US 2006.

0089285A1
(19) United States
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0089285 A1
Ahmed et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 27, 2006
(54) STABILIZED CHLORINE BLEACH IN (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 510/370
ALKALINE DETERGENT COMPOSITION
AND METHOD OF MAKING AND USING
THE SAME (57) ABSTRACT
(76) Inventors: Fahim U. Ahmed, Greensboro, NC
(US); N. Camelia Traistaru, Gladstone, Liquid, shelf-stable alkaline cleaning compositions with
MO (US) chlorine bleach comprising a chlorine bleach capable of
Correspondence Address: forming a hypochlorite in water, a bleach stabilizer selected
Hovey Williams LLP from the group consisting of compounds having at least one
Suite 400 NH or NH, moiety capable of reacting with the
2405 Grand Blvd. hypochlorite to form NC1 NHCl— or NC1 com
Kansas City, MO 64108 (US) pounds, and from about 5-50% by weight of a metal
hydroxide. Compositions according to the present invention
(21) Appl. No.: 10/970,218 are highly alkaline preferably presenting a pH of at least
about 11.5. The compositions provide sustained hypochlo
(22) Filed: Oct. 21, 2004 rite bleach functionality and long term bleach stability even
Publication Classification in the presence of Surfactants. The bleach compositions are
useful in cleaning and sanitizing household, institutional,
(51) Int. Cl. and industrial hard Surfaces including clean-in-place sys
CLID 3/00 (2006.01) tems and food processing equipment.
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

STABILIZED CHLORINE BLEACH IN ALKALINE able storage conditions. It results from electron transfer
DETERGENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF reactions between the hypochlorite ions themselves. The net
MAKING AND USING THE SAME reaction results in no additional available chlorine. The
oxygen path has been called the “catalyzed decomposition
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION route because it is most evident when oxidizable substances
0001) 1. Field of the Invention (e.g., organic Substrates, organic soils, stains, metal ions in
lower oxidation states) are present. This reaction is most
0002 The present invention generally concerns a highly notably indicated by a pressure build up in a tightly capped
alkaline, stabilized chlorine bleach detergent composition package due to the liberation of oxygen gas.
comprising a chlorine bleach, a bleach stabilizer and a metal 0011 Hypochlorite also becomes more reactive and less
hydroxide. The bleach stabilizer inhibits the degradation or shelf-stable as the acidity of the composition is increased
decomposition of the available chlorine present in the deter due to the formation of HOCl.
gent over time, thereby providing a bleach composition
having an enhanced shelf-life. OCI-S-HOCI

0003 2. Description of the Prior Art The pKa of this equilibrium is 7.5 at ambient temperature.
The HOCl is much more reactive (unstable) than OCl.
0004 Chlorine or hypochlorite bleaches have been used Shifting the equilibrium in the direction of more HOCl
since the late 18th century as Supplements to cleaning and formation is desirable for functional bleaching activity, but
sanitizing activities. Presently, chlorine and hypochlorite detrimental to shelf stability. At much higher acid concen
bleaches are used primarily as additives to household laun trations, the hypochlorite becomes very reactive and
dry processes, automatic dishwashing detergents and in unstable producing dangerous chlorine gas. Similarly, at
Some institutional and industrial detergents as performance highly alkaline conditions, the hypochlorite also becomes
boosters and sanitizing agents. Significant amounts of chlo very unstable and decomposes rapidly to produce oxygen
rine bleach are also used in hard Surface cleaning and gas. The decomposition rates are also dependent on tem
sanitizing, either in a separate step of the cleaning task or as perature and initial ionic strength. So in both highly acidic
an ingredient incorporated into the cleaning product. and highly alkaline conditions, the stability of the hypochlo
0005 Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most common rite is in peril. In order to make products more marketable,
“chlorine' bleach used in laundry processing. Sodium cleaning performance is compromised by adjusting the pH
hypochlorite solutions are commercially made by the reac and through the use of a buffering system.
tion shown below using liquid chlorine and a solution of 0012 Generally, the shelf stability of sodium hypochlo
Sodium hydroxide under cool temperatures. rite bleach in an alkaline liquid detergent is relatively short,
typically, about 3 months. Chorine bleach degrades rapidly
0006 Small amounts of free caustic (NaOH) or soda ash due to many factors including the presence of trace amounts
(NaCO) may be used to buffer the finished product to a of di- and trivalent transition metals ions such as Ni, Co, Cu,
desired pH level. The NaCl by-product is generally not and Fe etc., oxidizable organic compounds such as nonionic
removed, thereby adding to the total ionic strength and Surfactants, pigments, dyes and perfumes, and exposure to
specific gravity of the Solution. The strength of a hypochlo heat and radiant energy Such as ultra-violet light from Sun.
rite bleach solution is generally characterized by its “avail Extending the shelf storage stability of the chlorine bleach
able chlorine' content, which is a chemical convention for and maintaining bleach functionality in any environment is
expressing the electron transfer capacity of the oxidizing a daunting technical challenge, especially in a very highly
chemical. The hypochlorite ion accepts two electrons in its alkaline detergent. Therefore, there is a real and unfulfilled
conversion to a chloride. Therefore, the “available chlorine' need in the art for a chlorine bleach composition that
equivalency is calculated as twice the actual weight% of the exhibits improved bleach stability in highly alkaline deter
chlorine in the hypochlorite molecule. For example, in gents thereby avoiding production of hazardous chlorine gas
NaOCl, Cl equals 47.6% of the overall molecular weight while still providing excellent cleaning efficacy.
(74.5). The available chlorine (on a molar basis), therefore, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
equals 95.2% of the molecular weight of the hypochlorite
molecule. 0013 The present invention overcomes the above prob
0007 Once formed, a number of factors can adversely lems by providing an alkaline liquid, shelf-stable, aqueous
impact the functionality and shelf stability of hypochlorite. bleaching composition comprising a source of chlorine
The presence of metal ions, and exposure of the composition bleach compounds capable of forming a hypochlorite in
to heat and UV light can cause the hypochlorite to decom water, a bleach stabilizer and a metal hydroxide. The stabi
pose. The decomposition of sodium hypochlorite can occur lized hypochlorite compositions are typically singe-phase,
by two reaction paths. The total observed decomposition is homogeneous solutions, and as Such are easily dispersible
the summation of both of the following reactions: and convenient to dispense.
0008. The Chlorate path: 0014. The chlorine bleach compound is preferably
selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hypochlo
3 NaOCl->2 NaCl-NaClO. rites, alkaline earth metal hypochlorites, chlorine gas,
0009. The Oxygen path: hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, N-chloro melamines,
1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, N-chlorosuccinimide,
2 NaOCl->2 NaCl--O, N-chloro-N-sodiobenzene sulfonamide, N-chloro hydanto
0010. The chlorate path is primarily associated with auto ins, N-chlorinated isocyanurates, N-chlorinated cyanuric
decompositions and will occur over time even under favor acids, and combinations thereof, with sodium hypochlorite
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

being most preferred. The bleaching compositions generally 0017. Using sodium hypochlorite and sulfamic acid as
comprise from about 0.1-50% by weight of the hypochlorite the exemplary chlorine bleach and bleach stabilizer, it is
salt, more preferably from about 0.545% by weight, and believed that the following equations represent the equilib
most preferably about 1-36% by weight. Preferably, the rium reactions for the stabilized chlorine bleach system:
bleaching composition comprises Sufficient quantities of NH, SOH+NaOCl", CINH SOH+NaOH->
chlorine bleach so as to provide from about 0.1-10% by CINH SO-Na+HO
weight available chlorine, more preferably from about 0.5-
8% by weight, and most preferably from about 1-5% by
weight. All weight percentages expressed herein are based
on the weight of the entire composition unless otherwise The N-monochlorinated and N,N-dichlorinated sulfamates
stated. are obtained preferably by reacting an aqueous Solution of
0015 The bleach stabilizer is preferably an N-Hydrogen one mole-equivalent of sulfamic acid oran alkali metal or an
compound selected from the group consisting of compounds alkali earth metal Sulfamate with an aqueous solution of up
having at least one NH or NH, moiety capable of to 2 moles of hypochlorite. The above reactions proceed
reacting with hypochlorite to form NCl—, NHCl , or very rapidly by merely mixing the chemicals at ambient
NC1 derivatives (or compounds). Preferably, the N-Hy temperature. The first reaction step results in the formation
drogen compound is a Brónsted acid amide which contains of the N-monochlorosulfamate in quantitative yield by the
at least 1 N—H bond (i.e., an N H or NH group) adjacent reaction of equimolar amounts of Sulfamate and hypochlo
to an electron withdrawing functional group Such as C=O. rite ion. The second reaction step results in the conversion of
S=O or P=O. Even more preferably, the N-Hydrogen part of the N-monochlorosulfamate obtained in the first step
compounds have dissociation constants (pKa) greater than 5 to N,N-dichlorosulfamate.
provided that the conjugate base of the Brönsted acid is not
a halogen or halogen oxide. Particularly preferred stabilizer 0018. The equilibrium reaction of this bleach system
compounds are selected from the group consisting of Sul favors the formation of N,N-dichlorosulfamate ions which
famic acids and the corresponding metal salts thereof (par decompose, relatively slowly, to yield under highly alkaline
ticularly water Soluble salts such as sodium, potassium, conditions (pH>11) nitrogen gas, Sulfate, and chloride (1). If
magnesium, calcium, lithium and aluminum salts of Sul placed under acidic conditions, the N,N-dichlorosulfamate
famic acid), alkyl Sulfamates, cycloalkyl Sulfamates, aryl ions decompose by hydrolysis, to chlorine, chloramines, and
sulfamates, alkyl sulfonamides, aryl Sulfonamides, sulfa Sulfuric acid (2). In either case, the decomposition causes the
mide, carbamate, methyl carbamate, methane Sulfonamide, system to become unstable.
benzene Sulfonamide, p-toluene Sulfonamide, benzamide,
phenyl sulfinimide, diphenyl Sulfonamide, phenylsulfinim (1)
idylamide, diphenyl sulfonamide, dimethyl sulfinimidyla
mide, Succinimide, acetamide, phthalimide, acetanilide, for NHSO + CIN-SO
pH > 11
2 H + C + 2 SO2 + N.
mamide, N-methylformamide, dicyanadiamide,
N-ethylacetamide and 4-carboxybenzene sulfonamide, (2)
melamine, cyanamide, dicyanamide, ethyl carbamate, urea, 2 CIN-SO + 2 H2O 4 H + 2Cl2 + 2 SO4 + N2
thiourea, N-methylurea, N-methylolurea, acetylurea, isocya
nuric acid, barbituric acid, 6-methyluracil, glycoluril, capro
lactum, dimethylhydantoin, imidazoline, pyrrolidone,
pyrole, indole, orthophosphoryl triamide, phosphoryl tria 0019. The highly alkaline system (i.e., pH>11) further
mide boric acid amide, and combinations thereof. Sulfamic enhances the stability of the N-halo compounds by neutral
acid is the most preferred bleach stabilizer. Generally, the ization of the acid (H) produced on storage of the stabilized
chlorine bleach stabilizing agent is present in the bleaching bleach composition. Throughout the foregoing, references
have been made to the two different N-chlorosulfamate
composition in an amount Sufficient to stabilize the chlorine
bleach, preferably about 0.1-20% by weight, more prefer products: N-monochlorosulfamate, and N,N-dichlorosulfa
ably between about 1-15% by weight. Preferably, the chlo mate. In the description presented herein, the use of the term
rine stabilizing agent and chlorine bleach in compositions N-chlorosulfamates refers to a reaction mixture containing
are in a molar ratio of 0.1:10 to 10:0.1; most preferably, one either or both of the foregoing products.
mole of chlorine bleach per mole of active hydrogen atom 0020. The stability of the bleaching compositions is
attached to the N-atom of the bleach stabilizer. achieved by maintaining, at a minimum, a stoichiometric
0016 Preferred metal hydroxides for use with the present ratio between the chlorine bleach and bleach stabilizer.
invention are alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, with Amounts of bleach stabilizer in excess of the corresponding
Sodium and potassium hydroxides being most preferred. It is Stoichiometric quantity of bleach do not negatively impact
important that sufficient hydroxide be added so that the the system. However, if an amount of bleach stabilizer less
equilibrium reactions between the bleach stabilizer and than the required Stoichiometric amount is used, no system
chlorine bleach are shifted in favor of the formation of a stability is achieved. Surprisingly, the presence of less than
compound containing a NCl-, NHCl-, or NCl moiety. the stoichiometric amount of bleach stabilizer oftentimes
Preferably, the composition has a pH of at least about 11.5, produces a destabilizing effect, producing a system with
more preferably of at least about 12, and most preferably inferior bleach stability than a system in which no bleach
between about 12.5-14. Preferably, the composition com stabilizer is used. The precise molar ratio between bleach
prises between about 5-50% by weight metal hydroxide, stabilizer and chlorine bleach depends entirely upon the
more preferably between about 10-40% by weight, and most nature of the stabilizer and its ability to react with chlorine.
preferably between about 10-30% by weight. Table 1 illustrates the optimal theoretical mole ratios of
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

hypochlorite to various bleach stabilizing N-Hydrogen com composition. Examples of preferred inorganic non-phos
pounds necessary to produce bleaching compositions having phate builder salts include alkali metal borates, carbonates
maximum stability at neutral pH. and bicarbonates, and water insoluble aluminosilicates or
Zeolites, both crystalline and amorphous. More specific
TABLE 1. examples include Sodium tetraborate, Sodium carbonate,
Sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium
Bleach Stabilizers Mole Ratio (Stabilizer/OCI) carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium and potassium
Sulfamic Acid 1:2
Zeolites. Exemplary organic non-phosphate builders and
Sulfamide 1:4 sequestrant salts include alkali metal salts of polycarboxylic
Trisulfamide 1:3 acids and nitriloacetic acid. More specific examples include
p-Toluenesulfonamide 1:2 monosodium, disodium and trisodium citrate, and tetraso
Melamine 1:6 dium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-Na). Mixtures of
Sodium Triamidometaphosphate 1:3 alkali polyphosphates and conventional organic and/or inor
5,5-Dimethylhydantoin 1:2
ganic builder salts may also be employed. Since the com
positions according to the present invention are generally
concentrated and generally used in relatively small amounts,
0021. As shown for the bleach stabilizer compounds in it is preferable to supplement the polyphosphates builder
Table 1, the preferred molar ratio of bleach stabilizer to salts, such as Sodium/potassium tripolyphosphates with an
chlorine bleach depends on the number of active hydrogen auxiliary builder Such as an alkali metal polycarboxylate
atoms attached to the N-atom of the stabilizer. For the salt. Preferred alkali metal polycarboxylic salts include the
compositions shown in Table 1, the preferred molar ratio of alkali metal salts of citric acid and tartaric acid, with the
bleach stabilizer to chlorine bleach is at least about 1:6, more sodium salt of citric acid being particularly preferred. Other
preferably at least about 1:3, and most preferably at least auxiliary sequestrants such as the non-phosphate detergent
about 1:2. In preferred embodiments of the present inven builder salts may also be used to Supplement any polyphos
tion, the bleach stabilizer and chlorine bleach are in a molar phate builder salt.
ratio of about 10:1 to 1:10, more preferably about 6:1 to 1:8.
and most preferably about 1:1 to 1:6. 0026 Low molecular weight non-cross linked polyacry
0022. The stabilized bleaching compositions exhibit lates having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 100,000;
improved long term storage stability over a Substantially more preferably about 2,000 to 80,000, most preferably
identical composition employing no bleach stabilizer. Pref about 4500 are optional sequestrants used in connection with
erably, over a 8 month storage period at temperatures the builder salts. Water soluble salts of acrylic acid and
between about 20-60° C. (preferably at about 25° C.) methacrylic acid homopolymers are particularly preferred
compositions according to the present invention exhibit less for use with the present invention. The water soluble salts
than about a 60% loss of available chlorine at elevated are preferably alkali metal salts such as potassium or sodium
temperatures and preferably less than a 35% loss at ambient salts, ammonium salts, or Substituted ammonium salt. The
(25°C.) conditions compared to the initial available chlorine salt is also preferably in partially or fully neutralized form.
content of the composition. More specifically, at ambient Partial neutralization and esterification of the carboxylic
temperature the stabilized bleaching compositions showed a acid groups may be performed while maintaining the effi
significant improvement of 35-59% in long term storage cacy of the homopolymer. Low molecular weight polyacry
stability over the control where no stabilizer had been used. lates are commercially available Such as the low molecular
For storage at 40°C., the stabilized bleaching compositions weight non-cross-linked ACUSOL polyacrylates available
showed an improvement of 82-100% over the control. from Rohm and Hass. ACUSOL 445N, having a molecular
Similarly, for storage at 50° C., an improvement of 100% weight of about 4,500 is particularly preferred.
over the control was achieved. 0027. A mixture of an acrylic acid homopolymer and a
0023 Compositions according to the present invention maleic/olefin copolymer may also be used as the non-cross
may also comprise several optional ingredients which impart linked polyacrylate. The copolymer may be derived from a
desirable or beneficial characteristics to the composition substituted or unsubstituted maleic anhydride and a lower
Such as water Soluble builders, sequestrants, Surface active olefin in place of all or a portion of the cyclic anhydride.
agents, colorants, and fragrances. Preferably, the maleic anhydride monomer is of the general
formula:
0024 Water soluble builders and sequestrants enhance
cleaning performance of detergents especially in hard water
wash conditions. Preferred builder salts include alkali metal R O
detergent builder salts, particularly the alkali metal poly
phosphates and phosphonates. Examples of these builder
salts include, but are not limited to, alkali metal pyrophos O
phates (e.g., tetrasodium or tetrapostassium pyrophos
phates), alkali metal tripolyphosphates (e.g., Sodium or
potassium tripolyphosphate, either anhydrous or hydrated), R2 O
alkali metal metaphosphates (e.g., Sodium or potassium
hexametaphoshates), and the like (e.g., trisodium or tripo
tassium orthophosphate). The amount of alkali metal poly Where R and R are each independently selected from the
phosphate employed is preferably up to about 25% by group consisting of H. (C-C) alkyl, phenyl, C-C alky
weight of the composition, more preferably about 0-15% by lphenyl or phenyl C-C alkylene moieties; most preferably
weight. R and R are each H. The lower olefin component is
0025 Inorganic and organic non-phosphate detergent preferably a C-C olefin, such as ethylene, propylene,
builder salts may also be used in the present detergent isopropylene, butylenes or isobutylene, and most preferably
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

ethylene. Preferably, these copolymers have a molecular 0031 Additional exemplary surfactants inlcude alky
weight from about 1000 to 100,000, and more preferably lpolysaccharide Surfactants having a hydrophobic group
from about 1000 to 50,000. ACUSOL 460N is a preferred containing about 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, these
commercial copolymer having a molecular weight of about Surfactants comprise about 10 to 16 carbon atoms (most
15,000. Other exemplary copolymers include partially and preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms) and about 1.5 to 10
fully neutralized copolymers of a methacrylic acid and saccharide units (e.g., fructosyl, glucosyl and galactosyl
maleic anhydride sodium salt. These water soluble non units). Exemplary surfactants suitable for use with the
cross-linked polyacrylate polymers and copolymers, either present invention include alkylpolysaccharide Surfactants
alone or in combination, preferably comprise up to about particularly those available from Henkel Corporation under
20% by weight of the overall composition, and more pref name APG characterized by the general formula (CH
erably between about 1-10% by weight. 1)O(CHOs), H such as APG 625.
0032 Preferably, compositions according to the present
0028 Preferably, the surface active agent used with the invention comprise up to about 6% by weight of a surface
present invention is relatively stable in the presence of active agent, and more preferably up to about 3% by weight.
oxidants such as chlorine bleach, especially hypochlorite It is important to note that it is within the scope of the
bleach. Preferred surface active agents are selected from the invention to employ a mixture of two or more of the liquid
group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic and ampho Surface active agents described above. Also, the inventive
teric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred compositions can be used in high-foam, low-foam, and
Surface active agents include water soluble organic anionic no-foam applications. The amount of foaming desired will
Surfactants, amine oxides, phosphine oxides, Sulphoxides, generally dictate the choice of Surfactant to be used.
sulfonates (especially DOWFAX linear or branched alkali 0033. Other ingredients such as perfume/fragrance,
metal mono-and/or di-(C-C) alkyl diphenyl oxide mono hydrotropic agents, preservatives, colorants and dyestuffs,
and/or disulfonates available from Dow Chemical Com
pany), Sulfates, betaines, primary alkyl sulfates, alkyl Sul pigments and the like may be incorporated into the inventive
fonates, arylalkylsulfonates and secondary alkylsulfonates. highly alkaline bleaching compositions provided that they
Exemplary anionic Surfactants include Sodium (Co-Cs) are stable in a highly alkaline environment and in presence
alkylsulfonates such as sodium dodecylsulfonate, sodium of chlorine bleach. The balance of the bleaching composi
alkylsulfonates such as Sodium hexdecyl-1-sulfonate, and tion is water, preferably deionized water.
Sodium (C-C) alkylbenzenesulfonates such as sodium 0034. One particular advantage of the present invention is
dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The corresponding potassium that organic fragrances and colorants that would otherwise
salts of the foregoing are also acceptable. be susceptible to oxidative degradation in the presence of
0029 Exemplary nonionic surfactants are high and low chlorine bleach are Surprisingly stable in the present com
foam Surfactants such as poly-lower alkoxylated higher positions because the chlorine bleach is stabilized and
bound.
alcohols in which the alcohol contains 9 to 18 carbon atoms
and the number of moles of lower alkylene oxide (2 or 3 0035. The above-described compositions are generally
carbon atoms) is from 3 to 12. Exemplary nonionic Surfac regarded as concentrates capable of being diluted into use
tants useful with the present invention include the low foam Solutions prior to being used to clean a Soiled Surface.
PLURAFAC series from BASF Chemical Company. These Preferably, about one part by weight of a concentrate com
Surfactants are the reaction product of a higher linear alcohol position as described above is combined with from about
and a mixture of propylene oxide and ethylene oxides, 1-500 parts by weight water (more preferably from about
containing a mixed chain of propylene oxide and ethylene 25-100 parts by weight water) to form the use solution.
oxide terminated by a hydroxyl group. Specific examples Preferably, the use solutions have a pH of at least about 11.5,
include a C-Cs fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles of more preferably at least about 12, and most preferably from
ethylene oxide and 3 moles of propylene oxide and a about 12-14.
C-Cls fatty alcohol condensed with 7 moles of propylene 0036) The bleaching compositions and their respective
oxide and 4 moles of ethylene oxide. Particularly preferred use solutions are generally characterized by low viscosities,
Plurafac(R) Surfactants include Plurafac(R) LF 132, Plurafac(R) as opposed to highly viscous gel compositions. Preferably,
LF 231, Plurafac(R) LF 303, Plurafac(R) LF 305, Plurafac(R) S the bleaching compositions and use solutions have Brook
305LF, Plurafac(R) RA 40, Plurafac(R) RA 30, Plurafac(R) field viscosities of less then about 2000 cps (at 25° C., 30
25R2, Plurafac(R) SLF 18, and Plurafac(R) SLF 18B-45. rpm), more preferably less than about 1000 cps, even more
0030. Other exemplary nonionic surfactants include con preferably less than about 500 cps, and most preferably less
densation products of a mixture of higher fatty alcohols than about 50 cps.
averaging about 12 to 15 carbon atoms with about 6.5 to 7 0037 Compositions according to the present invention,
moles of ethylene oxide under the name NEODOL by Shell and particularly the use Solutions thereof, are useful in
Chemical Company such as Neodol R 25-7 and Neodol R. cleaning a soiled Surface, particularly a surface soiled with
25-6.5. Still further exemplary nonionic surfactants include protein residues such as milk residue. Methods of cleaning
linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates, and linear alcohols in accordance with the invention comprise the steps of
having randomly distributed ethoxy and propoxy groups providing a bleaching and cleaning composition as set forth
sold under name TERGITOL by Union Carbide such as above and applying the composition to a Surface. Preferably,
Tergitol(R) 15-S-7, Tergitol(R) 15-S-9, and Tergitol(R) MDS-42. the composition is diluted prior to application to the Soiled
The POLY-TERGENT family of low foaming, biodegrad surface to form a use solution as described above. During the
able alkoxylated liner fatty alcohols by Olin Corporation are dilution step, it is preferable for the water added to have a
also exemplary Surfactants suitable for use with the present temperature between about 40-90° C. and more preferably
invention. Particularly preferred Poly-Tergent(R) surfactants between about 50-70° C. A water temperature in this range
include Poly-Tergent(R) S-LF 18, Ploy-Tergent(R) S-303-LF, assists in releasing available chlorine from the bleach sta
Poly-Tergent(R) S-305-LF, Poly-Tergent(R) S-405-LF and bilized complex thereby enhancing the composition's clean
CS-1 ing power.
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

0038 Methods according to the present invention are 0041. The stabilized bleaching compositions showed a
useful in cleaning and sanitizing any number of Surfaces significant improvement of 30 to 53% in long term storage
Soiled with a variety of contaminants, particularly protein stability at ambient temperature over the control where no
soils such as milk residue. Surfaces which are likely to stabilizer was used. The stabilized bleaching compositions
contain these types of Soils include food processing systems showed a very significant improvement of 60 to 100% in
(such as milking equipment), clean-in-place systems, and long term storage stability at 40°C. over the control where
industrial food processing units such as dairy, fish, poultry, no stabilizer had been used. Similarly, the stabilized bleach
meat, juice, beverage, cheese, and other food processing ing compositions exhibited superior stability at 50° C.
equipment. The concentrated bleaching compositions or use storage temperature whereas the stabilizer-free control was
compositions may be applied to the Surface to be cleaned in depleted of chlorine in as early as 60 days resulting in a
liquid form, as a spray, or as a foam. It is also preferable to 100% improvement. Further, the stabilized bleach compo
adequately rinse the Surface once cleaned so as to avoid sitions provided Sustained long term hypochlorite bleach
contamination of food products with the bleaching compo functionality as demonstrated in the cleaning trials involving
sitions or use solutions. bleach-sensitive soils such as proteins from milk.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE Highly Alkaline Stabilized Liquid Detergent
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Composition I
0.039 The following examples set forth preferred chlo 0042. In this example, highly alkaline stabilized deter
rine bleach stabilized alkaline detergents in accordance with gent compositions (“Composition I) with 4%, 3.5%, and
the present invention. It is to be understood, however, that 3% available chlorine, including some with adjusted alka
these examples are provided by way of illustration and linity, were studied. Following each table Summarizing the
nothing therein should be taken as a limitation upon the composition of each detergent, stability data for each deter
overall scope of the invention. gent is shown at various storage temperatures: 25°C., 40°
C., and/or 50° C. In the samples with adjusted alkalinity,
0040 Five chloroalkaline liquid detergent formulas (I-V) additional Sodium hydroxide was added to the compositions
were prepared and tested. Each detergent formula was to neutralize the added sulfamic acid and to keep the
evaluated using different chlorine levels and different sul alkalinity of the composition substantially the same in all of
famic acid stabilizer levels. The stability of each formula the compositions. The amount of additional sodium hydrox
was observed under ambient (25° C.), 40° C., and 50° C. ide need was based on potentiometric titration of the alkaline
conditions for up to 10 months. compositions containing Sulfamic acid and chlorine bleach.

TABLE 2
Highly Alkaline Stabilized Detergent Composition I with 4% Available Chlorine
Ingredients I (1) I (2) I (3) I (4) I (5) I (6) I (7) I (8)
Deionized Water 20.90 23.60 24.90 26.30 27.60 29.00 30.30 31.70
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good Rite 7058 O.80 O.80 O.80 O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80
2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid (50%) 120 1.20 1.20 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 1.20
NaOH (50%) 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30
Sulfamic Acid 10.80 8.10 6.8O S.40 4.10 2.70 140 O.OO
NaOCl (av. C 12.6%) 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl
pH (Neat, 19.5° C.) 13.90 13.89 13.90 13.91 13.90 13.90 13.90 13.91

0.043)
TABLE 3
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature-Highly Alkaline Detergent Composition I with 4% Available Chlorine
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 32 S4 97 124 161 197 226 264 294 368
% % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
I (1) 10.80 3.951 3.818 3.779 3.682
I (2) 8.10 3.930 3.818 3.778 3.694 3.628 3.616 3.594 3.518. 3...SOS 3.426 3.447 3455 12.09
I (3) 6.8O 3.941 3.824 3.759 3.712 3.657 3.648 3600 3.529 3.509 3.504 3.437 3.230 18.04
I (4) S.40 3.921 3.828 3.786 3.686 3.600 3.595 3.587 3.514 3.506 3.409 3.386 2.98S 23.87
I (5) 4.10 3.810 1.783 1.763 1687 1.644 1645 1.637 1603 1.594 1.574 1159 1394 63.41
I (6) 2.70 3.794 O.901 O.S94 O.373 O.282 0.245 O.197 0.16S O.126 0.100 0.104 O. 115 96.97
I (7) 140 3.828 1744 1.508 1.256
I (8) O.OO 3.945 3.178 2.86S 2.38 2.145 2.028 1884 1644 1527 1.347 1.259 O.974 75.31
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

TABLE 3-continued
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature-Highly Alkaline Detergent Composition I with 4% Available Chlorine
Bleach Stability: 40° C.
Days of Stability
O 32 55 97 124 141 161 197 229 264 294 368
% % % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. C1 % CI Lost
I (1) 10.80 3.951 3.724 3.702 3.661
I (2) 8.10 3.930 3.716 3.625 3.SSS 3.516 3.499 3.444 3.361 3.326 3.252 3.179 3.067 21.96
I (3) 6.8O 3.941 3.730 3.652 3.581 3.SS4 3.531 3.478 3.425 3.414 3.374 3.332 3.101 21.31
I (4) S.40 3.921 3.669 3621 3.521 3.S16 3.477 3.446 3439 3.415 3405 3.339 3.256 16.96
I (5) 4.10 3.810 1612 1.592 1551 1.547 1.523 1486 1479 1428 1408 1394 1311 65.59
I (6) 2.70 3.794 0.082 0.062 O.OS1 O.OS1 0.055 O.OSS O.OS7 O.OO7 O.O46
I (7) 140 3.828 0.640 0405 O.2O1
I (8) O.OO 3.945 1.052 0.621 O.272 0.154 0.113 O.O29 O.OO7 O.OOO 100

Bleach Stability: 50° C.

Days of Stability
O 32 S4 97 124 141 161 197 229 264
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl Cl Lost, %

I (1) 3.951 3.76O 3.667 3.573

I (2) 8.10 3.930 3.217 3.048 2.721 2.467 2.231 2.055 1.337 1.274 0.264 8
I (3) 6.8O 3.941 3.277 3.102 2.698 2.494 2.286 2.044 1676 1.298 O.839 78.71
I (4) S.40 3.921 3.151 2.923 2.650 2.426 2.306 2.081 1.900 1.459 1.041 73.45
I (5) 4.10 3.810 1.391 1364 1.279 1.223 1.175 1.082 O.968 O.818 O.658 82.73
I (6) 2.70 3.794 0.07O O.OSO O.OOO 1OOOO
I (7) 140 3.828 0.141 O.O15 O.OOO 1OOOO
I (8) O.OO 3.945 O.129 OO1O O.OOO 1OOOO

0044)
TABLE 4

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleach Composition I with 3% Available Chlorine

Ingredients I (9) I (10) I (11) I (12) I (13) I (14) I (15) I (16)

Deionized Water 31.60 33.60 43.60 35.60 36.60 37.70 38.60 39.70
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80
Rite 7058
2-Phosphononobutane-1,2,4- 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 120
Tricarboxylic Acid (50%)
NaOH (50%) 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30 33.30
Sulfamic Acid 8.10 6.10 S.10 4.10 3.10 2.00 1.10 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. C. 12.00%) 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.OO1.OO O.75,100 0.63:1.OO O.S.O.1.OO 0.38.1.OO O.25.1.OO O.13.1.OO O.OOf1.00
pH (Neat, 24.8° C.) 13.90 13.89 13.90 13.91 13.90 13.90 13.90 13.91
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 22°C.) 12.26 12.25 12.27
Brookfield Viscosity, use solution 4.54 4.6O 4.06
(UL Adapter, 25° C., 30 rpm), cps
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

0045
TABLE 5

Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature-Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition I with 3% Available Chlorine
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 39 53 70 88 108 137 179 210 229 309
Sam- % % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
ple NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
I (9) 8.10 2.941 2.786
I (10) 6.10 2.930 2.777 2.764 2.724. 2.701 2.675 2.606 2.595 2.574 2.534 2.497 14.78
I (11) S.10 2.926 2.779 2.745 2.7OO 2.679 2.653 2.638 2.6O2 2.57S 2.576 2.538 13.26
I (12) 4.10 2.914 2.774 2.769 2.720 2.689 2.677 2.632 2.628 2.562 2.SS8 2.474 15.10
I (13) 3.10 2.845 1.564 1.549 1.526 1.525 1507 1.479 1467 1469 1.442 1.429 49.77
I (14) 2.00 2.815 O.603 0471 0.355 O.271 O.233 O.192 O156 O.16O O.126 O. 104 96.31
I (15) 1.10 2.845 1118
I (16) O.OO 2.912 2.217 2.047 1874 1721 1.562 1.398 1.209 1.093 1.032 0.823 71.74

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 39 S4 70 88 108 137 179 210 229 309
Sam- % % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
ple NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
I (9) 8.10 2.941 2.644
I (10) 6.10 2.930 2.690 2.6OS 2.588 2.58O 2.SS3 2.512 2.543 2.464 2.469 2.472 15.63
I (11) S.10 2.926 2.71S 2.617 2.589 2.568 2.56S 2.536 2.468 2.441 2.440 2.2O7 24.57
I (12) 4.10 2.914 2.658 2.652 2.608 2.608 2.587 2.546 2.53S 2.5O1 2.510 2.5O1 14.17
I (13) 3.10 2.845 1467 1.441 1415 1.398 1.382 1360 1.337 1.339 1312 1.300 5431
I (14) 2.00 2.815 O.141 O. 119 O.114 O. 116 O. 119 O.115 O.096 O.O88 O.O76 O.O67 97.62
I (15) 1.10 2.845 O.475 71.74
I (16) O.OO 2.912 0.797 0.595 0.441 O.295 0.2OO O.139 O.O46 OO15 O.OOO O.OOO 1OO

0046)
TABLE 6

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition I with 3% Available Chlorine and Adjusted Alkalinity

Ingredients I (17) I (18) I (19) I (20) I (21) I (22) I (23) I (24)

Deionized Water 26.10 28.60 29.40 32.00 352.00 34.20 36.50 39.70
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good Rite O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.80 O.80 O.8O O.80
7058
2-Phosphononobutane-1,2,4- 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 120 1.20 1.2O 1.20
Tricarboxylic Acid (50%)
NaOH (50%) 38.8O 38.30 38.50 36.90 37.90 36.8O 3S4O 33.30
Sulfamic Acid 8.10 6.10 S.10 4.10 3.10 2.00 1.10 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. C. 12.00%) 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00 25.00 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.OOf1.OO O.7S 1.OO O.63.1.OO O.S.O.1.OO O.38:1.OO O.25.1.OO 0.13,100 OOO,100
pH (Neat, 19.5° C.) 1360 13.70 13.91 13.89 13.90 13.89 13.85 13.88
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 22°C.) 12.28 12.29 12.27
Brookfield Viscosity, use solution (UL 3.66 3.40 2.60
Adapter, 25°C., 30 rpm), cps
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

0047
TABLE 7

Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature Conditions-Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition I with 3% Available Chlorine
and Adjusted Alkalinity
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 31 42 58 76 97 125 166 198 218 299
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample % NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl % CI Lost
I (17) 8.10 2.930 2.776
I (18) 6.10 2.925 2.766 2.754 2.724. 2.699 2.661 2.626 2.598 2.575 2.568 2.527 1360
I (19) S.10 2.943 2.787 2.767 2.7OO 2.640 2.603 2.573 2.559 2.540 2.514 2.470 16.07
I (20) 4.10 2.962 2.789 2.776 2.720 2.727 2.672 2.642 2.612 2.591 2.591 2.313 21.91
I (21) 3.10 2.834 1590 1571 1.526 1521 1516 1.511 1...SOO 1.464 1.437 1.442 49.11
I (22) 2.OO 2.836 O.618 O.S12 O.3SS O.298 0.288 O2S2 O.246 O.243 O.241 O.244 91.39
I (23) 1.10 2.891 1160
I (24) O.OO 2.887 2.3O8 2.183 1874 1837 1.658 1475 1248 1106 1.037 O.809 71.97

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 38 47 58 76 97 125 166 198 218 299
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample % NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl % CI Lost
I (17) 8.10 2.930
I (18) 6.10 2.925 2.439 2.405 2.402 2.346 2.306 2.249 2.2O2 2.146 2.139 2.09S 28.37
I (19 S.10 2.943 2.422 2.371 2.416 2.371 2.31 O 2.268 2.2O3 2.153 2.128 2.126 27.76
I (20) 4.10 2.962 2497 2470 2.608 2.418 2.384 2.326 2.272 2.233 2.215 2.123 28.32
I (21) 3.10 2.834 1344 1300 1415 1.253 1.247 1.213 1.205 1.173 1160 1.154 59.28
I (22) 2.OO 2.836 O.151 O.186 0.114 O.199 0.204 0.190 O.168 O.162 O.138 O.141 95.03
I (23) 1.10 2.891
I (24) O.OO 2.887 O.697 0.608 O.441 O.330 0.21S O.O79 0.013 O.O13 O O 100

0048)
TABLE 8

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition I with 3.5% Available Chlorine and Adjusted Alkalinity

Ingredients I (25) I (26) I (27) I (28) I (29) I (30) I (31) I (32) I (33)
Deionized Water 27.00 27.30 27.8O 28.20 28.60 29.10 29.50 31.2O 35.50
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.8O O.80
Rite 7058
2-Phosphononobutane-1,2,4- 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 1.2O 1.20
Tricarboxylic Acid (50%)
NaOH (50%) 37.10 37.0 36.8O 36.60 36.40 36.20 36.00 35.20 33.30
Sulfamic Acid 4.70 4SO 4.20 4.OO 3.80 3.SO 3.30 240 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. C. 12.00%) 29.20 29.20 29.20 29.20 29.20 29.20 29.20 29.20 29.20
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 0.51f1.00 0.491.00 0.461.00 0.431.00 0.411.00 0.391.00 0.361.00 0.261.00 0.001.00
pH (Neat, 19.5° C.) 14.04 14.04 14.02 14.02 14.02 14.O2 14.01 14.01 14.03
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 22°C.) 1234 12.29 12.26 12.23
Brookfield Viscosity, use solution 6.24 S.90 5.56 4.52
(UL Adapter, 25° C., 30 rpm), cps
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

0049)
TABLE 9
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature Conditions-Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition I
with 3.5% Available Chlorine and Adjusted Alkalinity
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 12 32 61 105 138 1S6 2O6
% % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
I (25) 4.70 3.374 3.300 3.246 3.187 3.152 3.056 3.128 3.096 8.24
I (26) 4.47 3.423 3.07S 3.023 2.990 2.910 2.88O 2.850 2.844 16.91
I (27) 4.23 3.333 2.716 2.675 2.600 2.SSS 2.541 2.538 2.492 2S.23
I (28) 4.OO 3.320 2.347 2.293 2.254 2.232 2.188 2.162 2.094 36.93
I (29) 3.76 3.327 1996 1966 1999 1902 1863 1855 1824 45.18
I (30) 3.53 3.325 1660 1.609 1.594 1.545 1.538 1. SOO 1.490 55.19
I (31) 3.29 3.325 1.328 1.251 1.232 1.209 1.178 1.174 1154 65.29
I (32) 2.40 3.337 O.974 O.S31 O.331 O.308 O.217 O.202 0.183 94.52
I (33) O.OO 3.410 2.901 2.534 2.109 1.703 1489 1.378 1.062 68.86

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 12 32 61 105 138 1S6 2O6
% % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl LOSS, 96
I (25) 4.70 3.374 2.930 2.835 2.764 2.686 2.659 2.623 2.628 22.11
I (26) 4.47 3.423 2.661 2.573 2.457 2.348 2.334 2.299 2.224 35.03
I (27) 4.23 3.333 2.317 2.257 2.123 2.083 2.055 2.024 2.038 38.65
I (28) 4.OO 3.320 2.228 2200 2.17O 2142 2.109 2.118 2087 37.14
I (29) 3.76 3.327 1836 1832 1812 1787 1.774 1758 1.725 48.18
I (30) 3.53 3.325 1558 1.533 1.512 1496 1492 1497 1471 55.76
I (31) 3.29 3.325 1.071 1.027 0.990 O.974 0.967 O.953 O.935 71.88
I (32) 2.40 3.337 O.171 O.176 O.169 O.O19 O.166 O.162 0.117 96.49
I (33) O.OO 3.410 1.558 0.725 O.427 O.O28 O.O85 O.061 O.O22 99.35

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Detergent Composition is shown at various storage temperatures: 25°C., 40°C., and
II 50° C. In the samples with adjusted alkalinity, additional
Sodium hydroxide was added to the compositions to neu
0050. In this example, highly alkaline stabilized deter tralize the added sulfamic acid and to keep the alkalinity of
gent compositions (“Composition II”) with 4% and 3% the composition Substantially the same in all of the compo
available chlorine, including some with adjusted alkalinity sitions. The amount of additional sodium hydroxide need
were studied. Following each table Summarizing the com was based on potentiometric titration of the alkaline com
position of each detergent, stability data for each detergent position containing Sulfamic acid and chlorine bleach.

TABLE 10

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Detergent Composition II with 4% Available Chlorine

Ingredients II (1) II (2) II (3) II (4) II (5) II (6) II (7) II (8)
Deionized Water 34.20 36.90 38.20 39.60 40.90 42.2O 43.50 45.00
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good Rite O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.80 O.80
7058
2-Phosphononobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic 1.2O 120 1.2O 1.20 1.2O 1.20 1.20 1.20
Acid (50%)
NaOH (50%) 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO
Sulfamic Acid 10.80 8.10 6.8O S.40 4.10 2.70 140 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. C. 12.6%) 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.OOf1.OO O.75.1.OO 0.63,100 OSO;1.OO O.38:1.OO O.25.1.OO 0.13,100 OOO,100
pH (Neat, 22.5° C.) 13.88 13.92 13.86 13.90 13.94 13.85 13.87 13.90
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
10

0051)
TABLE 11
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperatures —Highly Alkaline Detergent Composition II with 4% Available Chlorine
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 32 59 102 122 145 199 224 267 292 368
% % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl % CI Lost
II (1) 10.8 3.954 3.785 3.733 3.684
II (2) 8.10 3.971 3.836 3.755 3.706 3.622 3.610 3.480 3.479 3.429 3.418 3.300 16.90
II (3) 6.8O 3.963 3.8O1 3.739 3.698 3.576 3.568 3.426 3.454 3.410 3.375 3.240 1820
II (4) S.40 3.96O 3.788 3.745 3.644 3.582 3.524 3.391 3.386 3.319 3.291 3.199 1920
II (5) 4.10 3.758 1.355 1.309 1.287 1.254 1.230 1187 1.175 1.168 1.137 1.111 70.40
II (6) 2.70 3.76O O.931 O.811 O.715 O.663 O. 627 O.SS4 O.S23 O.478 O.475 O421 88.80
II (7) 140 3.833 2.154 2007 1824
II (8) O.OO 3.945 3.530 3.295 2.969 2.790 2.668 2.289 2.171 2.051 2.075 1.697 56.98

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 32 61 102 123 139 159 199 227 263 292 368
% % % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. C1 % CI Lost
II (1) 10.8 3.954 3.778 3.723 3.677
II (2) 8.10 3.971 3.787 3.763 3.680 3.62O 3.629 3.6 OSO 3.585 3.585 3.591 3.566 3.561 10.30
II (3) 6.8O 3.963 3.769 3.734 3.668 3.595 3.593 3.576O 3.5450 3.584 3.583 3.547 3.SS4 10.30
II (4) S.40 3.96O 3.517 3.417 3.392 3.299 3.262 3.2590 3.2450 3.212 3.124 3.102 3.196 1930
II (5) 4.10 3.758 1.272 1243 1.193 1.161 1.157 1142O 1.109 1.085 1075 1.076 1079 71.30
II (6) 2.70 3.76O O.S6S O.443 1367 O.267 O.269 O.2440 0.18 O.145 0.102 O.O7O O.O28 99.30
II (7) 140 3.833 1.306 0.988 1.697
II (8) O.OO 3.945 1837 1.184 O.803 O.616 0.549 O.4510 O-329 O.267 O.184 O.149 0.047 98.80

Bleach Stability: 50° C.

Days of Stability
O 32 61 87 102 124 145 199 227 263
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl % CI Loss
II (1) 10.8 3.954 3.559 3.513 3.42O 3.304
II (2) 8.10 3.971 3.639 3.403 3.341 3.209 3.064 2.981 2.664 2.672 2.395 39.70
II (3) 6.8O 3.963 3.529 3.272 3.140 3.010 2.839 2.745 2.505 2.308 2.572 35.10
II (4) S.40 3.960 3.133 2.870 2.767 2.629 2.482 2.342 2.232 2.066 1994 49.60
II (5) 4.10 3.758 1.120 1.066 1.030 O.972 O.913 O.888 O.876 O.827 O.392 89.60
II (6) 2.70 3.760 O.303 O.13S O.061 O.O14 O.OO7
II (7) 140 3.833 O.S68 O.243 O.168 O.113
II (8) O.OO 3.945 O.786 O.330 O.228 O.139 O.078 O.O32 O.O13 O.OO6 O.O14 99.60

0052)
TABLE 12
Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition II with 3% Available Chlorine
Ingredients II (9) II (10) II (11) II (12) II (13) II (14) II (15) II (16)
Deionized Water 44.90 46.90 47.90 48.90 49.90 S1.00 51.90 53.00
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80
Rite 7058
2-Phosphononobutane-1,2,4- 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 120
Tricarboxylic Acid (50%)
NaOH (50%) 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO 2O.OO
Sulfamic Acid 8.10 6.10 S.10 4.10 3.10 2.00 1.10 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. C. 12.6%) 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.OO1.OO O.75,100 0.63:1.OO O.S.O.1.OO 0.38.1.OO O.25.1.OO O.13.1.OO O.OOf1.00
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
11

TABLE 12-continued
Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition II with 3% Available Chlorine
Ingredients II (9) II (10) II (11) II (12) II (13) II (14) II (15) II (16)
pH (Neat, 24.5° C.) 1289 12.95 12.93 12.93 12.93 12.90 12.90 12.93
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 22°C.) 11.94 11.94 12.00
Brookfield Viscosity, use solution 2.56 2.68 2.44
(UL Adapter, 25° C., 30 rpm), cps

0053)
TABLE 13
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperatures-Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition II with 3% Available Chlorine

Days of Stability
O 35 50 67 85 105 134 176 210 227 297 Improve
% % % % % % % % % % % % ment
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
(9) 8.10 2.964 2.759
(10) 6.10 2.904 2.753 2.729 2.693 2.659 2.637 2.62O 2.578 2.519 2. SOO 2.486 1439
(11) S.10 2.924 2.791 2.771 2.726 2.710 2.681 2.671 2.645 2.653 2.598 2.574 11.97
(12) 4.10 2.923 2.764 2.748 2.728 2.679 2.62O 2.599 2.542 2.531 2.516 2.5O1 14.44
(13) 3.10 2.8O2 1.351 1.331 1.292 1.267 1.269 1242 1.208 1.209 1209 1.151 S8.92
(14) 2.00 2.815 0.682 0.621 O.S62 O.S28 O.499 0.473 0.419 0.389 O.36O O.314 88.85
(15) 1.10 2.878 1.486
(16) O.OO 2.907 2.SS7 2.458 2.339 2.187 2.081 1964 1.816 1698 1640 1462 49.71
Bleach Stability: 40° C.
(9) 8.10 2.964 2.784
(10) 6.10 2.904 2.741 2.723 2.684 2.686 2.662 2.624 2.596 2.58O 2.53S 2.586 10.95
(11) S.10 2.924 2.780 2.753 2.721 2.691 2.685 2.639 2.63O 2.577 2.618 2.543 13.03
(12) 4.10 2.923 2.766 2.702 2.671 2.647 2.631 2.579 2.572 2.545 2SO7 2.493 14.71
(13) 3.10 2.8O2 1.279 1.252 1.227 1208 1.210 1.187 1059 1.141 1134 1086 61.24
(14) 2.00 2.815 0.416 0.362 0.316 O.279 0.256 0.213 O.169 O.135 0.087 0.062 97.8O
(15) 1.10 2.878 1.OOS
(16) O.OO 2.907 1524 1281 1.094 O.923 0.767 O.S98 0.469 O.361 O.319 O.215 92.60

0054)
TABLE 1.4

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition II with 3% Available Chlorine and Adjusted Alkalinity

Ingredients II (17) II (18) II (19) II (20) II (21) II (22) II (23) II (24)

Deionized Water 35.60 39.60 43.90 43.50 44.8O 46.2O 47.30 53.00
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good Rite O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80
7058
2-Phosphononobutane-1,2,4- 1.2O 120 1.2O 120 1.2O 1.20 1.2O 1.20
Tricarboxylic Acid (50%), Bayhabit
AM
NaOH (50%) 29.30 27.30 24.00 25.40 25.10 24.80 24.60 2O.OO
Sulfamic Acid 8.10 6.10 S.10 4.10 3.10 2.00 1.10 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. C. 12.6%) 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 25.00 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.OOf1.OO O.7S 1.OO O.63.1.OO O.S.O.1.OO O.38:1.OO O.25.1.OO 0.13,100 OOO,100
pH (Neat, 19.5° C.) 1340 13.47 13.53 13.57 13.61 13.61 1360 13.61
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 22°C.) 12.13 12.10 12.04
Brookfield Viscosity, use solution 5.60 6.28 4.58
(25°C., 30 rpm), cps (UL Adapter)
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
12

0055)
TABLE 1.5
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature-Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition II with 3% Available Chlorine and
Adjusted Alkalinity
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 10 31 41 55 73 94 16S 197 218 299 Improve
% % % % % % % % % % % % ment
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
II (17) 8.10 2.926 2.830 2.796
II (18) 6.10 2.953 2.822 2.807 2.786 2.693 2.689 2.682 2.666 2.629 2.618 2.578 12.70
II (19) S.10 2.918 2.856 2.783 2.768 2.726 2.709 2.694 2.63O 2.613 2.589 2.581 11.55
II (20) 4.10 2.941 2.822 2.792 2.791 2.728 2.713 2.695 2.639 2.600 2.609 2.519 14.35
II (21) 3.10 2.828 1.37O 1323 1.276 1.276 1.264 1244 1220 1.187 1.178 1172 58.56
II (22) 2.00 2.8O8 1.039 O.696 O.S96 O.S62 0.423 O.38 O.242 0.209 O.175 0.103 96.33
II (23) 1.10 2.832 1.768. 1479
II (24) O.OO 2.893 2.767 2.616 2.516 2.339 2.322 2.36O 1.808 1708 1642 1.437 S.O.31

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 10 38 45 55 73 94 16S 197 218 299 Improve
% % % % % % % % % % % % ment
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
II (17) 8.10 2.926 2.816
II (18) 6.10 2.953 2.842 2.787 2.771 2.684 2.672 2.682 2.669 2.673 2.655 2.629 11.OO
II (19) S.10 2.918 2.848 2.800 2.766 2.721 2.714 2.709 2.66S 2.689 2.678 2.640 9.60
II (20) 4.10 2.941 2.803 2.757 2.675 2.671 2.644 2.632 2.564 2.483 2,471 2.SS4 13.20
II (21) 3.10 2.828 1.276 1236 1.202 1216 1.194 1.182 1.133 1.135 1.125 1.127 60.10
II (22) 2.00 2.8O8 0.362 0.211 O.193 O.302 0.116 0.085 O.O2O O.O19 O.O1O O.O10 99.60
II (23) 1.10 2.832 1.194
II (24) O.OO 2.893 2.260 1527 1415 1.094 0.957 0.999 0.423 O.3SS O.271 O.236 91.8O

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Detergent Composition storage temperatures: 25° C., 40° C., and 50° C. In the
III samples with adjusted alkalinity, additional Sodium hydrox
ide was added to the compositions to neutralize the added
0056. In this example, highly alkaline stabilized deter Sulfamic acid and to keep the alkalinity of the composition
gent compositions (“Composition III') with 3% chlorine and substantially the same in all of the compositions. The
3% chlorine with adjusted alkalinity were studied. Follow amount of additional Sodium hydroxide need was based on
ing the table Summarizing the composition of each deter potentiometric titration of the alkaline composition contain
gent, stability data for each detergent is shown at various ing Sulfamic acid and chlorine bleach.
TABLE 16

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition III with 3% Available Chlorine and Adjusted Alkalinity
Ingredients III (1) III (2) III (3) III (4) III (5) III (6) III (7) III (8)
Deionized Water 26.10 31.64 33.84 36.14 38.44 40.94 42.94 45.54
Sodium Glucoheptanoate O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6
Sodium Tripolyphosphate S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO
KOH (45%) 34.90 32.2O 31.00 29.70 28.40 27.00 25.90 24.40
Sulfamic Acid 8.10 6.10 S.10 4.10 3.10 2.00 1.10 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. 12.00%) 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO 2S.OO
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.OOf1.OO O.75.1.OO 0.63,100 OSO;1.OO O.38:1.OO O.25.1.OO 0.13,100 OOO,100
pH (Neat, 21.2° C.) 1426 1423 1423 14.21 14.17 1416 14.14 14.11
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 11.94 11.96 11.93
22° C.)
Brookfield Viscosity, use 2.52 2.28 2.14
solution (UL Adapter, 25°C., 30 rpm),
cpS
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
13

0057)
TABLE 17

Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperatures - Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition III with 3% Available
Chlorine and Adjusted Alkalinity
Bleach Stability: 25° C.
Days of Stability
O 8 15 28 49 68 98 138 191 270
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. C1 % CI Lost
III (1) 8.10 2.973 2.819 2.8OS
III (2) 6.10 3.018 2.853 2.827 2.817 2.744 2.738 2.723 2.711 2.684 2.659 11.90
III (3) S.10 3.007 2.894 2.826 2.816 2.789 2.76O 2.746 2.710 2.683 2.63S 12.37
III (4) 4.10 2.974 2.824 2.815 2.783 2.722 2.696 2.652 2.624 2.566 2.515 1543
III (5) 3.10 2.720 1.310 1300 0.915 1.032 1.236 1.219 1194 1.146 1176 56.76
III (6) 2.00 2.734 0.832 O.729 O.651 0.614 O.S6O O.S4.6 OSOO 0.491 0.458 83.25
III (7) 1.10 2.799 1.6SO 1567
III (8) O.OO 3.023 2.820 2.754 2.609 2.461 2.339 2.176 1974 1.72O 1499 SO41

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 9 19 30 49 68 98 138 190 270
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
III (1) 8.10 2.973 2.897 2.857
III (2) 6.10 3.018 2.984 2.857 2.8O3 2.781 2.784 2.724. 2.723 2.696 2.7SO 8.88
III (3) S.10 3.007 2.926 2.853 2.798 2.798 2.769 2.7SO 2.709 2.662 2.693 10.44
III (4) 4.10 2.974 2.839 2.796 2.514 2.663 2.6SO 2.568 2.529 2.400 2.274 23.54
III (5) 3.10 2.720 1.318 1257 1.205 1197 1159 1.147 1113 1.08.2 1027 62.24
III (6) 2.00 2.734 0.626 O566 0.496 O.434 0.385 O.329 O.261 O.201 O.129 95.28
III (7) 1.10 2.799 1493 1.245
III (8) O.OO 3.023 2.363 1930 1.564 1.237 0.980 O.74 O.S58 0.411 O.279 90.77

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Detergent Composition were studied. Following the table Summarizing the compo
IV sition of each detergent, stability data for each detergent is
0.058. In this example, highly alkaline stabilized deter shown at various storage temperatures: 25°C., 40° C., and
gent compositions (“Composition IV') with 2% chlorine 500 C.

TABLE 1.8

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition IV with 2% Available Chlorine

Ingredients IV (1) IV (2) IV (3) IV (4) IV (5) IV (6) IV (7) IV (8)

Deionized Water 31.10 32.40 33.10 33.80 34.40 35.10 35.8O 36.50
Sodium 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO
Tripolyphosphate
KOH (45%) 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00
Potassium Silicate (29%) 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO 9.SO
Sulfamic Acid S.40 4.10 340 2.70 2.10 140 O.70 O.OO
NaOCl (Av. 12.6%) 16...SO 16...SO 16...SO 16...SO 16...SO 16...SO 16...SO 16...SO
Mole Ratio: 1.OOf1.OO O.75.1.OO 0.63,100 OSO;1.OO O.38:1.OO O.25.1.OO 0.13,100 OOO,100
NHSOH/NaOCl
pH (Neat, 19.5° C.) 13.97 14.O2 14.08 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.12
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
14

0059)
TABLE 19
Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature Conditions-Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition IV with 2% Available
Chlorine

Bleach Stability: 25° C.

Days of Stability
O 33 67 95 123 145 167 195 224 259 289 368
% % % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. C1 % CI Lost
IV (1) S.40 2.OOO 1960 1916 1873
IV (2) 4.10 2.037 1976 1943 1877 1822 1807 1796 1755 1.7O6 1.693 1685 1645 1924
IV (3) 3.40 2.039 1973 1.942 1880 1816 1.784 1.764 1.751 1.728 1686 1.66S 1660 1854
IV (4) 2.70 2021 1809 1.767 1.701 1647 1.595 1.592 1.588 1550 1.522 1497 1.421 29.69
IV (5) 2.10 1973 O.S84 OS82. O.SS3 O.S38 0.523 O.S14 0.512 0.495 O.478 O.449 O.436 77.90
IV (6) 140 1986 0.461 O.367 0.329 O.289 0.270 O.245 0.229 O.211 O.198 1840 O.145 92.70
IV (7) O.70 2.02O 1.132 1.018 0.926
IV (8) O.OO 2.077 1844 1681 1519 1.397 1.308 1242 1.149 1.06O O.961 1.104 O.732 64.76

Bleach Stability: 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 33 67 95 125 140 167 195 224 260 289 368
% % % % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. C1 % CI Lost
IV (1) S.40 2.OOO 1982 1922 1894
IV (2) 4.10 2.037 1958 1.933 1.929 1907 1907 1863 1852 1851 1858 1848 1838 9.77
IV (3) 3.40 2.039 1948 1931 1919 1881 1850 1.782 1837 1.795 1.761 1.747 1704 16.43
IV (4) 2.70 2021 1705 1643 1567 1540 1.498 1.161 1.421 1.363 1346 1.327 1.298 35.77
IV (5) 2.10 1973 0.557 0.545 O.S26 OSO7 O.S.06 O.486 O.484 O.48O O.47O O.480 O495 74.91
IV (6) 140 1986 0.256 O2O8 (0.169 O.126 O.124 O. 118 O. 105 O.087 O.O76 O.O66 O.OS1 97.48
IV (7) O.70 2.02O O.696 O.485 O.346
IV (8) O.OO 2.077 O.937 O.S96 0.421 O.330 O.309 O.235 0.204 0.155 0.13S O.OS1 0.055 97.35

Bleach Stability: 50° C.

Days of Stability
O 34 67 96 125 145 170 196 224 260
% % % % % % % % % % % Improvement
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl AV. Cl % CI Lost

IV (1) S.40 2.OOO 1948 1.825 1.695

IV (2) 4.10 2.037 1930 1758 1.591 1468 1.387 1.307 1.260 1187 1.091 46.49
IV (3) 3.40 2.039 1868 1.750 1610 1.459 1.390 1.307 1.235 1.123 101S SO.22
IV (4) 2.70 2021 1476 1.220 1.081 O.989 O.911 O.859 O.832 O.789 O.729 63.93
IV (5) 2.10 1973 O.S21 O464 O415 0.375 O.370 O.342 O.345 O.345 O.330 83.27
IV (6) 140 1986 O.145 O.087 O.O47
IV (7) O.70 2.02O O.287 O.124 0.057
IV (8) O.OO 2.077 O.318 O.114 O.066 O.O34 O.O17 O.OO6 1OOOO

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Detergent Composition

V
0060. In this example, highly alkaline stabilized deter
gent compositions (“Composition V) with 3.5% chlorine
were studied. Following the table Summarizing the compo
sition of each detergent, stability data for each detergent is
shown at various storage temperatures: 25° C. and 40° C.

TABLE 20
Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition V with 3.5% Available Chlorine
Ingredients V (1) V (2) V (3) V (4) V (5) V (6) V (7) V (8)
Deionized Water 32.30 34.70 35.8O 37.10 38.20 39.40 40.60 418O
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), Good Rite 7058 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
15

TABLE 20-continued

Highly Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition V with 3.5% Available Chlorine

Ingredients V (1) V (2) V (3) V (4) V (5) V (6) V (7) V (8)
2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid (50%), 1.2O 120 1.2O 1.20 1.20 1.2O 120 1.2O
Bayhabit AM
NaOH (50%) 27.00 27.00 27.OO 27.OO 27.OO 27.OO 27.OO 27.00
Sulfamic Acid 9.SO 7.10 6.OO 4.70 3.60 240 120 O.OO
NaOCl (av. C. 12.00%) 29.2O 29.20 29.2O 29.20 29.2O 29.2O 29.2O 29.20
Mole Ratio: NHSOH/NaOCl 1.001.0 0.781.0 .0661.0 0.51.1.0 0.371.0 0.261.0 0.131.0 0.001.0
pH (Neat, 19.5° C.) 13.9 13.97 13.94 13.87 13.79 13.67 13.71 13.71
pH, use solution (0.5% viv, 22°C.) 12.17 12.19 12.16
Brookfield Viscosity, use solution (UL Adapter, 4.92 4.64 340
25° C., 30 rpm), cps

0061
TABLE 21

Bleach Stability Data at Different Temperature Conditions-Highly-Alkaline Stabilized Bleaching Composition V with 3.5% Available
Chlorine

Bleach Stability: 25° C.

Days of Stability
O 28 42 S4 72 96 125 166 192 219 299 Improve
% % % % % % % % % % % % ment
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
V (1) 9.SO 3.472 3.237
V (2) 7.10 3.486 3.296 3.263 3.226 3.142 3.13S 3.077 3.067 3.01.1 2.991 2.905 16.67
V (3) 6.OO 3.458 3.293 3.257 3.245 3.204 3.184 3.149 3.071 3.080 3.066 3.031 12.35
V (4) 4.70 3.452 3.227 3.216 3.144 3.008 3.162 3.13S 3.024 3.07.0 3.052 3.007 1289
V (5) 3.60 3.354 1542 1.514 1491 1.491 1462 1447 1417 1.414 1400 1.376 58.97
V (6) 2.40 3.3SO 0.786 0.638 0.525 O.425 0.36S O.291 O.2O7 O.161 O. 116 0.074 97.79
V (7) 120 3.375 1670
V (8) O.OO 3.430 2.888 2.710 2.57S 2.383 2.145 1.933 1.748 1.543 1463 1.222 64.37

Bleach Stability: Ambient 40° C.

Days of Stability
O 28 42 S4 72 96 125 166 192 218 299 Improve
% % % % % % % % % % % % ment
Sample NHSOH Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl Av. Cl % CI Lost
V (1) 9.SO 3.472 3.008
V (2) 7.10 3.486 3.158 3.05S 3.042 2.997 3.031 3.024 2.97O 2.959 2.949 2.861 17.93
V (3) 6.OO 3.458 3.198. 3.137 3.086 3.073 3.054 3.0O8 2.916 2.928 2.916 2.933 15.18
V (4) 4.70 3.452 3.2OS 3.13S 3.063 3.043 3.019 2.9SO 2.895 2.824 2.783 2.826 18:13
V (5) 3.60 3.354 1.456 1.39S 1.38 1.36S 1.348 1.332 1.3OS 1.276 1.301 1.286 61.66
V (6) 2.40 3.3SO 0.179 0.103 0.044 O.O21 O.O23 O.O14 O.OO4 O.OO7 O.O22 O.O1O 99.70
V (7) 120 3.375 0.789
V (8) O.OO 3.43O 1.265 0.997 0.789 0.676 O.S.08 O.337 O.184 O. 118 OO60 O.OOO 100.00

0062. In each of the trials, it was observed that the Stoichiometric amount, the composition almost always per
addition of sulfamic acid to the composition above the formed more poorly than the control with no sulfamic acid.
optimum Stoichiometric amount did not significantly impact The results of the stability trials is summarized in Table 22.
the stability of the composition. Surprisingly, it was The compositions listed in Table 22 are those containing the
observed that when sulfamic acid was used below the Stoichiometric amount of Sulfamic acid.
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
16

TABLE 22
Stabilized Chloroalkaline Detergent Compositions-Summary
Chloro Alkaline Detergent Available Duration Improvement
Compositions Cl% Alkalinity Days Temperature C. Cl Loss (Control) % % CI Lost
Detergent Composition 4.00 Standar 368 25 24 (75) 51
40 17 (Depleted in 200 days) 100
50 73 (Depleted in 60 days) 100
Detergent Composition 3.00 Standar 309 25 5 (72) 57
40 15 (Depleted in 220 days) 100
Detergent Composition 3.00 Adjuste 299 25 22 (72) 50
40 28 (Depleted in 200 days) 100
Detergent Composition 3.50 Adjuste 2O6 25 8 (69) 61
40 22 (99) 77
Detergent Composition II 4.00 Standar 368 25 9 (57) 38
40 9 (99) 8O
50 50 (Depleted in 140 days) 100
Detergent Composition II 3.00 Standar 297 25 4 (50) 36
40 5 (93) 78
Detergent Composition II 3.00 Adjuste 299 25 4 (50) 36
40 3 (92) 79
Detergent Composition III 3.00 Adjuste 138 25 5 (50) 35
40 24 (91) 67
Detergent Composition IV 2.00 Standar 368 25 30 (65) 35
40 36 (97) 61
50 64 (Depleted in 180 days) 100
Detergent Composition V 3.50 Standar 299 25 3 (64) 51
40 18 (Depleted in 250 days) 100

Stability of Chlorine Bleach in Various Surfactants 0064. In this trial, several surfactants such as amine
oxides, phenyl ether disulfonates and alkyl polyglucosides,
0063 Organic substances such as surfactants, fragrances all commonly used in cleaning formulations, have been
and colorants are very susceptible to oxidation by oxidants incorporated into detergent compositions 1 and 11 as shown
in Tables 23 and 25. Sodium hypochlorite loss was very
like bleach, especially chlorine bleach. These organic sub significant in the non-stabilized control compositions (i.e.,
stances have oxidizable organic chromophores or functional those compositions comprising no Sulfamic acid). The
groups that are very prone to oxidation by chlorine bleach. bleach stability of composition 1 and 11 was monitored and
the stability data shown for up to 48 and 49 days, respec
Thus, it is very difficult to formulate chlorine bleach com tively, at 25° C. and 40°C. The results of the stability tests
positions including these types of organic compounds. are shown in Tables 24 and 26.

TABLE 23

Stabilized Liquid Detergent I Composition with Various Surfactants with 3.2% Available Chlorine
Ingredients I (34) I (35) I (36) I (37) I (38) I (39) I (40) I (41)
Deionized Water 29.00 24.80 29.00 24.80 29.OO 24.80 29.OO 24.80
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%) O.80 O.8O O.80 O.8O O.80 O.80 O.8O O.80
2-Phosphonobutane 1,2,4-Tricarboxylic acid (50%) 1.20 1.2O 120 1.2O 1.20 1.20 1.2O 120
NaOH 50% 36.80 36.80 36.80 36.80 36.80 36.80 36.80 36.8O
Sulfamic Acid O.OO 4.20 O.OO 4.20 O.OO 4.2O O.OO 4.2O
NaOCl (Av. CI 10.6%) 30.20 30.20 30.2O 3020 30.2O 3020 30.20 30.2O
Surfactants Incorporated
Dedecyldimethylamine Oxide (30%), Ammonyx DO 2.00 2.OO
Octyldimethylamine Oxide (41%), Mackamine C8 2.00 2.OO
Decyl polyglucoside (50%), Plantaren 2000N 2.OO 2.00
C10-Alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonates (45%), Dowfax 3B2 2.OO 2.00

1OO 100 1OO 100 1OO 1OO 100 1OO

Phase Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
pH (Neat) 13.4 14.08 13.94 14.33 13.81 13.82 14.37 13.81
To C. 20.8 2008. 20.8O 20.8 20.6 20.9 20.9 21.1
Viscosity (25° C., 30 rpm) cps 11.3 12.3 6.14 7.07 9.92 10.3 6.02 6.86
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

0065
TABLE 24
Stabilized Liquid Detergent I Composition with Various Surfactants - Bleach Stability Data
% % % % %
Sample NHSO2H Storage Time % Time Av. Phase Time AV. Time AV. Time AV. % CI Improve
D (%) Temp (Days) Av. Cl (Days) Cl Stability (Days) Cl (Days) Cl (Days) Cl Lost ment
(34) Control 25 C. O 3.106 5 2.845 OK 2 2.462 38 2.149 48 2.01S 35.13
(35) 4.2 25o C. O 3.075 5 2.981 OK 2 2.901 38 2.861 48 2.858 7.06 28
(36) Control 25 C. O 3.075 5 2.791 OK 2 2.331 38 2.027 48 1.897 38.31
(37) 4.2 25o C. O 3.021 5 2.893 OK 2 2.689 38 2.611 48 2569 14.96 23
(38) Control 25 C. O 3.129 5 1.357 Separated 2 O.429 38 O.136 48 O.O38 98.79
(39) 4.2 25o C. O 3.049 5 1.863 Separated 2 1.399 38 1.214 48 1166 61.76 38
(40) Control 25 C. O 3.131 5 2.922 OK 2 2.383 38 2010 48 1851 40.88
(41) 4.2 25o C. O 3.124 5 3.054 OK 2 2.958 38 3.002 48 2.959 S.28 36
(34) Control 40° C. O 3.106 6 2.058 OK 2 1.055 38 O.690 48 0.537 82.71
(35) 4.2 40° C. O 3.075 6 2.899 OK 2 2.803 38 2.093 48 2.670 13.17 60
(36) Control 40° C. O 3.075 6 1935 OK 2 1.OOO 38 O.648 48 O4SO 85.37
(37) 4.2 40° C. O 3.021 6 2.649 OK 2 2.460 38 2.421 48 2.364. 21.75 63
(38) Control 40° C. O 3.129 6 0.112 Separated 2 O.OO8 38 O.OOS 48 O 1OO.O
(39) 4.2 40° C. O 3.049 6 1.510 Separated 2 O.976 38 O.844 48 O.83O 72.78 27
(40) Control 40° C. O 3.131 6 2014 OK 2 O.960 38 O.S89 48 O.368 88.25
(41) 4.2 25o C. O 3.124 6 3.008 OK 2 2.946 38 2.969 48 2.695 7.33 81

0066)
TABLE 25
Stabilized Liquid Detergent II Composition with Various Surfactants with 3.0% Available Chlorine
ngredients I (25) I (26) I (27) I (28) I (29) I (30) I (31) I (32)
Deionized Water 40.24 36.14 40.24 3614 40.24 3614 40.24 36.14
Sodium Glucoheptonate O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6 O.O6
Sodium Tripolyphosphate LD S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO
KOH 45% 24.40 24.40 24.4O 244O 2440 24.40 24.40 24.40
Sulfamic Acid O.OO 4.10 O.OO 4.10 O.OO 4.10 O.OO 4.10
NaOCl (Av. CI 10.6%) 28.30 28.30 28.30 28.30 28.30 28.30 28.30 28.30
Surfactants Incorporated
Dedecyldimethylamine Oxide (30%), Ammonyx DO 2.00 2.OO
Octyldimethylamine Oxide (41%), Mackamine C8 2.00 2.OO
Decyl polyglucoside (50%), Plantaren 2000N 2.OO 2.00
C10-Alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonates (45%), Dowfax 3B2 2.OO 2.00
1OO 100 1OO 100 100 1OO 100 1OO

pH (Neat) 14.1 14.12 14.14 14.13 14.162 14.14 14.13 14.17

To C. 22.9 23.4 23.1 23 22 22.1 22.5 23
Phase Cloudy Cloudy
Viscosity (25° C., 30 rpm) cps 2.38 2.54 2.42 2.62 3.16 3.62 240 2.50

0067
TABLE 26
Stabilized Liquid Detergent II Composition with Various Surfactants - Bleach Stability Data
% % % %
Sample NHSO2H Storage Time % Time AV. Time AV. Time AV. Time % % CI Improve
ID (%) Temp (Days) Av. Cl (Days) Cl Stability (Days) Cl (Days) Cl (Days) Av. Cl Lost ment
I (25) Control 25 C. O 3.019 6 2.828 OK 22 2.659 32 2.551 49 2.451 1881
I (26) 4.1 25o C. O 2.934 6 2.790 OK 22 2.685 32 2.615 49 2.612 10.97 8
I (27) Control 25 C. O 3.021 6 2.736 OK 22 2.567 32 2.415 49 2.314 23.40
I (28) 4.1 25o C. O 2.939 6 2.722 OK 22 2.586 32 2.538 49 2.51S 14.43 9
I (29) Control 25 C. O 3.017 6 1.772 Separated 22 O.824 32 0.597 49 O.347 88.SO
I (30) 4.1 25o C. O 2.904 6 2.498 OK 22 2.062 32 1964 49 1.889 34.95 S4
I (31) Control 25 C. O 3.019 6 2.812 OK 22 2.612 32 2.496 49 2.348 22.23
I (32) 4.1 25o C. O 2.899 6 2.807 OK 22 2.776 32 2.786 49 2.730 S.83 16
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006

TABLE 26-continued
Stabilized Liquid Detergent II Composition with Various Surfactants - Bleach Stability Data
% % %
Sample NHSO2H Storage Time % Time AV. Time AV. Time AV. Time % % CI Improve
ID (%) Temp (Days) Av. Cl (Days) Cl Stability (Days) Cl (Days) Cl (Days) Av. Cl Lost ment
I (25) Control 40° C. O 3.019 6 2.367 OK 14 2.057 32 1.513 49 1.231 S922
I (26) 4.1 40° C. O 2.934 6 2.SS1 OK 14 2.415 32 2.211 49 2.OSO 30.13 29
I (27) Control 40° C. O 3.021 6 2.317 OK 14 1964 32 1462 49 1134 62.46
I (28) 4.1 40° C. O 2.939 6 2.509 OK 14 2.345 32 2.119 49 1948 33.72 29
I (29) Control 40° C. O 3.017 6 0.213 Cloudy 14 O.O32 32 O.OO9 49 O.O22 99.27
I (30) 4.1 40° C. O 2.904 6 1928 Cloudy 14 1736 32 1...SO1 49 1.369 S2.86 46
I (31) Control 40° C. O 3.019 6 2.301 OK 14 1927 32 1.382 49 1.049 65.25
I (32) 4.1 25o C. O 2.899 6 2.709 OK 14 2.626 32 2.552 49 2.447 15.59 49

0068. As shown in the preceding tables, a bleach stability alkalinity and varied available chlorine were made as shown
improvement of up to 38% for composition 1 and 54% for in Table 27. The compositions were then stored in large and
composition II at 25° C. was achieved. At 40° C., the
improvement over the control was even greater: up to 81% Small containers (250 gal. and 15 gal) under both Sunny and
for composition 1 and 49% for composition II. Similar shady conditions. The bleach stability of the composition is
bleach stability improvement is also expected when fra
grances as well as colorants and dyes are incorporated in shown in Table 28. There is a very significant improvement
bleach stabilizing formulations according to the present in bleach stability of the stabilized product over the control
invention.
when stored in a large container and kept in the Sun. In 3
Chlorine Bleach Stabilization Manufacturing Pilot months of storing at about 77 F. in the sun and in a
Run
0069. Several pilot batches of sulfamic acid stabilized 250-gallon container, a chlorine stability of 100% improve
bleaching compositions of Liquid Detergent I with adjusted ment was achieved.

TABLE 27
Chlorine Bleach Stabilization Technology - Production Pilot Run
Detergent I Detergent I Detergent I Detergent I Detergent I Detergent I Detergent I
Standard Stabilized Stabilized. Adj. Stabilized Stabilized. Adj. Stabilized Stabilized Adj.
4.15% Aw. 4.15% Aw. Alkali 3.75% Ay. Alkali 3.50% Av. Alkali
Ingredients C C 4.15% AV. Cl C 3.75% Ay. Cl C 3.50% AV. Cl
Soft Water 33.45 26.30 21.85 28.57 24.SS 30.95 27.20
2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4- 1.2O 1.20 1.2O 1.2O 1.20 120 120
Tricarboxylic Acid (50%)
Caustic Soda (50%) 33.30 33.30 37.75 33.30 37.32 33.30 37.05
Sodium Polyacrylate (50%), O.8O O.80 O.8O O.8O O.80 O.80 O.80
Good Rite 7058
Sodium Hypochlorite (12%) 31.25 33.00 33.00 31.25 31.25 29.20 29.20
Sulfamic Acid O.OO S.40 S.40 4.88 4.88 4.SS 4.SS

0070)
TABLE 28

Chlorine Bleach Stabilization Technology - Production Pilot Run; Bleach Stability in Sun
and Shade Temperature in Different Container
Storage Sun 250 Gallon Shade? 250 Gallon Sun 15 Gallon Shade 15 Gallon
Conditions Container Container Container Container

Time (Days) Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost
Liquid Detergent I - Control (Plant Trial) with 4.15% Cl
O 4.15 O.OO 4.15 O.OO 4.15 O.OO 4.15 O.OO
4 3.88 6.51 4.14 O.24 4.12 0.72 4.14 O.24
10 3.67 11.57 4.01 3.37 4.03 2.89 4.15 O.OO
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
19

TABLE 28-continued
Chlorine Bleach Stabilization Technology - Production Pilot Run; Bleach Stability in Sun
and Shade Temperature in Different Container
Storage Sun 250 Gallon Shade? 250 Gallon Sun 15 Gallon Shade 15 Gallon
Conditions Container Container Container Container

Time (Days) Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost Av. Cl (%), 9% CI Lost
17 2.85 31.33 3.93 5.30 3.9 6.02 4.07 1.93
23 2.17 47.71 3.89 6.27 3.7 10.84 4.04 2.65
31 1.45 65.06 3.76 9.40 3.52 15.18 3.87 6.75
38 O.99 74.48 3.63 12.32 3.41 17.23 3.80 8.21
52 O.31 92.53 3.61 13.01 3.18 23.37 3.57 13.98
66 O.12 97.11 3.49 15.90 2.85 31.33 3.58 13.73
8O O.O7 98.31 3.21 22.65 2.26 45.54 3.28 20.96
93 O.O7 98.31 3.05 26.51 2.15 48.19 3.17 23.61
107 O.O6 98.55 2.93 29.40 1.79 56.87 2.94 29.16
149 O.O8 98.07 2.23 46.27 120 71.08 2.35 43.37
18O O.O7 98.31 2.00 51.81 1.00 75.90 2.05 SO.60
208 O.O8 98.07 1.77 57.35 0.77 81.45 1.76 57.59
Liquid Detergent I - Stabilized (Plant Trial) with 3.2% Cl
O 3.36 O.OO 3.36 O.OO 3.36 O.OO 3.36 O.OO
3 3.09 8.04 3.03 9.82 3.03 9.82 3.03 9.82
8 2.94 12.SO 2.91 13.39 2.92 13.10 2.94 12.SO
14 2.85 15.18 2.87 14.58 2.82 16.07 2.91 13.39
21 2.76 17.86 2.8 16.67 2.72 19. OS 2.84 15.48
28 2.78 17.26 2.74 1845 2.74 1845 2.78 17.26
36 2.77 17.56 2.76 17.86 2.68 20.24 2.78 17.26
50 2.79 16.96 2.73 18.75 2.67 20.54 2.74 1845
64 2.71 19.35 2.75 18.15 2.65 21.13 2.70 1964
78 2.76 17.86 2.74 1845 2.68 20.24 2.72 19. OS
91 2.68 20.24 2.74 1845 2.63 21.73 2.70 1964
105 2.62 22.O2 2.75 18.15 2.60 22.62 2.74 1845
149 2.64 21.43 2.76 17.86 2.62 22.02 2.70 1964
18O 2.60 22.62 2.76 17.86 2.50 25.60 2.70 1964
208 2.58 23.21 2.78 17.26 2.38 29.17 2.68 20.24

We claim: 6. The composition of claim 1, the molar ratio of bleach

1. A liquid, shelf-stable, aqueous alkaline cleaning com stabilizer to chlorine bleach being at least about one mole of
position with chlorine bleach comprising: chlorine per mole of active hydrogen attached to the at least
a chlorine bleach capable of forming a hypochlorite in one nitrogen atom of said bleach stabilizer.
water; 7. The composition of claim 1, said bleach stabilizer being
selected from the group consisting of Sulfamic acids and the
a bleach stabilizer selected from the group consisting of corresponding metal salts thereof, alkyl Sulfamates,
compounds having at least one NH- or NH - moiety cycloalkyl Sulfamates, aryl Sulfamates, alkyl Sulfonamides,
capable of reacting with said hypochlorite to form aryl Sulfonamides, Sulfamide, carbamate, methyl carbamate,
NC1 NHCl or NC1 compounds; and methane Sulfonamide, benzene Sulfonamide, p-toluene Sul
from about 5-50% by weight of a metal hydroxide: fonamide, benzamide, phenyl Sulfinimide, diphenyl Sulfona
mide, phenylsulfinimidylamide, diphenyl Sulfonamide, dim
said composition having a pH of at least about 11.5. ethyl Sulfinimidylamine, Succinimide, acetamide,
2. The composition of claim 1, said chlorine bleach phthalimide, acetanilide, formamide, N-methylformamide,
selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hypochlo dicyanadiamide, N-ethylacetamide and 4-carboxybenzene
rites, alkaline earth metal hypochlorites, chlorine gas, Sulfonamide, melamine, cyanamide, dicyanamide, ethyl car
hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, N-chloro melamines, bamate, urea, thiourea, N-methylurea, N-methylolurea,
1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, N-chlorosuccinimide, acetylurea, isocyanuric acid, barbituric acid, 6-methyl
N.chloro-N-sodiobenzene sulfonamide, N-chloro hydanto uracil, glycoluril, caprolactum, dimethylhydantoin, imida
ins, N-chlorinated isocyanurates, N-chlorinated cyanuric Zoline, pyrrolidone, pyrole, indole, orthophosphoryl tria
acids, and combinations thereof.
3. The composition of claim 2, said chlorine bleach being mide, phosphoryl triamide boric acid amide, and combina
tions thereof.
Sodium hypochlorite.
4. The composition of claim 1, said composition com 8. The composition of claim 7, said bleach stabilizer being
prising a Sufficient quantity of chlorine bleach to provide sulfamic acid or an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt thereof.
from about 0.1-10% by weight of available chlorine. 9. The composition of claim 1, said metal hydroxide being
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein said composition an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
loses less than about 60% of said available chlorine after 10. The composition of claim 1, said composition having
storage of said composition for 8 months at 25°C. a pH of at least about 12.
US 2006/0089285 A1 Apr. 27, 2006
20

11. The composition of claim 10, said composition having hypochlorites, alkaline earth metal hypochlorites, chlorine
a pH of between about 12.5-14. gas, hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, N-chloro
12. The composition of claim 1, said composition having melamines, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, N-chloro
a viscosity of less than about 2000 cps. Succinimide, N.chloro-N-sodiobenzene Sulfonamide,
13. The composition of claim 12, said composition having N-chloro hydantoins, N-chlorinated isocyanurates, N-chlo
a viscosity of less than about 1000 cps. rinated cyanuric acids, and combinations thereof.
14. The composition of claim 1, said composition com 26. The composition of claim 20, said composition com
prising up to about 20% by weight of an inorganic or organic prising up to about 20% by weight of an inorganic or organic
sequestrant. sequestrant.
15. The composition of claim 14, said sequestrant being 27. The composition of claim 20, said composition com
a non-cross-linked polyacrylate having a molecular weight prising up to about 25% by weight of an inorganic or organic
of about 1,000-100,000. builder salt.
16. The composition of claim 1, said composition com 28. The composition of claim 20, said composition com
prising up to about 25% by weight of an inorganic or organic prising up to about 6% by weight of a Surface active agent.
builder salt. 29. The composition of claim 20, wherein said composi
17. The composition of claim 16, said builder salt being tion loses less than about 60% of said available chlorine after
selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phos storage of said composition for 8 months at 25°C.
phates, alkali metal phosphonates, alkali metal pyrophos 30. A method of cleaning a Soiled Surface comprising the
phates, alkali metal tripolyphosphates, alkali metal meta steps of
phosphates, alkali metal borates, alkali metal carbonates, (a) providing a composition according to claim 1; and
alkali metal bicarbonates, crystalline and amorphous water
insoluble aluminosilicates, alkali metal salts of polycarboxy (b) applying said composition to said Surface.
lic acids, alkali metal salts of nitriloacetic acids, and com 31. The method of claim 30, said method further com
binations thereof. prising:
18. The composition of claim 1, said composition com (c) forming a use solution by adding from about 1-500
prising up to about 6% by weight of a Surface active agent. parts by weight water to said composition prior to
19. The composition of claim 18, said surface active agent application to said Surface.
being selected from the group consisting of anionic, non 32. The method of claim 31, Step (c) comprising forming
ionic, cationic and amphoteric Surfactants, and mixtures a use solution formed by adding to said composition from
thereof.
20. A liquid, shelf-stable, aqueous alkaline cleaning com about 25-100 parts by weight water.
position with chlorine bleach comprising: 33. The method of claim 31, the water in step (c) having
a temperature between about 40-90° C.
a quantity of chlorine bleach capable providing from 34. The method of claim 30, said surface being soiled with
about 0.1-10% by weight of available chlorine; milk or a food product.
a bleach stabilizer selected from the group consisting of 35. The method of claim 30, said surface comprising a
Sulfamic acid or an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt Surface of a food processing system or a surface of a
clean-in-place system.
thereof, the molar ratio of bleach stabilizer to chlorine 36. A liquid alkaline cleaning composition with chlorine
bleach being at least about one mole of active hydrogen beach use solution comprising:
attached to the at least one nitrogen atom of said bleach
stabilizer per mole of chlorine; and about one part by weight of the composition of claim 1:
and
from about 5-50% by weight of an alkali or alkaline earth
metal hydroxide, said composition having a pH of at from about 1-500 parts by weight water,
least about 11.5.
21. The composition of claim 20, said composition having said use solution having a pH of at least about 11.5.
a pH of at least about 12. 37. A liquid alkaline cleaning composition with chlorine
22. The composition of claim 21, said composition having beach use solution comprising:
a pH of between about 12.5-14. about one part by weight of the composition of claim 20:
23. The composition of claim 20, said composition having and
a viscosity of less than about 2000 cps. from about 1-500 parts by weight water,
24. The composition of claim 23, said composition having
a viscosity of less than about 1000 cps. said use solution having a pH of at least about 11.5.
25. The composition of claim 20, said chlorine bleach
being selected from the group consisting of alkali metal k k k k k