RESEARCH METHOD: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

MEMBERS: ANICAL, ALVIN

BATALAO, JONATHAN Jr.

ELEP, RODEL HARLEY A.

Feet First. (2001). Improve Your School Arrival and Departure Procedures. Retrieved from
https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/SDOT/SRTS/ImproveYourSchoolArrivalandDeparture
Procedures.pdf

This handbook discusses the step-by-step guide for school communities seeking to improve safety on
their campuses during student arrival and departure times. It aims to increase safety on streets near
schools through a combination of education, street improvements, encouragement, enforcement, and
evaluation, and builds on work. Also discuss the separate modes of travel of buses, cars, people walking,
and young bike riders need well-defined, separated approaches to the campus.

Feet First. (2001). Skybridges. Retrieved from http://www.feetfirst.org/wp-

content/uploads/2013/02/Skybridges2014.pdf

This article discusses the criteria and impact of skybridges on the horizontal and vertical clearance,
structural adequacy, impact on pedestrian activity, effect on traffic and pedestrian safety and
accessibility for elderly and handicapped.

Feet First. (2001). Access Management. Retrieved from http://www.feetfirst.org/wp-

content/uploads/2013/02/Access-Management3.pdf

This article about the access management discussed that having a lack of clearly-defined access
increases the number of potential conflict points, which in turn creates a safety hazard for all users. This
is a particular problem for people walking along the arterial as they are traversing a “no man’s land”
where they are threatened by turning vehicles going to or from driveways. The lack of clear access
management also increases traffic congestion.

Beckmann, J. (2018). The Impact of School Buildings on Student Health and

Performance. Retrieved from https://www.performanceservices.com/resources/the-impact-of-
school-buildings-on-student-health-and-performance--recent-and-planned-research

This research studies were conducted to determine the impact of the built environment, including
internal design element to its impact of school buildings on student health and performance,

Galentine, C. (2012). New B Street pedestrian bridge provides safer passage for students. Retrieved from
https://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/487844/new-b-street-pedestrian-bridge-
provides-safer-passage-for-students/
This article shows how a pedestrian bridges gives benefit to the children’s by providing a safe method of
crossing the railroad tracks to and from their homes and Stratmoor Hills Elementary School. Also
significant benefit is that the bridge also eliminates the need for children to cross B Street and Loomis
Boulevard to get to school. Approximately 240 students, 80 percent of the school’s population and some
of their parents, walk to the elementary school each day

Hasan, Razi & Napiah, Madzlan, 2017/07/24, Utilization of footbridges: Influential factors and
improvement proposals, 10.4399/97888255077374,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320673617_Utilization_of_footbridges_Influential_factors_a
nd_improvement_proposals

In spite of significant development in using modern methods to enhance pedestrians’

environment and its sustainability, the provision of the footbridge still lacks its optimal function in
protecting and transferring pedestrians from both sides of the street. This structure should be designed
to accommodate every type of users, including children and elders. It should be designed in a way that
focuses more on human needs as a priority rather than the other two elements of transportation
system: road and vehicle. In the context of pedestrians’ safety, researchers have tried to understand
pedestrians' behavior and their perception about safe walking and crossing. Thus, factors which affect
pedestrians' decisions to choose their routes have been researched worldwide. This review paper
endeavors to highlight the work that had been carried out to assess the utilization of footbridges. The
findings on factors influencing the function of this structure showed that the most affecting factor to
increase the usage rate was the consideration of the footbridge as a safe crossing, while the most cited
factor of not using the footbridge was the lack of time. In addition, with a view on some proposed
procedures to enhance the usage rate, barriers were the most suggested solution in the literature to
increase the footbridge usage. Furthermore, this paper discusses the variety of environmental and
economic benefits of constructing a footbridge.

Onanong Sangphong &Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat , 2014, A Study of Footbridge Utilization Behavior in
Nakhon Ratchasima

This research studied behavior of pedestrians in Nakhon Ratchasima urban and suburban areas when
using footbridge. The data consisted of 1) pedestrian’s road crossing behavior, and 2) personal interview
using questionnaires. The analysis of the data relied on Logistic Regression Analysis. The study found
that factors influencing urban pedestrians in using footbridge comprised 1) the number of pedestrians
and 2) the distance between the bus stop and the footbridge. The coefficient of determination R2 =
0.763. The influencing factors for suburban area were 1) self-experience of road accident, 2) proximity
to bus stop and 3) know law about pedestrian and 4) the number of co-pedestrians, while R2 = 0.470.
Recommended measures to encourage use of footbridge were public relation on pedestrian traffic laws
which would help improve ratio of footbridge users by 4.32%, and properly locating footbridges near
bus stops.

Structural Bridges through Fold Space, September 15, 2015 Hannah Edwards & Charlotte M. Deane
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004466

Several protein structure classification schemes exist that partition the

protein universe into structural units called folds. Yet these schemes do not discuss
how these units sit relative to each other in a global structure space. In this paper
we construct networks that describe such global relationships between folds in the
form of structural bridges. We generate these networks using four different
structural alignment methods across multiple score thresholds. The networks
constructed using the different methods remain a similar distance apart regardless
of the probability threshold defining a structural bridge. This suggests that at least
some structural bridges are method specific and that any attempt to build a picture
of structural space should not be reliant on a single structural superposition
method. 

Opoku, Maxwell, 2015/10/01, Accessibility of educational facilities for children with disabilities
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283008233_Accessibility_of_educational_facilities_for_child
ren_with_disabilities

Education is regarded as the foundation for social, economic, political and human development. It is a
systematic process that influences people’s knowledge, skills and attitudes and develops the cherished
cultures and values of the community. This development enables learners to become functional adults
who will take care of themselves and their families and contribute to sustainable national development.
There is therefore the need for children with disabilities to have access to education for them to be
productive to the country, community and their families. As a result of this, the government has set
target to achieve inclusion of children with disabilities in general schools by 2015. However, no studies
have been undertaken to look at the extent of accessibility of educational facilities for children with
disabilities. There is therefore the need to document all educational facilities established purposely for
children with disabilities at the basic level and assess how accessible these facilities are to children with
disabilities.

Ligaya Leah Figueroa,Samsung Lim &Jihyun Lee,29 Sep 2016 Investigating the relationship
between school facilities and academic achievements through geographically weighted regression

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19475683.2016.1231717

This study, the authors investigated spatial variations in the effects of school amenities
on academic achievements of a cluster of provinces in the Philippines. Semiparametric
geographically weighted regression (SGWR) techniques were applied to public school facility
data to determine whether the effects of school facilities varied depending on school locations.
The analysis results presented significant spatial variations and differing effects of school sizes
and utilities on the academic achievements of top performing schools across the study area.
SGWR modelling revealed that schools in sparsely populated rural areas with basic facilities
have performed better than schools in urban areas with poor facilities, indicating that basic
facilities are important in far-flung schools. Since the effect on academic achievement varies
depending on the social and economic infrastructure, the provision of school facilities should be
based on the unique needs of each community. A decentralized approach is beneficial for the
management of school facilities in the Philippines where education resources are limited.

Spatial analysis to identify disparities in Philippine public school facilities, 23 Nov 2015, Ligaya Leah
Figueroa& Samsung Lim &Jihyun Lee,
https://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681376.2015.1099465

This paper addresses the issues that affect school building conditions as a case study of the
Philippines. Geographic information systems were utilized to investigate the allocation of public
school resources and the extent of disparity in education facilities among 75 Philippine
provinces. Four clusters of the provinces were identified by applying spatial statistics and
regionalization techniques to the public school data. Overall, the building conditions are of high
quality in the northern provinces. The greater region of the capital is overcrowded but well
maintained. The eastern seaboard region and the southern provinces have poor conditions due
to frequent natural calamities and the prolonged civil unrest, respectively. Since the spatial
analysis result shows that the school building requirements are largely unmet, some
recommendations are proposed so that they can be implemented by the government in order to
improve the school facilities and mitigate the existing disparities among the four
clusters of the Philippines.

School Facility Conditions and Student Academic Achievement ,2002, Earthman, Glen I.

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sw56439

This paper shows that the condition of school facilities has an important impact on student
performance and teacher effectiveness. In particular, research demonstrates that comfortable
classroom temperature and noise level are very important to efficient student performance. The
age of school buildings is a useful proxy in this regard, since older facilities often have problems
with thermal environment and noise level. A number of studies have measured overall building
condition and its connection to student performance; these have consistently shown that
students attending schools in better condition outperform students in substandard buildings by
several percentage points. School building conditions also influence teacher effectiveness.
Teachers report that physical improvements greatly enhance the teaching environment. Finally,
school overcrowding also makes it harder for students to learn; this effect is greater for students
from families of low socioeconomic status. Analyses show that class size reduction leads to
higher student achievement.
The Impact of Better School Accessibility on Student Outcomes, March 2014, Kenzo Asahi
(CASE, LSE)
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/59255/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repos
itory_Content_LSE%20Spatial%20Economic%20Research%20Centre_sercdp0156.pdf

This paper identifies and quantifies the effects of better transport accessibility on student
performance measured by mathematics test scores. A 27 km new subway line and the extension
of an existing line in Santiago (Chile) in the mid-2000s reduced the distance between some
schools and their nearest subway station. Estimates are derived using fixed effects models that
account for endogeneity in the relation between student performance and school-subway network
distance. Increased proximity to the subway network is associated with substantially lower test
scores.

Accessibility to facilities for persons with disabilities at public institutes of higher learning,
Published - Sep 2019 izan Sofia Amin, Siti Zuliana Md Zuki, Noremy Md Akhir
https://ukm.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/accessibility-to-facilities-for-persons-with-
disabilities-at-publ

Issues related to Persons with Disabilities (PWD) rights are increasingly being considered in
Malaysia. This includes their rights in education, employment, healthcare as well as access to
the facilities and services provided. Accessibility in education especially at universities are
among the major issues faced by PWD. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the
accessibility of facilities for persons with disabilities in public institutes of higher education. This
study focuses on structured observations of PWD facilities at four faculties and four resource
centres in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Five basic facilities for PWD such as parking space,
stairs, lifts, toilets and pathways/ramps were thoroughly observed. A detailed comparison was
carried out to identify the accessibility of those facilities and the extent of compliance to
specifications outlined in universal design criteria. The study findings show that although PWD
facilities were available, those facilities were still inadequate and did not follow the specifications
set. Facility providers namely the university should devise a specific action plan and establish
an inclusive policy for PWD to ensure their rights and needs are entirely fulfilled.

The impact of school facilities on the learning environment , Vandiver, Bert.Capella University, ProQuest
Dissertations Publishing, 2011
https://search.proquest.com/openview/06678070672eddb70cba2cb55d0b0e6c/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the impact of the quality of facilities on the
educational environment in high schools located in northeast Texas. The intent of this research study was
to determine the relationship between school facilities and the school-learning environment. This study
was a mixed method research that used questionnaires and interviews to identify and appraise school
facilities and learning environment. The problem was that school facilities were negatively impacting
student learning and faculty, and administrators were not properly supporting stronger facility
management. The poor condition of some schools raised serious concerns about teacher and student
safety. Educators must understand and find ways to help increase student performance. This study used
descriptive statistics to analyze the data. The independent z-test was conducted to determine the
difference in student performance before vs. after the new facility. The results of the data analysis
findings indicated that quality and educational adequacy of educational facilities were statistically
significantly associated with student performance and teacher turnover rate showing a statistical change
also.