. NO.
TYPE READINGS OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
1. Class Introduction Readings: As two class sessions are devoted Decision analysis
2. Session (1) PB‐Chapter‐2: to this: and problem‐
Modeling in a solving.
Problem Solving Read PB‐Chapter‐2 for the
Framework (Sections first class session.
– 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4)
Read Learning by the Case
(2) “Learning by the Case Method for the second class
Method”, by session.
Hammond, J.S. (HBS
# 9‐376‐241).
MODELING DECISIONS
3. Class Objectives Reading: CLEMEN‐ What is the difference Developing and
Session Hierarchy, Chapter Structuring between fundamental and analyzing Influence
Influence Decisions pp43‐65 means objectives? Diagrams.
Diagrams, How to structure decisions
and Payoff with influence diagrams?
Table
In class exercises on influence
diagram.
4. Class Case: Athens Glass Works Focusing just on the prices Developing and
Session discussed by Christina Matthews analyzing Influence
and Robert Alexander, which price Diagrams.
would you recommend, $2.15 or
$2.36?
5. Class Decision Readings: What are various elements of Developing and
Session Trees CLEMEN‐Chapter‐3: a decision tree? analyzing decision
Structuring Decisions How are decision trees trees.
pp69‐83 analyzed?
In class exercises on making
decision trees.
6. Class Decision Case: Freemark Abbey 1. Assuming Mr. Jaeger chooses Developing and
Session Trees to harvest the Riesling grapes analyzing decision
before the storm arrives, how trees.
much money will he make?
2. Assuming Mr. Jaeger chooses
to leave the grapes on the
vine, what is the probability
that the grapes will end up
with botrytis, and how much
money will he make if that
occurs?
3. Taking account of all the
various possibilities, what
should Mr. Jaeger do?
7. Class Decision‐ Reading: CLEMEN‐ Read specified material and Making decisions
Making Chapter‐4: Making prepare yourself for in‐class in probabilistic
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Session under Choices pp111‐145 discussion. situations.
Uncertainty In class exercises on risk
profiles (4.7, 4.8)
Take home practice problems:
4.4, 4.6, 4.16, 4.19
8. Class Sensitivity Reading: CLEMEN‐ Read specified material and The role of
Session Analysis Chapter‐5: Sensitivity prepare yourself for in‐class sensitivity analysis
Analysis pp174‐192 discussion. in decision
modeling and
analyzing.
9. Class Sensitivity Case: Dhahran Roads (A) 1. What do you recommend The role of
Session Analysis Reading: Cash Flow regarding the proposed sensitivity
and Time Value of contract for the Dhahran analysis in
Money (SKIM) Roads project? decision
2. Be sure that your modeling,
recommendation analyzing and
acknowledges any key sources making.
of risk in the conduct of the
project and any negotiable
parameters of the proposed
contract.
3. Does sensitivity analysis
change your decision when
compared to the base case?
MODELING UNCERTAINTY
10. Lab Using Reading: AWZ‐Chapter‐ Read specified material and Making decision
Spreadsheet 7: Decision Making develop an understanding of trees using a
for Decision under Uncertainty, various functions of spreadsheet.
Trees Section‐7.2, 7.3. PrecisionTree module that
relate to making and analyzing
decision trees using software.
Solve problems 36 and 37
given at the end of the
chapter.
11. Class Decision‐ Case: George’s T‐Shirts 1. What are the financial Making decisions
Session Making outcomes if Lassiter orders in probabilistic
under 5,000 T‐shirts? 7,500? 10,000? situations.
Uncertainty 2. How many T‐shirts should
Lassiter order?
MID‐TERM EXAM
12. Class Value of Reading: CLEMEN‐ Read specified material and The influence of
Session Information Chapter‐12: Value of prepare yourself for in‐class the availability of
Information, pp496‐509 discussion. information on
Solve problems 12.2, 12.3 and the decision.
12.4 in the class.
13. Class Value of Case: Integrated Siting 1. What do you recommend Ms. The influence of
Session Information Systems, Inc. Scott of what decision should the availability of
be taken? information on
2. How concerned should you be the decision.
about the probability of the
standard system not working?
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How far off would your
assessment have to be before
you would change your
recommendation?
3. What about reputation? Can
you afford the chance of such
a visible failure? How much
does reputation have to be
worth to change the decision
on economic grounds?
4. What is this test worth to
you? What would you pay for
a perfect information?
14. Lab Spreadsheet Reading: AWZ‐Chapter‐7: Practice examples 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 Practicing
Modeling Decision Making under in the lab. Practicing these probabilistic
for Decision Uncertainty, Section‐7.4, examples will help you solve decisions using
Making 7.5. the following assignment. spreadsheets.
under HOME ASSIGNMENT: Solve
Uncertainty problems 19, 21, 22
individually and submit your
solutions.
15. Lab Simulation Reading: AWZ‐Chapter‐ Read specified material before Understanding
Modeling 16: the lab. RISK as a package
with (1) Probability Practice examples 16.1, 16.2, to model
16. Spreadsheet Distributions and 16.3, 16.4 and 16.5 in the lab. decisions using
s Simulation. Practicing these examples will simulations.
(2) Introduction to help you solve the following
Simulation Modeling, assignment.
Sections – 16.3, 16.4, HOME ASSIGNMENT: Solve
16.5, and 16.6. problems 11, 17, 22, 26
individually and submit your
solutions.
17. Class Monte Carlo Case: To help Frank Lockfeld figure out Applying Monte
Session Simulations (1) Calambra Olive Oil how many gallons of olive oil he Carlo Simulation
(A) should order in 1994. method in a real‐
Part A: In the first part, you life business
(2) Calambra Olive Oil
should use the spreadsheet problem.
(B)
model LIQUIDGOLD.XLS and
the ranges provided by Frank
Lockfeld to develop a tornado
chart to identify the important
uncertainties in the problem.
Be sure you can explain any
surprising findings in this
analysis.
Part B: Using information
about the uncertainties, you
should develop a simulation
model to resolve the key
questions of the case: How
much olive oil should Frank
Lockfeld order? How risky is
this venture?
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18. Lab Simulation Reading: AWZ‐Chapter‐17: Practice examples 17.1, 17.2, Understanding
19. Modeling Simulation Models, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.7, 17.8, RISK as a package
with Sections – 17.2, 17.3, 17.4. 17.9 in the lab. Practicing to model
20.
Spreadsheet these examples will help you decisions using
s solve the following simulations.
assignment.
HOME ASSIGNMENT: Solve
problems 17, 18, 20
individually and submit your
solutions.
MODELING PREFERENCES
21. Class Risk Attitude Reading: CLEMEN‐ Read specified material and Understanding
Session Chapter‐13: Risk prepare yourself for in‐class the influence of
Attitude, pp 527‐555. discussion. risk attitude on
In class exercises on risk decisions.
attitude (problem 13.17,
13.24).
22. Lab Incorporatin Reading: AWZ‐Chapter‐ Practice example 7.5 in the Practicing risk
g Risk 7: Decision Making lab. attitude using a
Attitude under Uncertainty, Solve problems 77, 79, 80 in spreadsheet.
Section‐7.6. the lab.
23. Class Risk Attitude Caselets: Risk Preference Find solutions to the questions Practicing risk
Session Utility Caselets given in these caselets. attitude.
Class Risk Attitude Case: Risk Analysis for For questions 1 and 2 only, assume Understanding
Session Merck & Company: that Merck will follow the advice the influence of
Product KL‐798 of George W. Merck, “We try manager risk
never to forget that medicine is for attitude on
the people. It is not for the profits. decisions.
The profits follow, and if we have
remembered that, they have never
failed to appear.”
1. First, do a risk neutral analysis.
(a) What is the expected monetary
value of the KL‐798 opportunity?
Be very clear about how your
spreadsheet works.
2. Now consider risk aversion in
your analysis. What would be the
certainty equivalent for the total
opportunity?
3. Assume that we ignore George
W. Merck’s advice and always seek
the financially best path. (a) Draw
a decision tree of the sequence of
decisions and uncertainties and
integrate it with the influence
diagram from question 1a. (b)
What now is the expected
monetary value of KL‐798? Clearly
describe how you arrived at this
solution and provide information
on how your spreadsheet model
works. (c) What is the certainty
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equivalent of KL‐798 to Merck
when considering their risk
preference?
24. Class Structuring Reading: CLEMEN‐Chapter‐ Read specified material and Understanding
Session Multi‐ 15: Conflicting Objectives I: prepare yourself for in‐class multi‐objective
Objective Fundamental Objectives discussion. decisions and
Decisions and the Additive Utility structuring them.
Function pp599‐621.
25. Class Additive Case: Sleepmore Mattress 1. Be prepared to discuss all the Additive utility
Session Utility Manufacturing; Plant decision approaches described function as a
Function Consolidation. in the note and consider how method of
the approaches might be analyzing multi‐
applied to the case. objective
2. Rate the four quantitative decisions.
attributes, determine the
appropriate weights for the
attributes and compare the
three locations. If you had to
phase in the consolidations
one at a time, in what order
would you do them?
3. How sensitive is your ranking
to the weights you assigned?
4. How would you score plant
size at site 1 if the sales were
$30 million at plant A rather
than $3 million? Would you
change the range of the scale,
or the weight of the attribute,
or both?
5. Implicit in your analysis are
some trade‐offs that can be
calculated. For example, what
is the dollar value (in terms of
initial cost) of improving the
labor attribute by 1 unit on
the 10‐point scale?
26. Class Project presentations (mandatory attendance by all students)
27. Session
FINAL EXAM
TEXTBOOK(S)/SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS
Following books are recommended for this course however, students are strongly encouraged to consult any other resources such
as: books, journals, magazines, sharing personal experiences to enhance their learning.
[AWZ]: Albright, S.C., Winston, W.L., and Zappe, C., 2006, Data Analysis & Decision Making – With Microsoft Excel, 3e, Thomson,
South‐Western, ISBN: 0‐324‐40083‐7.
[CLEMEN]: Clemen, R. T., 2001, Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis with Decision Tools, Duxbury Press,
Thomson Learning, ISBN: 0‐534‐36597‐3.
[PB]: Powell, S.G., and Baker, K.R., 2009, Management Science – The Art of Modeling with Spreadsheets, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
ISBN‐13: 978‐0‐470‐39376‐5.
[ASW] Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, Statistics for Business and Economics.