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Mathematics in The Modern World: 2015 Census of Population

The document discusses various methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical methods. Tabular methods organize data in rows and columns like frequency distribution tables to make comparisons easier. Graphical methods like scatter plots, line charts, pie charts, and bar graphs use visual representations of the data to provide clearer comprehension and allow analysis of relationships and trends.

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Jhuliane Ralph
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386 views

Mathematics in The Modern World: 2015 Census of Population

The document discusses various methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical methods. Tabular methods organize data in rows and columns like frequency distribution tables to make comparisons easier. Graphical methods like scatter plots, line charts, pie charts, and bar graphs use visual representations of the data to provide clearer comprehension and allow analysis of relationships and trends.

Uploaded by

Jhuliane Ralph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics in the Modern World

CHAPTER 6 DATA MANAGEMENT (PART II)

METHODS OF DATA PRESENTATION

Summarizing, organizing and presenting data is another phase of statistical study that happens prior to data
analysis. Data become more comprehensible and more useful when they are organized and presented using
graphs, frequency distribution tables, charts, diagrams and the like to derive logical solutions and conclusions.

1. Textual
 data is organized and presented in a narrative or textual form
Example:

2015 Census of Population

The population of the Philippines as of August 1, 2015 was 100,981,437, based on the 2015
Census of Population (POPCEN 2015). The 2015 population is higher by 8.64 million compared with the
population of 92.34 million in 2010, and by 24.47 million compared with the population of 76.51 million in
2000.
The Philippine population increased by 1.72 percent annually, on average, during the period 2010
to 2015. By comparison, the rate at which the country’s population grew during the period 2000 to 2010 was
higher at 1.90 percent.

Source: PSA Highlights of 2015 Census of Population, May 19, 2016

2. Tabular
 data is presented in rows and columns such as in the frequency distribution table. Data can be
more readily understood and comparisons may be more easily made compared to textual
data.

Example 1: Consider the following data on the number of years a car battery lasts. The table
that follows is a frequency distribution table for the raw data.

Intervals of Car
Frequency
Battery Lives
1.5-1.9 2
2.0-2.4 1
2.5-2.9 4
3.0-3.4 15
3.5-3.9 10
4.0-4.4 5
4.5-4.9 3z
Mathematics in the Modern World

Example 2: The table below is called a contingency table, which can be used for data that are
classified based on two variables.
Meal Price
Quality Rating
$10-19 $20-29 $30-39 $40-49 Total
Good 42 40 2 0 84
Very Good 34 64 46 6 150
Excellent 2 14 28 22 66
Total 78 118 76 28 300

3. Graphical
 data is presented in visual/pictorial form using graphs or charts
 more advantageous than tabular method because (1) it provides more comprehension of the
data; (2) it provides a visual analysis of the subjects; (3) it provides a check of accuracy.

Scatter Plot
 a graph used to present measurements or values based on two quantitative variables that are
thought to be related.

Figure 1. Amount of Garbage Discarded vs. Household Size

Line Chart
 graphical presentation of data especially useful for showing trends over a period of time.

Figure 2. Age at First Marriage in the United States


Following a sharp decline during and after World War II, the age at which men and
women in the United States first marry has steadily increased. In the mid-1990s, the
age of first marriage for women was higher and closer to the age at which men first
marry than at any time in the previous 100 years.
Mathematics in the Modern World

Pie Chart
 a circular graph that is useful in showing how a total quantity is distributed among a group of
categories. The “pieces of the pie” represent the proportions of the total that fall into each
category.

Figure 3. Highest Degree Earned and Professional Licenses of Mathematics Faculty for Second Semester, SY 2017-2018

Bar graph
 It represents the frequency or magnitudes or quantities of each of the categories as a bar
rising vertically from the horizontal axis with the height of each bar proportional to the frequency
or magnitude of the corresponding category.
 It may be simple, compound and can be vertically or horizontally arranged. It is used for both
qualitative and quantitative data.

Figure 4. Bar Graph for 50 Soft Drink Purchases.

Dot Plots
 uses filled in circles (dots) and a simple scale to compare the counts (frequency) within
categories or groups, when working with small data sets with a small number of groups.
Example:

Figure 5. Dot Plot on number of hours spent on homework per week.


Mathematics in the Modern World

Stem-and-Leaf Plots
 numerical data are sorted according to a pattern which involves separating each element in
the data set into two parts, called the stem and the leaf.
 decide what units will be used for the stem and for the leaves in a way that there will be 5 to 20
stems.
Example:
91 78 93 57 75 52 99 80 97 62

71 69 72 89 66 75 79 75 72 76

104 74 62 68 97 105 77 65 80 109

85 97 88 68 83 68 71 69 67 74

62 82 98 101 79 105 79 69 62 73

Exercises
1. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the following data on the noise levels measured at 36 different times
directly outside the North Avenue Station of the MRT3:

82, 89, 94, 110, 74, 122, 112, 95, 100, 78, 65, 60, 90, 83, 87, 75, 114, 85,
69, 94, 124, 115, 107, 88, 97, 74, 72, 68, 83, 91, 90, 102, 77, 125, 108, 65

2. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the following data set:

104 103 111 118 115 127 120 126


131 136 130 135 145 144 142 141
153 150 151 157 153 155 161 160
164 165 164 168 171 175 173 170
184 182 181 198 191 190 203 202

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