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Current Mirrors II - Source Degeneration: in This Lecture

This document summarizes key points from a lecture on current mirrors with source degeneration: 1. To improve the current mirror's stability, extra resistors can be added in the source paths, called source degeneration. This makes the output current IOUT less dependent on output voltage VOUT. 2. Small-signal analysis shows that with source degeneration, the effective output resistance of the current mirror is much higher than rO alone, typically a thousand times larger. 3. By adding source degeneration resistors RS, the output voltage VOUT becomes a function of IOUT and the source voltage VS2, making IOUT far less dependent on changes in VOUT.

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Hassan Farssi
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642 views2 pages

Current Mirrors II - Source Degeneration: in This Lecture

This document summarizes key points from a lecture on current mirrors with source degeneration: 1. To improve the current mirror's stability, extra resistors can be added in the source paths, called source degeneration. This makes the output current IOUT less dependent on output voltage VOUT. 2. Small-signal analysis shows that with source degeneration, the effective output resistance of the current mirror is much higher than rO alone, typically a thousand times larger. 3. By adding source degeneration resistors RS, the output voltage VOUT becomes a function of IOUT and the source voltage VS2, making IOUT far less dependent on changes in VOUT.

Uploaded by

Hassan Farssi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 14

Current mirrors II –source degeneration


In this lecture:
13.1. Source degeneration
13.2. Small-signal analysis

14.1. Source-degeneration We will find that the matched


Recall from the previous lecture that a current mirror’s current is not resistors RS make IOUT far
completely proof against changes in the voltage across it: more independent of VOUT,
giving a better current mirror.
∆Vout
∆I out =
rO

To improve the current mirror’s stability, we could add some extra resistors in
the source paths. This is called source degeneration, and the resulting
circuit looks like this:

EE301 GB12 Page 1 EE301 GB12 Page 2

14.2. Small-signal analysis


The small-signal equivalent circuit looks like

Use Kirchoff’s current law:

iOUT = i rO + i source
v ds 2
The drain-source voltage VDS1 is clamped constant, so the small-signal = + g m v gs 2
vds1=0. rO
v out − v S 2
This simplifies the small-signal equivalent circuit down to… = + g m v gs 2
rO

But v S 2 = −v gs 2 , so
EE301 GB12 Page 3 EE301 GB12 Page 4
v out − v S 2 We can simplify this further: assume R S << g m R S rO , so
iOUT = − g m vS 2
rO
v out ∆Vout
v ⎛ 1 ⎞ = ≈ (1 + g m R S )rO
= out − ⎜⎜ + g m ⎟⎟v S 2 iOUT ∆I OUT
rO ⎝ rO ⎠
So the effective output resistance of the source-degenerated current mirror
So is now much higher than rO for Q2 – typically a thousand times larger!
v out = rO iOUT + (1 + g m rO )v S 2 Of course, for better matching and easier fabrication, we could replace RS on
each side by an active load.
But iout flows through RS, so

v S 2 = iOUT R S

Using this gives

v out = rO iOUT + (1 + g m rO )R S iOUT

and
Next lecture: resistors are replaced with active loads in a cascode current
v out
= rO + (1 + g m rO )R S
mirror
iOUT
END OF LECTURE
= R S + (1 + g m R S )rO
EE301 GB12 Page 5 EE301 GB12 Page 6

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