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Mitigating Harmonics From Solar Power Plant BY Filters Using Etap

This document discusses the mitigation of harmonics from a solar power plant connected to the grid. Simulation results show that without mitigation, both the voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) levels at the point of common coupling exceed limits from IEEE 519-2014. A single-tuned passive filter is designed and installed to filter the dominant 5th harmonic. Simulation results with the filter show the voltage THD is reduced to 0.92% and current THD to 6.47%, bringing them within standards. The filter parameters of 3423 kVar capacitance and 11.77 ohms reactance are presented.

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Prabakar P
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247 views11 pages

Mitigating Harmonics From Solar Power Plant BY Filters Using Etap

This document discusses the mitigation of harmonics from a solar power plant connected to the grid. Simulation results show that without mitigation, both the voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) levels at the point of common coupling exceed limits from IEEE 519-2014. A single-tuned passive filter is designed and installed to filter the dominant 5th harmonic. Simulation results with the filter show the voltage THD is reduced to 0.92% and current THD to 6.47%, bringing them within standards. The filter parameters of 3423 kVar capacitance and 11.77 ohms reactance are presented.

Uploaded by

Prabakar P
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MITIGATING HARMONICS FROM SOLAR POWER

PLANT BY FILTERS USING ETAP

This article presents the harmonic analysis of voltage and current signals at PCC of a
grid connected Solar PV power plant. It also includes the mitigation of harmonics at PCC
within the desired limits as recommended by the standard IEEE519-2014.
In recent years, distribution network-connected single-phase and three-phase solar
inverter has many positive impacts like increased network sustainability, reduction in loss,
and enhanced voltage profile. The use of power electronic devices in photovoltaic systems
leads to the injection of harmonic and inter-harmonic components into the distribution
networks and, consequently, deviation of the network frequency around the main frequency.
In regard to sensitivity of the distribution network charges, among the power quality
parameters, the harmonic and inter-harmonic generation and propagation is particularly
important compared to the other parameters. The propagation of harmonic and inter-
harmonics cause’s losses in transformers, electrical machines, failure of capacitor banks,
relays and switches dysfunction, impaired communication and control systems, errors in
measuring devices, and the insulation failure of equipment. The size and rate of generation
harmonics depends on the type of technology and configuration of static converters.
The permitted harmonic range of current and voltage as per standard IEEE 519-
2014 is given below.

TABLE-1 VOLTAGE DISTORTION LIMITS


TABLE- 2 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS

A solar plant comprising of 10 No’s of 3 MW inverter at 0.69 kV is connected to a grid of 110


kV. The inverters are built inside the PV array itself.

SIMULATION 1 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM


Owing to the presence of inverters, the voltage THD at the point of common coupling is
3.12% and current THD is 35.58 %.( Refer simulation 2)

SIMULATION 2 SHOWING THD OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

VOLTAGE THD (%THDV):


As per IEEE 519 the allowable voltage THD at the 110 kV bus is 2.5%. The % THDv
at the PCC is 3.12%.So the voltage THD at PCC (110 kV bus) is exceeding the limit.

Regarding the individual harmonic distortion,

Fifth harmonic distortion = = =2.409>1.5

(Refer SIMULATION 3 for fifth harmonic voltage and SIMULATION 5 for fundamental
voltage)
Thus fifth harmonic voltage distortion is exceeding the limit which clearly depicts the
remaining individual voltage harmonic distortion will exceed the limit.

CURRENT THD (%THDi):


To check the limit of current THD ISC/IL is needed.
ISC =Short circuit current of the grid =10 kA
IL =Load current of the 25 MVA transformer =131.2 A
ISC/IL=10000/131.2=76.21
The ratio lies between 50 and 100. So the third row of the Table 2 has to be
considered. If maximum short circuit of the grid is say 40kA, ISC/IL =40000/131.2=304.2, for
which the fourth row of the Table 2 has to be considered.

The harmonic order of components that exist for a particular system is given by the
formula,

h=np±1
Where, n=no. of converters used
p=no. of pulse of the converter used

Here a six pulse inverter is used.


h= 1(6) ±1=5, 7,9,11...

For the minimum short circuit current (10 kA), considering the third row of Table 2,
3rd to 9th harmonic currents are taken to check with their individual limits.
Third harmonic current =Nil
Fifth harmonic current =48.4A (refer Simulation 3)
Seventh harmonic current=16.5A (refer Simulation 4)
Ninth harmonic current=Nil
Fundamental current=147.3A (refer Simulation 5)

Thus the fifth and seventh order harmonic currents are dominant in a six pulse inverter fed
system which can be clearly seen from the values given above.(Refer Simulation 3 and 4)
SIMULATION 3 SHOWING FIFTH HARMONIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

SIMULATION 4 SHOWING SEVENTH HARMONIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT


SIMULATION 5 SHOWING FUNDAMENTAL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

THD= *100

TDD= *100

HD= *100

Fifth harmonic distortion = =32.85>10(refer third row of Table 2)

Seventh harmonic distortion = =11.2>10(refer third row of Table 2)

It is clear the individual current harmonic distortions are exceeding the limit.
Thus both the voltage and current harmonic distortions are violating the limits mentioned in
IEEE519 2014 which necessitate the need of a harmonic filter.
DESIGN OF SINGLE TUNED FILTER:

It is clear the fifth and seventh harmonic currents are dominant and if those are
reduced, the current THD and TDD can be reduced to a great extent. Thus a suitable
passive filter especially a single tuned filter is employed at 11 kV to filter the 5 th harmonic
current.

SIMULATION 6 SHOWING THD WITH FILTER


SIMULATION 7 SHOWING FIFTH HARMONIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WITH
FILTER

SIMULATION 8 SHOWING SEVENTH HARMONIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT


WITH FILTER
SIMULATION 9 SHOWING FUNDAMENTAL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WITH
FILTER

Thus the filter has reduced the voltage THD from 3.19% to 0.92% and current THD from
35.58% to 6.47%.

Fifth harmonic voltage distortion with filter= = =0.445 %< 1. 5%

Fifth harmonic current distortion = =4.99 %< 10%

TABLE-3 RESULTS

%HDV %HDI
FILTER STATUS BUS %THDV %THDI
(5th harmonic) (5th harmonic)
PCC(110
Without filter 2.409 3.12 32.85 35.58
kV bus)
PCC(110
With filter 0.445 0.92 4.99 6.47
kV bus)
SIMULATION 10 SHOWING THE DESIGN OF SINGLE TUNED FILTER
The filter parameters are designed as follows.
Q=P (tanՓ1-tanՓ2),
Where, Փ1 represents the angle of existing power factor
Փ2 represents the angle of desired power factor
P=S*pf
Q =31*0.912(0.4497-0.3286)
=3423 kVar
Xc=V2/Q
Where V=phase voltage of the bus where the filter is connected.
=6.35 2 /3.423
=11.77Ω
C=

=270.21microfarad
2
h =XC/XL
Where h is the harmonic order.
XL=11.77/52 =0.4708Ω

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