2.

2 DOUBLE INTEGRALS

2.2.1 Double Integral in Cartesian Coordinates

Area of Plane Region (Type I and Type II)

1. If R is defined by a ≤ x ≤ b and g1(x) ≤

y ≤ g2(x), where g1 and g2 are continuous

on [a,b], then the area of R is given by:

𝑏
𝑦=𝑔2 (𝑥)
𝐴=∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑦=𝑔1 (𝑥)
𝑎
(TYPE I)

2. If R is defined by c ≤ y ≤ d and h1(x) ≤

x ≤ h2(x), where h1 and h2 are continuous

on [c,d], then the area of R is given by:

𝑑
𝑥=ℎ2 (𝑦)
𝐴=∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑥=ℎ1 (𝑦)
𝑐
(TYPE II)
Example 1: Use an iterated integral to find the area of the region bounded.

a)

3 2
𝑥=2 𝑦=3
𝐴 = ∫ ∫𝑥=1 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 (T2) OR 𝐴 = ∫ ∫𝑦=1 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 (T1)
1 1
4 2
2 3
= ∫ [𝑥] 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [𝑦] 𝑑𝑥
0 1 1 1
4 2
= ∫0 (2 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 2 = ∫1 (3 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2

b)

𝐴=
4 2
𝑥=√4−𝑦 𝑦=4−𝑥 2
∫ ∫𝑥=0 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 (T2) OR 𝐴 = ∫ ∫𝑦=0 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 (T1)
0 0
4
2
√4 − 𝑦 4 − 𝑥2
= ∫ [𝑥] 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [𝑦] 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0
0
4 2
= ∫ √4 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 4 − 𝑥 2 − 0 𝑑𝑥
0

2
16 𝑥3 16
= = [4𝑥 − ] =
3 3 3
0
(Hint: use u-substitution)
c)

2 4
𝑥=4 𝑦=√𝑥
𝐴=∫ ∫𝑥=𝑦2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 (T2) OR 𝐴 = ∫ ∫𝑦=0 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 (T1)
0 0
2 4
4 √𝑥
= ∫ [𝑥] 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [𝑦] 𝑑𝑥
2
0
𝑦 0 0
2 4
= ∫0 (4 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (√𝑥 − 0) 𝑑𝑥
0

2 3 4
𝑦3 16 2𝑥 ⁄2
= [4𝑦 − ] = =[ ]
3 3 3
0 0
16 16
= =
3 3

d) TYPE I:

5𝜋
4 𝑦=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐴 = ∫ ∫𝑦=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (T1)
𝜋
4
 5𝜋
4 sin 𝑥
=∫ ( [𝑦] ) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 cos 𝑥
4
5𝜋
4
=∫ 𝜋 ( sin x − cos 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
4

5𝜋
4
= [− cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ]
𝜋
4
5𝜋 𝜋
= − cos − sin
4 4

= 2√2

TYPE II:

𝑦 = sin 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦
𝑦 = cos 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦

0
𝑥=𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦
1
𝑥=𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦
𝐴=∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫𝑥=𝑠𝑖𝑛−1𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (T2)
0
𝑥=𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦
−1
Example 2: Use an iterated integral to find the area of the region bounded

by the graphs of the equations.

y = 𝑥2 ; y=1 Sketch the graph first!

1
𝑦=1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ ∫𝑦=𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
−1
1
1
=∫ ( [𝑦] ) 𝑑𝑥
2
−1 𝑥
1
= ∫−1 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑥3
= [𝑥 − ]
3
−1
1 (−1)3 4
= (1 − ) − (−1 − )=3
3 3

Example 3: Sketch the region of integration and switch the order of

integration.
4 𝑦
a) ∫ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0

0≤y≤4 → sketch 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4

0≤x≤y → sketch 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑦
 Switching the order of integration

becomes:
4
𝑦=4
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑦=𝑥
0

2
√4−𝑥 2
b) ∫ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
−2

−2 ≤ x ≤ 2 → sketch 𝑥 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2
0 ≤ y ≤ √4 − 𝑥 2 → sketch 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2
𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2
𝑦2 = 4 − 𝑥2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4…. Circle radius 2, center (0,0)

Switching the order of integration becomes

2
𝑥=√4−𝑦 2
∫ ∫𝑥=−√4−𝑦2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0
 10
ln 𝑦
c) ∫ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1

1 ≤ y ≤ 10 → sketch 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 10
0 ≤ x ≤ ln 𝑦 → sketch 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = ln 𝑦
x = ln 𝑦 → 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥

Switching the order of integration

becomes
ln 10
y= 10
∫ ∫𝑦=𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0

EX. 14.1: NO. 41-64