MET CS CS625 Business Data Communications and Networks

Lab 2 Submission

Name:

Date:

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 If you choose
SAVING YOURto perform
DATA portions of the assignment in different sittings, it is
important to commit your data at the end of each session. This way, you will be sure
to make permanent any data changes you have made in your curent session, so that
you can resume working without issue in your next session. To do so, simply issue
this command:
STEPS
COMMIT;

2.We will learn

Convert eachmore about committing
IPv4 address data in future
in dotted decimal weeks.
notation For now,
to binary, it the
using is sufficient
table to
know that data changes in one session will
provided below to convert each decimal number. only be visible in that session, unless they
are committed, which makes the changes permanent in the database.
137.254.120.50
137- 10001001
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Amount
137 9 9 9 9 1 0 0 1
Remaining
Similarly other decimal number will be
254-11111110
120-01111000
50-00111000
So, the answer will be 10001001.11111110.0111000.00111000
10.129.10.54
10-00001010
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Amount
10 10 10 10 10 2 0 1 0
Remaining
Similarly other decimal number will be
129-10000001
10-00001010
54-00110110
So, the answer will be 00001010.10000001.00001010.00110110

4. Convert each IPv4 address in raw 32-bit format to dotted decimal notation, using the
table provided below to convert each binary number.
11010001.00001111.00001101.10000110

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Cumulative
0 128 192 192 208 208 208 208 209
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Cumulative
0 0 0 0 0 8 12 14 15
Amount

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 Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
Cumulative
0 0 0 0 0 8 12 12 13
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Cumulative
0 128 128 128 128 128 132 134 134
Amount

Answer: 209.15.13.134

11001100.01001111.11000101.11001000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
Cumulative
0 128 192 192 192 200 204 204 204
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
Cumulative
0 0 64 64 64 72 76 78 79
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Cumulative
0 128 192 192 192 192 196 196 197
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Cumulative
0 128 192 192 192 200 200 200 200
Amount

So, the answer will be 204.79.197.200

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6. For each example given in CIDR notation, indicate what its network identifier is, in
binary. When doing so, use the table provided below to convert each octet to binary.
199.102.234.31/22
205.178.189.131/18
199-11000111
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Amount
199 71 7 7 7 7 3 1 1
Remaining
Similarly repeating the procedure for other we get
102-01100110
234-11101010
31-00011111
So, answer will be 1100011101100110111010
205.178.189.131/18
Similarly for this
205-11001101
178-10110010
189-10111101
131-10000011
So, answer will be 110011011011001010

8. For each example given, extract the network identifier and express it in dotted
decimal notation. When converting from binary to decimal or vice-versa, use the tables
provided below.
00001010011101110001011110101010 (25 bits for network identifier)
74.119.98.141/19
74-01001010
119-01110111
98-01100010
141-10001101
SO, decimal form will be 01001010011101110110001010001101
Upto 19 – 0100101001110111011
Add 0 six times for 25 bits
0100101001110111011000000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Cumulative
0 0 64 64 64 72 72 74 74
Amount

01110111

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 Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Cumulative
0 0 64 96 112 112 116 118 119
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Cumulative
0 0 64 96 96 96 96 96 96
Amount

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cumulative
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Amount

So , the answer is 74.119.96.0

10. For each of the examples given, extract the network identifier and express it in
dotted decimal notation. Take advantage of the shortcut described in step 9. When
converting from binary to decimal or vice-versa, use the tables provided below.
208.73.211.230/25
208.73.211.230/23
So, the first shortcut we can take when representing a network address in dotted
decimal notation is that we can simply duplicate the octets that are fully spanned by
the network identifier. We do not need to calculate them. To take another example,
how many octets could we duplicate for 208.73.211.230/25? Simple! We would
duplicate the first three, because the first three octets span bits 1 through 24. We
only need to calculate the fourth octet.
So we know that the first three octets of the network address are 208.73.211, and we
just calculate the last one. First, we convert 230, the last octet in decimal, to binary.

230- 11100110
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
Cumulative
230 102 38 6 6 6 2 0 0
Amount

Then we include the first bit of this octet, 11, as part of the network identifier.
Why two bits? Because the network identifier spans 25 bits, and the first three octets
span 24 bits, so that leaves 1 bit remaining. Then we simply append 0s to it so that
it’s 11000000, and convert that back to decimal.

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 Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 128 192 192 192 192 192 192 192
Remaining

The network address will be 208.73.211.192

208.73.211.230/23
So, the first shortcut we can take when representing a network address in dotted
decimal notation is that we can simply duplicate the octets that are fully spanned by
the network identifier. We do not need to calculate them. To take another example,
how many octets could we duplicate for 208.73.211.230/23? Simple! We would
duplicate the first two, because the first two octets span bits 1 through 16. We
only need to calculate the third and fourth octet.
So we know that the first two octets of the network address are 208.73 and we
just calculate the last two. First, we convert 211, the last octet in decimal, to binary.

211- 11010011
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
Cumulative
211 83 19 19 3 3 3 1 0
Amount

Then we include the first seven bit of this octet, 11010011, as part of the network
identifier.
Why two bits? Because the network identifier spans 23 bits, and the first two octets
span 16 bits, so that leaves 1 bit remaining. Then we simply append 0s to it so that
it’s 11010010, and convert that back to decimal.

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Amount
0 128 192 192 208 208 208 210 210
Remaining

So, the answer will 208.73.210.0

12. For each of the examples given, extract the network identifier and express it in
dotted decimal notation. Take advantage of the shortcuts described in step 9 and step
11. When converting from binary to decimal or vice-versa, use the tables provided
below.
71.74.42.231/15
Since there are 15 bits . So, last two digit will be 0.

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71.X.0.0
74-01001010
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Cumulative
74 74 10 10 10 2 2 0 0
Amount

Adding 0 to first seven Bit above. That is 01001010

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Amount 64 64 72 72 74 74
0 0 64
Remaining

Answer is 71.74.0.0

71.74.42.231/24

Since there are 24 bits . So, last digit will be 0.

71.74.42.0
No need further as this is the answer

14. For each pair of examples given, determine if they are on the same network as each
other. Show your work for full credit. When converting from binary to decimal or vice-
versa, use the tables provided below.

Pair 1
209.237.160.185/15
209.236.15.34/15
Pair 2
198.1.104.141/19
198.1.127.254/19

209.237.160.185/15
Now in this there 15 bits. So, last two will become 0.So, term will look like this
209.X.0.0. We need to calculate for X
237- 11101101
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Cumulative
237 109 45 13 13 5 1 0 0
Amount

Now consider first seven bits 1110110. Then put 0 after these seven bits 11101100
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

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 Bit 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Amount
0 128 192 224 224 232 236 236 236
Remaining

209.236.0.0
For second term
209.236.15.34/15
Now in this there 15 bits. So, last two will become 0.So, term will look like this
209.X.0.0. We need to calculate for X
236-11101100
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Cumulative
236 108 44 12 12 4 0 0 0
Amount

Now consider first seven bits 1110110. Then put 0 after these seven bits 11101100
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Amount
0 128 192 224 224 232 236 236 236
Remaining

209.236.0.0
The last step is for us to compare the two network identifiers. We ask ourselves, is
209.236.0.0 the same as 209.236.0.0? The answer is yes! Therefore, we conclude that
the IPv4 addresses in the two examples – 209.237.160.185/15 and209.236.15.34/15
are on the same network.
Pair 2
198.1.104.141/19
Now in this there 19 bits. So, last digit will become 0.So, term will look like this
198.1.X.0. We need to calculate for X
104- 01111111
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Cumulative
104 104 40 8 8 0 0 0 0
Amount

Now consider first 3 bits 011. Then put 0 after that 01100000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 0 64 96 96 96 96 96 96
Remaining

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198.1.96.0
For second term
198.1.127.254/19
Now in this there 19 bits. So, last digit will become 0.So, term will look like this
198.1.X.0. We need to calculate for X
127- 01111111
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cumulative
127 127 63 31 15 7 3 1 0
Amount

Now consider first 3 bits 011. Then put 0 after that 01100000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 0 64 96 96 96 96 96 96
Remaining

198.1.96.0

The last step is for us to compare the two network identifiers. We ask ourselves, is
198.1.96.0 the same as 198.1.96.0? The answer is yes! Therefore, we conclude that
the IPv4 addresses in the two examples – 198.1.104.141/19 and 198.1.127.141/19
are on the same network.

15. Group the given IPv4 addresses into their corresponding networks. Show your work
for full credit. When converting from binary to decimal or vice-versa, use the tables
provided below.
74.208.88.242/20
01001010110100000101010100001101 (20 bits for network identifier)
01001010110100000111010111001100 (20 bits for network identifier)
74.208.117.239/20
74.208.1.19/20

1) 74.208.88.242/20

Now in this there 20 bits. So, last digit will become 0.So, term will look like this
74.208.X.0 We need to calculate for X
88- 01011000
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

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 Bit 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
Cumulative
88 88 24 0 8 0 0 0 0
Amount

Now consider first 4 bits 0101. Then put 0 after that 01010000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 0 64 64 80 80 80 80 80
Remaining

74.208.80.0

2) 01001010110100000101010100001101 (20 bits for network identifier)

We will solve it one by one using first 8 bit and then next 8 bits and so on

Step1 01001010

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Amount
0 0 64 64 64 72 72 74 74
Remaining

Step2 11010000
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 128 192 192 208 208 208 208 208
Remaining

Step3 Consider next four bits from above step since there are 20 bits for network
identifier we get 0101 then put 0 after that 11010000
On solving it we get

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 0 64 64 80 80 80 80 80
Remaining
Address comes out 74.208.80.0

3) 01001010110100000111010111001100 (20 bits for network identifier)

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We will solve it one by one using first 8 bit and then next 8 bits and so on

Step1 01001010

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Amount
0 0 64 64 64 72 72 74 74
Remaining

Step2 11010000
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 128 192 192 208 208 208 208 208
Remaining

Step3 Consider next four bits from above step since there are 20 bits for network
identifier we get 0111 then put 0 after that 11010000
On solving it we get

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 0 64 96 112 80 80 80 80
Remaining
Address comes out 74.208.112.0

4) 74.208.117.239/20
5) 74.208.1.19/20

Now in this there 20 bits. So, last digit will become 0.So, term will look like this
74.208.X.0 We need to calculate for X
117- 01110101
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
Cumulative
117 117 53 21 5 0 1 0 0
Amount

Now consider first 4 bits 0111. Then put 0 after that 01110000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

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 Bit 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Amount
0 0 64 96 112 112 112 112 112
Remaining

74.208.112.0

5) 74.208.1.19/20

Now in this there 20 bits. So, last digit will become 0.So, term will look like this
74.208.1.0 We need to calculate for X
1- 00000001
Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Cumulative 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
Amount

Now consider first 4 bits 0000. Then put 0 after that 00000000

Power of 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Amount 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Remaining

74.208.0.0

Now, from the above cases only first two have the same network address i.e.
74.208.88.242/20 and 01001010110100000101010100001101

Use the Ask the Facilitators Discussion Board if you have any questions
regarding the how to approach this lab.

Save your assignment as lastnameFirstname_lab2.doc and submit it in the

Assignments section of the course.

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syllabus.

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