Computer Science

CLASS-XII
Code No. 083
2020-21

1. Prerequisites

Computer Science- Class XI

2. Learning Outcomes

 Apply the concept of functions and recursion.

 Ability to create and use Python libraries.
 Apply the concept of file handling.
 Make use of the concept of efficiency in algorithms and computing in
general.
 Ability to use basic data structures: Stacks and Queues.
 Explain the basics of computer networks.
 Ability to use connectivity between Python and SQL.

3. Distribution of Marks:

Unit Unit Name Theory Periods

No.
Marks
Theory Practical

Computational Thinking and

40 70 50
I Programming - 2

Computer Networks 10 15 ---

II
Database Management 20 25 20
III
Total 70 110 70

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2

● Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI.

● Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties
of data objects, passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions,
default parameters, positional parameters, return values, functions
using libraries: mathematical and string functions.
● File handling: Need for a data file, Types of file: Text files, Binary files
and CSV (Comma separated values) files.
1
 ● Text File: Basic operations on a text file: Open (filename – absolute
or relative path, mode) / Close a text file, Reading and Manipulation
of data from a text file, Appending data into a text file, standard input /
output and error streams, relative and absolute paths.
● Binary File: Basic operations on a binary file: Open (filename –
absolute or relative path, mode) / Close a binary file, Pickle Module –
methods load and dump; Read, Write/Create, Search, Append and
Update operations in a binary file.
● CSV File: Import csv module, functions – Open / Close a csv file,
Read from a csv file and Write into a csv file using csv.reader ( ) and
csv.writerow( ).
● Using Python libraries: create and import Python libraries.
● Recursion: simple algorithms with recursion: print a message forever,
sum of first n natural numbers, factorial, Fibonacci numbers;
recursion on arrays: binary search.
● Idea of efficiency: performance measurement in terms of the number
of operations.
● Data-structures: Lists as covered in Class XI, Stacks – Push, Pop
using a list, Queues – Insert, Delete using a list.

Unit II: Computer Networks

● Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different

ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching
techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).
● Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth
(Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps,
Tbps).
● Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber,
infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.
● Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router,
Switch, Gateway, WiFi card.
● Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN,
MAN.
● Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP,
SMTP, POP3, Remote Login (Telnet) and Internet, Wireless / Mobile
Communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL.
● Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G;
Mobile processors;
Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, Protocols for Chat
and Video Conferencing: VoIP, Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi
and WiMax
2
 ● Network Security Concepts:
Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams
Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https;
India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.
● Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language
(HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web
Servers; Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB Script, Java
Script, PHP) and Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP), Web 2.0 (for social
networking)
● E-commerce payment transactions using online banking, mobile
banking, payment apps and services.

Unit III: Database Management

Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its

need.
Relational data model: Concept of domain, relation, tuple, attribute,
degree, cardinality, key, primary key, candidate key, alternate key
and foreign key;
Structured Query Language:
General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition
Language and Data Manipulation Language;

Data Types: number / decimal, character / varchar / varchar2, date;

SQL commands: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER
TABLE, UPDATE ....SET...., INSERT, DELETE; SELECT,
DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, NULL / IS
NULL, ORDER BY,GROUP BY, HAVING;
SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) and MIN ( );
Joins: equi-join and natural join

Interface of Python with an SQL database

- Connecting SQL with Python
- Creating Database connectivity Applications
- Performing Insert, Update, Delete queries
- Display data by using fetchone(),fetchall(),rowcount

3
4. Practical

S. Marks
Area
No. (Total=30)
1 Lab Test:
1. Python program (60% logic + 20%
documentation + 20% code quality) 7
2. Small Python program that sends a SQL query
to a database and displays the result. A stub 5
program can be provided.
2 Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs. Out of 7
this at least 4 programs should send SQL
commands to a database and retrieve the result
3 Project (that uses the concepts that have been learnt
8
in Class 11 and 12)
4 Viva voce 3

5. Suggested Practical List:

Python Programming
● Recursively find the factorial of a natural number.
● Write a recursive code to find the sum of all elements of a list.
● Write a recursive code to compute the nth Fibonacci number.
● Read a text file line by line and display each word separated by a #.
● Read a text file and display the number of vowels/ consonants/
uppercase/ lowercase characters in the file.
● Create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given roll
number and display the name, if not found display appropriate
message.
● Create a binary file with roll number, name and marks. Input a roll
number and update the marks.
● Remove all the lines that contain the character `a' in a file and write it
to another file.
● Write a random number generator that generates random numbers
between 1 and 6 (simulates a dice).
● Write a Python program to implement a stack and queue using a list
data-structure.
● Take a sample of ten phishing e-mails (or any text file) and find most
commonly occurring word(s)

4
Database Management
● Create a student table and insert data. Implement the following SQL
commands on the student table:
ALTER table to add new attributes / modify data type / drop
attribute
UPDATE table to modify data
ORDER By to display data in ascending / descending order
DELETE to remove tuple(s)
GROUP BY and find the min, max, sum, count and average
● Similar exercise may be framed for other cases.
● Integrate SQL with Python by importing the MySQL module.

6. Project

The aim of the class project is to create something that is tangible and useful
using Python / Python and SQL connectivity. This should be done in groups
of two to three students and should be started by students at least 6 months
before the submission deadline. The aim here is to find a real world problem
that is worthwhile to solve.

Students are encouraged to visit local businesses and ask them about the
problems that they are facing. For example, if a business is finding it hard to
create invoices for filing GST claims, then students can do a project that
takes the raw data (list of transactions), groups the transactions by category,
accounts for the GST tax rates, and creates invoices in the appropriate
format. Students can be extremely creative here. They can use a wide
variety of Python libraries to create user friendly applications such as games,
software for their school, software for their disabled fellow students, and
mobile applications, Of course to do some of these projects, some additional
learning is required; this should be encouraged. Students should know how
to teach themselves.

The students should be sensitized to avoid plagiarism and violations of

copyright issues while working on projects. Teachers should take necessary
measures for this.