INTERNSHIP TRACKER

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

In today’s world, nobody takes an initiative to look for notices which are displayed on the notice
boards. Many students miss the information about some important notices and updates related to
their final year projects. Also, the students are not able to keep track of their project related
activities. It becomes very easy if all the details and updates of the project from guides and
coordinator are readily available for the students.
Managing the final year projects manually is very stressful job. But using simple web portal
anyone can carry out their project related work which is the main aim of Internship Tracker
System (ITS). It provides students, Internship coordinator and Internship guides a simple web
portal to manage and monitor the overall project activities. All the modules of the system have a
unique user id and password. Then any module can login into the system using their id and
password to get authenticated further.
ITS allows the group of students to provide at least three project domains and then the system
will automatically assign the guides to the groups of students. Internship coordinator is the main
module of the system which assigns various tasks to the students. Internship coordinator and
Internship guide are interacted with each other. Depending upon the different parameters related
to the work assigned by the coordinator. E-mail notifications are send to the groups about the
important notices and updates related to their final year project.

1.2 Purpose of the project

Internship Tracker System is a web application designed exclusively for Students and professors.
The project is intended for Computer Science department of the college. Using this application
all registered students can access the system. The users of the system can upload their projects
details along with their group details. This tool makes it easier for the organization to monitor the
projects. It maintains records and tracks various parameters that influence software project
development process and helps the management to take decisions at various stages of the project
development.

The product will assist the organization in maintaining record of every project it undertakes. All
the information relevant to the projects like size, time, effort and departments involved, etc are
maintained by this tool.

1.3 Goal of the project

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The proposed Internship Tracker System has the following features.

 Only registered students and Professors can access the system.
 Students can view and upload the materials (srs, documents, ppts, images, etc).
 Record different phases of a project.
 Define phase wise tasks.
 Keep a track of project schedules.
 Record project definition.
 Phase wise project closures.
 Assign resources to a project.
 Take daily efforts from each resource.
 Professors are allowed to download the materials for validation.

1.4 Scope of the project

It provides the user a distance learning methodology. The Internship Tracking System can be
implemented in educational bodies such as:
1. Colleges
2. Schools
3. Universities
The basic users involved in this project is
 Students
 Teachers/Professors
 Mentors
Internship Tracker System (ITS) is a very effective application which can be used to a great
extent. IMS have many advantages over the traditional system.
Some of these advantages are
 Centralized data.
 up-to-date status reporting
 Ease of use.
 Backups.
The use of this application reduces the extra time and efforts required to manage and monitor the
projects in colleges. It also provides a good interface which is easy to understand by the users
and helps in adapting to the use of this web application.

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Implementation of environment

I. PHP
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was
originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded
into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP
code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost
every operating system and platform free of charge.
PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development
ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as
the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. PHP is free software released
under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL)
because of restrictions on the use of the term PHP. PHP has evolved to include a command line
interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications.
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP
generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP
runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line
scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many
operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management
systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for
users to build, customize and extend for their own use.
PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP
instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since
PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce byte code for processing by the Zend Engine,
giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor
Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side
scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content
from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems' Java
Server Pages and mod perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that
provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD).
Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features
similar to other web application frameworks.
II. CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language like HTML.[1] CSS is a cornerstone technology of
the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.

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CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors,

and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control
in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting
by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the
structural content.
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page in
different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-
based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for
alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device.
The name cascading comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which style rule
applies if more than one rule matches a particular element. This cascading priority scheme is
predictable.
The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet
media type (MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998). The
W3C operates a free CSS validation service for CSS documents.
In addition to HTML, other markup languages support the use of CSS including XHTML, plain
XML, SVG, and XUL.

III. HTML
HTML, which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for
web pages. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics
for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc. as well as for links, quotes, and other items. It
allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It is
written in the form of HTML elements consisting of "tags" surrounded by angle brackets within
the web page content. It can include or can load scripts in languages such as JavaScript which
affect the behavior of HTML processors like Web browsers; and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both
HTML and CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicit presentational markup.
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the encoding scheme used to create and format a web
document. A user need not be an expert programmer to make use of HTML for creating
hypertext documents that can be put on the internet.
Most graphical e-mail clients allow the use of a subset of HTML (often ill-defined) to provide
formatting and semantic markup not available with plain text. This may include typographic
information like colored headings, emphasized and quoted text, inline images and diagrams.
Many such clients include both a GUI editor for composing HTML e-mail messages and a
rendering engine for displaying them. Use of HTML in e-mail is controversial because of
compatibility issues, because it can help disguise phishing attacks, because it can confuse spam
filters and because the message size is larger than plain text.
The Project is made using web technologies like JSP, HTML with proper documentation so that
the future person who will work under the same project can understand the code.

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E Learning Resource Locator on courses is an essential element in quality assurance. The aim of
this is to save time for staff in academic departments and to allow the faculties to upload
materials and answer the questions asked by the students in an effective way. This recognizes
that whilst the information remains the property of the College.
Naming Convention - The most common filename extension for files containing HTML is .html.
A common abbreviation of this is .html, which originated because some early operating systems
and file systems, such as DOS and FAT, limited file extensions to three letters.
HTML Application - An HTML Application is a Microsoft Windows application that uses
HTML and Dynamic HTML in a browser to provide the application's graphical interface. A
regular HTML file is confined to the security model of the web browser, communicating only to
web servers and manipulating only webpage objects and site cookies. An HTA runs as a fully
trusted application and therefore has more privileges, like creation/editing/removal of files and
Windows Registry entries. Because they operate outside the browser's security model, HTAs
cannot be executed via HTTP, but must be downloaded (just like an EXE file) and executed from
local file system.

III. UML

Unified Modeling Language, or UML, provides an overview of the most important diagrams
used in the visual modeling of computing programs. The most useful, standard UML diagrams
are: use case diagram, class diagram, sequence diagram, state chart diagram, activity diagram,
component diagram, and deployment diagram. By using this UML diagrams one can easily
understand about any product or application.

Unified Modeling Language, is a standardized modeling language consisting of an integrated set

of diagrams, developed to help system and software developers for specifying, visualizing,
constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems, as well as for business modeling
and other non-software systems. The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices
that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems. The UML is a very
important part of developing object oriented software and the software development process. The
UML uses mostly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Using the UML
helps project teams communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural design
of the software. In this article, we will give you detailed ideas about what is UML, the history of
UML and a description of each UML diagram type, along with UML examples.

As the strategic value of software increases for many companies, the industry looks for
techniques to automate the production of software and to improve quality and reduce cost and
time-to-market. These techniques include component technology, visual programming, patterns
and frameworks. Businesses also seek techniques to manage the complexity of systems as they
increase in scope and scale. In particular, they recognize the need to solve recurring architectural
problems, such as physical distribution, concurrency, replication, security, load balancing and
fault tolerance. Additionally, the development for the World Wide Web, while making some
things simpler, has exacerbated these architectural problems. The Unified Modeling Language
(UML) was designed to respond to these needs. The primary goals in the design of the UML
summarize by Page-Jones in Fundamental Object-Oriented Design in UML as follows:

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1. Provide users with a ready-to-use, expressive visual modelling language so they can
develop and exchange meaningful models.
2. Provide extensibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core concepts.
3. Be independent of particular programming languages and development processes.
4. Provide a formal basis for understanding the modelling language.
5. Encourage the growth of the OO tools market.
6. Support higher-level development concepts such as collaborations, frameworks, patterns
and components.
7. Integrate best practices.

IV. MYSQL
There are a large number of database management systems currently available, some commercial
and some free. Some of them: Oracle, Microsoft Access, MySQL and PostgreSQL. These
database systems are powerful, feature-rich software, capable of organizing and searching
millions of records at very high speeds.
Every Database is composed of one or more tables. These Tables, which structure data into rows
and columns, impose organization on the data. The records in a table (below) are not arranged in
any particular order. To make it easy to identify a specific record, therefore, it becomes
necessary.
You already know that a single database can hold multiple tables. In a Relational database
management system (RDBMS), these tables can be linked to each other by one or more common
fields, called foreign keys.
Database administrator is the super user of database, he has unrestricted rights and privileges to
access database, grant permission to other database users. Database user is the person who uses
the database in a restricted privileges, provided by database administrator. If you have installed
PHP’s WAMP or XAMPP server, then MySQL database already exists. If you don’t have then
download MySQL database from herehttp://www.mysql.com.

2.2 Project Planning and Scheduling

Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as
Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment. Initially,
the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing the project are
determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks necessary to complete the
work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown structure. The logical dependencies between
tasks are defined using an activity network diagram that enables identification of the critical
path. Float or slack time in the schedule can be calculated using project management software.
Then the necessary resources can be estimated and costs for each activity can be allocated to
each resource, giving the total project cost. At this stage, the project plan may be optimized to
achieve the appropriate balance between resource usage and project duration to comply with the
project objectives. Once established and agreed, the plan becomes what is known as the baseline.

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Progress will be measured against the baseline throughout the life of the project. Analyzing
progress compared to the baseline is known as earned value management.

2.3 Project Development Approach

The software methodology followed in this project includes the object-oriented methodology and
the application system development methodologies. The description of these methodologies is
given below.
Although there are a growing number of applications (such as decision support systems) that
should be developed using an experimental process strategy such as prototyping, a significant
amount of new development work continue to involve major operational applications of broad
scope. The application systems are large highly structured. User task comprehension and
developer task proficiency is usually high. These factors suggest a linear or iterative assurance
strategy. The most common method for this stage class of problems is a system development life
cycle modal in which each stage of development is well defined and has straightforward
requirements for deliverables, feedback and sign off.

Application System Development – A Life cycle Approach

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The system development life cycle is described in detail since it continues to be an appropriate
methodology for a significant part of new development work.
The basic idea of the system development life cycle is that there is a well-defined process by
which an application is conceived and developed and implemented. The life cycle gives structure
to a creative process. In order to manage and control the development effort, it is necessary to
know what should have been done, what has been done, and what has yet to be accomplished.
The phrases in the system development life cycle provide a basis for management and control
because they define segments of the flow of work, which can be identified for managerial
purposes and specifies the documents or other deliverables to be produced in each phase.
The phases in the life cycle for information system development are described differently by
different writers, but the differences are primarily in the amount of necessity and manner of
categorization. There is a general agreement on the flow of development steps and the necessity
for control procedures at each stage.
The information system development cycle for an application consists of three major stages.
1) Definition.
2) Development.
3) Installation and operation.
The first stage of the process, which defines the information requirements for a feasible cost
effective system by the system design, computer programming and procedure development. The
resulting system is test and put into operation. No system is perfect so there is always a need for
maintenance changes. To complete the cycle, there should be a post audit of the system to
evaluate how well it performs and how well it meets the cost and performance specifications.
The stages of definition, development and installation and operation can therefore be divided into
smaller steps or phrases as follows.
Definition
Proposed definition : preparation of request for proposed applications.
Feasibility assessment : evaluation of feasibility and cost benefit of proposed
System.
Information requirement analysis : determination of information needed.

Design
Conceptual : User-oriented design of application development.
Physical system design : Detailed design of flows and processes in applications
processing system and preparation of program
specification.

Development
Program : coding and testing of computer programs.
Procedure development : design of procedures and preparation of user instructions.

Installation and operation

Conversion : Final system test and conversion.
Operation and maintenance : Month to month operation and maintenance
Post audit : Evaluation of development process, application system
and results of use at the completion of the each phase,
formal approval sign-off is required from the users as well

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as from the manager of the project development.

2.4 Project Plan

Once we examine that the project is feasible, we undertake project planning. The table below
describes how we planned our project.

Phases No. of days Deliverables of the

phase
Feasibility Analysis 6 Feasibility Report
document
Requirement Gathering 15 System Requirement
Study
Analysis 09

Design 07 Design document

Implement Coding 30 Implementation of
system
Testing 4 Testing Document
Final Evaluation 1 Report Submit

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3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 Existing System

Existing system of project management is manual. Project coordinator or guide gives task for
student manually. Student complete the work which is given by coordinator or guide and submits
manually, in this system all work is done by manually so it can take more time to complete
project related work. Project coordinator or guide requires remembering in mind when student
completed the work so it is difficult for Project coordinator or guide which student completed the
task and when. The existing system does not help users to get right information at right time and
user cannot manage project development easily to achieve the main goal.
Limitations of existing system
 It is time consuming.
 Right information is not retrieved at right time.
 Any updates to the data by team members or the Project coordinator or guide cannot see
immediately by the rest of the team.
 All work is done manually.

3.2 Problem Statement

The following drawbacks of existing system emphasize the need for computerization:

1. The traditional method followed by the organization is done with the help of pen and
paper which requires more man power and also consumes more time.

2. This result in waste of time. Lot of effort is required when this method is followed, this
makes the task hectic for the organization and the clients.
3. Any updates to the data by team members or the Project coordinator or guide cannot seen
immediately by the rest of the team.

3.3 Proposed System

To take advantage of the latest technology and to facilitate clients to make online inquires about
their project status a tool need to be developed.

The tool should accomplish the following functions:

 The tool should be able to manage all the projects effectively and ensure that projects
cycle goes on smoothly and they are completed on time.

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 While accepting client’s requirements, all necessary validations should be performed. It

should also store the client’s details.

 The system should generate the following reports:

 Guide’s details list.

 Student’s details list.

 Allocated resources list.

 Project details list.

 Allocated tasks list.

It contains the following elements:-

1. Student Login:
It enables a person to login as a student or sign up if he/she has not registered for the
System. Once logged in a student has the following features:-
 Edit Profile: It allows modifying the details
 Upload Materials: Here the student can upload the materials like srs document,
images, etc.
 View Materials: Student can view all updates of the work uploaded by Project
coordinator or guide.
 Feedback report: student can view the feedback report to check the comments
given by the guide.

2. Faculty Login:
It enables a person to login as a faculty member or sign up if he/she has not registered
for the System. Once logged in a faculty member has the following features:-
 Edit Profile: It allows modifying the details.
 Upload file: Guide upload file for student information.
 View Files: Guide View all files uploaded by student.
 Feedback report: Here the faculty or guide can give the suggestions and
feedback for particular project.

3. Administrator Login :
The administrator is the ultimate controller of the application with the highest authority.
He/she has the following features:-
 Student/Faculty: It displays a list of students/faculty members registered for the
System.
 Student/Faculty request: It displays a list of students/faculty members whose
sign up request is still pending.

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 Materials upload by the student or faculty: It displays a list of ppts, images and
documents posted by the faculty members and students. The administrator has
the power to remove materials from the list and upload according to wish.
 Question/Answers: It displays a list of questions asked by students/answers to
questions by teachers. The administrator has the power to delete
questions/answers from the list.

3.4 Feasibility Study

Feasibility study is conducted once the problem is clearly understood. Feasibility study is a high
level capsule version of the entire system analysis and design process. The objective is to
determine quickly at a minimum expense how to solve a problem. The purpose of feasibility is
not to solve the problem but to determine if the problem is worth solving.
The system has been tested for feasibility in the following points.
1. Technical Feasibility
2. Economical Feasibility
3. Operational Feasibility.
I. Technical Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements of
the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical
resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to
high demands being placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest
requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system.
II. Economical Feasibility
This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the
organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development
of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed system as well
within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely
available. Only the customized products had to be purchased.

III. Social Feasibility

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes
the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by
the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely
depends on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and to make him

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familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some
constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.

3.5 Software Requirement Specification

The purpose of the system is to develop Online Examination System., used to test the Domain

knowledge of the students, with respect to the particular technology. The manual procedure used
for conducting exam is time consuming process and error prone due to human limitations. The
main task is to simplify the process of conducting examinations for students to test their
knowledge. The student enters his/her details and then attempts the examinations for their
specific domain in the given time period. Coming to the hardware components we require a
system with certain capabilities which are specified under the hardware requirements.
3.5.1 Functional Requirements
It defines a function of a software system or its component. A function is described as a set
of inputs, the behavior, and outputs.

I. Input Requirements
After the program starts the student needs to enter his/her details such as name,
registration number, course name which is taught by the faculty.

II. Applying Procedure

The student enters the necessary details and then tries to upload the materials for his/her
specific project in the given time period.

III. Output Requirements

Admin views the materials uploaded by the students and can analyze their project
progress.

IV. Database Requirements

In this project an Oracle database is used to store the feedback data which is given by the
students and professors for the sentiment analysis to be done and produces the updated
results.

3.5.2 Non Functional Requirements

The major non-functional Requirements of the system are as follows

I. Usability
The system is designed in such a way that the user gives the required details and is very
user friendly.
II. Reliability
The system is more reliable because of the qualities that are inherited from the chosen
platform. The code built by using JSP is more reliable.

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III. Performance
This system is developing in the high level languages and using the advanced front-end
and back-end technologies it will give response to the end user on client system with in
very less time.
IV. Supportability
The system is designed to be the cross platform supportable. The system is supported on
a wide range of hardware and any software platform, built into the system.

3.5.3 Software Requirements

 Operating System : Windows

 Web-Technology : PHP
 Front-End : HTML,CSS,JAVASCRIPT
 Back-End : MySQL
 Web Server : Apache Tomcat Server

3.5.4 Hardware Requirements

 Pentium-IV (Processor).
 256 MB Ram
 512 KB Cache Memory
 Hard disk 10 GB
 Microsoft Compatible 101 or more Key Board

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4. SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Introduction to design

Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles for the
purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its physical
realization.
Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software design involves
three technical activities - design, coding, implementation and testing that are required to build
and verify the software.
The design activities are of main importance in this phase, because in this activity, decisions
ultimately affecting the success of the software implementation and its ease of maintenance are
made. These decisions have the final bearing upon reliability and maintainability of the system.
Design is the only way to accurately translate the customer’s requirements into finished software
or a system. Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software design is a
process through which requirements are translated into a representation of software. Software
design is conducted in two steps. Preliminary design is concerned with the transformation of
requirements into data.

4.2 UML Diagrams

Actor:
A coherent set of roles that users of use cases play when interacting with the use `cases.

Use case:
A description of sequence of actions, including variants, that a system performs that yields an
observable result of value of an actor.

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a language for specifying, visualizing and
documenting the system. This is the step while developing any product after analysis. The goal

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from this is to produce a model of the entities involved in the project which later need to be built.
The representation of the entities that are to be used in the product being developed need to be
designed. There are various kinds of methods in software design.
They are as follows:
 Use case Diagram
 Sequence Diagram
 Collaboration Diagram
 Activity Diagram
 State chat Diagram

Use Case Diagrams:

Use case diagrams model behavior within a system and helps the developers understand of what
the user require. The stick man represents what’s called an actor. Use case diagram can be useful
for getting an overall view of the system and clarifying who can do and more importantly what
they can’t do. Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the interaction
between the use case and actors.
 The purpose is to show the interactions between the use case and actor.
 To represent the system requirements from user’s perspective.
 An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system.
A Use case is a description of set of sequence of actions. Graphically it is rendered as an ellipse
with solid line including only its name. Use case diagram is a behavioral diagram that shows a
set of use cases and actors and their relationship. It is an association between the use cases and
actors. An actor represents a real-world object. Primary Actor – Sender, Secondary Actor
Receiver.

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Sequence Diagram:
Sequence diagram and collaboration diagram are called INTERACTION DIAGRAMS. An
interaction diagram shows an interaction, consisting of set of objects and their relationship
including the messages that may be dispatched among them. A sequence diagram is an
introduction that empathizes the time ordering of messages. Graphically a sequence diagram is a
table that shows objects arranged along the X-axis and messages ordered in increasing time
along the Y-axis.
a) Professors/mentors:

b) Student:

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Collaboration Diagram:
A collaboration diagram is an introduction diagram that emphasizes the structural organization of
the objects that send and receive messages. Graphically a collaboration diagram is a collection of
vertices and arcs.

Class Diagram:
Class is nothing but a structure that contains both variables and methods. The Class Diagram
shows a set of classes, interfaces, and collaborations and their relating ships. There is most
common diagram in modeling the object oriented systems and are used to give the static view of
a system. It shows the dependency between the classes that can be used in our system.
The interactions between the modules or classes of our projects are shown below. Each block
contains Class Name, Variables and Methods.
Class:
A description of set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, relationships, and
semantics

4.3 Data Flow Diagram:

The DFD takes an input-process-output view of a system i.e. data objects flow into the software,
are transformed by processing elements, and resultant data objects flow out of the software. Data
objects represented by labeled arrows and transformation are represented by circles also called as
bubbles. DFD is presented in a hierarchical fashion i.e. the first data flow model represents the
system as a whole. Subsequent DFD refine the context diagram (level 0 DFD), providing
increasing details with each subsequent level. The DFD enables the software engineer to develop

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models of the information domain & functional domain at the same time. As the DFD is refined
into greater levels of details, the analyst perform an implicit functional decomposition of the
system. At the same time, the DFD refinement results in a corresponding refinement of the data
as it moves through the process that embody the applications. A context-level DFD for the
system the primary external entities produce information for use by the system and consume
information generated by the system. The labeled arrow represents data objects or object
hierarchy.
Rules for DFD:
 Fix the scope of the system by means of context diagrams.
 Organize the DFD so that the main sequence of the actions
 Reads left to right and top to bottom.
 Identify all inputs and outputs.
 Identify and label each process internal to the system with Rounded circles.
 A process is required for all the data transformation and Transfers. Therefore, never
connect a data store to a data Source or the destinations or another data store with just
a Data flow arrow.
 Do not indicate hardware and ignore control information.
 Make sure the names of the processes accurately convey everything the process is
done.
 There must not be unnamed process.
 Indicate external sources and destinations of the data, with Squares.
 Identify all data flows for each process step, except simple Record retrievals.
 Label data flow on each arrow.
 Use details flow on each arrow.
 Use the details flow arrow to indicate data movements.

Level 1

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Uploading files:

Student

View files:

Faculty

4.4 E-R Diagrams:

The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976 [Chen76] as a
way to unify the network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER model is a
conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component
of the model is the Entity-Relationship diagram which is used to visually represent data objects.

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Since Chen wrote his paper the model has been extended and today it is commonly used for
database design for the database designer, the utility of the ER model is:
 It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can easily be
transformed into relational tables.
 It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the model can
be used by the database designer to communicate the design to the end user.
 In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer to
implement a data model in a specific database management software.

Connectivity and Cardinality:

The basic types of connectivity for relations are: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
A one-to-one (1:1) relationship is when at most one instance of a entity A is associated with one
instance of entity B. For example, "employees in the company are each assigned their own
office. For each employee there exists a unique office and for each office there exists a unique
employee.
A one-to-many (1:N) relationships is when for one instance of entity A, there are zero, one, or
many instances of entity B, but for one instance of entity B, there is only one instance of entity
A. An example of a 1:N relationships is a department has many employees each employee is
assigned to one department.
A many-to-many (M:N) relationship, sometimes called non-specific, is when for one instance of
entity A, there are zero, one, or many instances of entity B and for one instance of entity B there
are zero, one, or many instances of entity A. The connectivity of a relationship describes the
mapping of associated.

ER Notation:

There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling methodology
uses its own notation. The original notation used by Chen is widely used in academics texts and
journals but rarely seen in either CASE tools or publications by non-academics. Today, there are
a number of notations used, among the more common are Bachman, crow's foot, and IDEFIX.
All notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines connecting
boxes. Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the cardinality of a connection. The
notation used in this document is from Martin. The symbols used for the basic ER constructs are:
 Entities are represented by labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the entity. Entity
names should be singular nouns.
 Relationships are represented by a solid line connecting two entities. The name of the
relationship is written above the line. Relationship names should be verbs
 Attributes, when included, are listed inside the entity rectangle. Attributes which are
identifiers are underlined. Attribute names should be singular nouns.
 Cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow's foot. If the crow's foot is
omitted, the cardinality is one.

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 Existence is represented by placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line.

Faculty Admin

Student

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5. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Front End Implementation

I. HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed

to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the
documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web
page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and
other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML
provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as
headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags,
written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into
the page. Other tags such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may
include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to
interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects the
behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current
maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational
HTML since 1997.

II. CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language like HTML.[1] CSS is a cornerstone technology of
the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors,
and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control
in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting
by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the
structural content.
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page in
different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-

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based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for
alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device.
The name cascading comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which style rule
applies if more than one rule matches a particular element. This cascading priority scheme is
predictable.
The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet
media type (MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998). The
W3C operates a free CSS validation service for CSS documents.
In addition to HTML, other markup languages support the use of CSS including XHTML, plain
XML, SVG, and XUL.

III. JavaScript
JavaScript , often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted scripting language that conforms
to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic
typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions.
Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the core technologies of the World Wide
Web. JavaScript enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications. The
vast majority of websites use it, and major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to
execute it.
As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven, functional,
and imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming styles. It
has APIs for working with text, arrays, dates, regular expressions, and the DOM, but the
language itself does not include any I/O, such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. It
relies upon the host environment in which it is embedded to provide these features.
Initially only implemented client-side in web browsers, JavaScript engines are now embedded in
many other types of host software, including server-side in web servers and databases, and in
non-web programs such as word processors and PDF software, and in runtime environments that
make JavaScript available for writing mobile and desktop applications, including desktop
widgets.
The terms Vanilla JavaScript and Vanilla JS refer to JavaScript not extended by any frameworks
or additional libraries. Scripts written in Vanilla JS are plain JavaScript code.
Although there are similarities between JavaScript and Java, including language name, syntax,
and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.
JavaScript was influenced by programming languages such as  Self
and Scheme. The JSON serialization format, used to store data structures in files or transmit
them across networks, is based on JavaScript.

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IV. PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was
originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded
into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP
code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost
every operating system and platform free of charge.
PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development
ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as
the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. PHP is free software released
under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL)
because of restrictions on the use of the term PHP. PHP has evolved to include a command line
interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications.
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP
generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP
runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line
scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many
operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management
systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for
users to build, customize and extend for their own use.
PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP
instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since
PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce byte code for processing by the Zend Engine,
giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor
Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side
scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content
from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems' Java
Server Pages and mod perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that
provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD).
Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features
similar to other web application frameworks.

5.2 Back End Implementation

I. MYSQL
There are a large number of database management systems currently available, some commercial
and some free. Some of them: Oracle, Microsoft Access, MySQL and PostgreSQL. These

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database systems are powerful, feature-rich software, capable of organizing and searching
millions of records at very high speeds.
Every Database is composed of one or more tables. These Tables, which structure data into rows
and columns, impose organization on the data. The records in a table (below) are not arranged in
any particular order. To make it easy to identify a specific record, therefore, it becomes
necessary.
You already know that a single database can hold multiple tables. In a Relational database
management system (RDBMS), these tables can be linked to each other by one or more common
fields, called foreign keys.
Database administrator is the super user of database, he has unrestricted rights and privileges to
access database, grant permission to other database users. Database user is the person who uses
the database in a restricted privileges, provided by database administrator. If you have installed
PHP’s WAMP or XAMPP server, then MySQL database already exists. If you don’t have then
download MySQL database from herehttp://www.mysql.com.

II. PHP
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was
originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded
into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP
code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost
every operating system and platform free of charge.
PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development
ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as
the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. PHP is free software released
under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL)
because of restrictions on the use of the term PHP. PHP has evolved to include a command line
interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications.
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP
generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP
runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line
scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many
operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management
systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for
users to build, customize and extend for their own use.
PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP
instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since
PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce byte code for processing by the Zend Engine,
giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor
Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side
scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content
from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems' Java

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Server Pages and mod perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that
provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD).
Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features
similar to other web application frameworks.

5.3 Modules Description

5.3.1 Admin Module

 Register
To be authenticated first have to be registered.
 Login
Registered User Can be allowed to view inner details for which he permitted.
 Change Password and Forgot Password
User has rights to modify his login details & also be informed through mails if he is
unable to login.
 Student Modifying Details
Admin can be modified to change status of each user.
 Departments entering / Modifying Details
New departments adding and old department deletions are spend by this user.
 Professors Details – Modifying Details
According to staff he can add or delete Instructors for specific platform.
5.3.2 Faculty Module
 Register
To be authenticated first have to be registered.
 Login
The Registered User Can be allowed to view inner details for which he permitted.
 Change Password and Forgot Password
User has rights to modify his logging details& also be informed through mails if he is
unable to login
 View materials – project verifying
According to flow of project & Technology he can evaluate the project materials into the
database.
 download materials
He will be downloading materials periodically.
 Update feedback
He has rights to modify feedback.
 View query Details
Can view at attended students who has registered.
5.3.2 Student Module
 Register

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To be authenticated first have to be registered

 Login
The Registered User Can be allowed to view inner details for which he permitted.
 Students can easily upload the project materials from anywhere at any time.
 Students can view the feedback report to check the comments given by the Professors on
their projects.
 Logout
After the process of uploading he turned to Logout page.

5.4 Sample Code

<?php
session_start();
if(empty($_SESSION['email']))
{
?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css.css">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<style>
body
{
background-image:url(background.png);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: 100% 100%;
}
</style>

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<title>Project Management System</title>

</head>
<div>
<body>
<table width="100%" cellspacing="00" cellpadding="00">
<tr bgcolor="#D2691E">
<th width="7%" scope="col">&nbsp;</th>
<th width="12%" scope="col"><img src="images/logo1.png" alt="LOGO"/></th>
<th width="62%" scope="col"><font size="8" color="White">Project Managenent
System</font></th>
<th width="13%" scope="col"><font size="5" color="White">&nbsp;</font></th>
<th width="6%" scope="col">&nbsp;</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><br/><br/><div style="width:50%;background-color:#FFF8DC;margin-left:24%;margin-
top:100px;border:1px solid black;">
<br><br>
<form name="login" action="chk.php" method="post">

<table width="100%" cellspacing="02" cellpadding="05">

<tr>
<th colspan="2" scope="col"><font size="6">LOGIN</font></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><font size="5">ID&nbsp;:&nbsp;</font></td>
<td><input style="height: 20px; font-size: 15px;" type="text" name="id"/><br/>
</td>
</tr>

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<tr>
<td align="right"><font size="5">Password&nbsp;:&nbsp;</font></td>
<td><input style="height: 20px; font-size: 15px;" type="password" name="pass" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><font size="5">Login_As&nbsp;:&nbsp;</font></td>
<td>
<select name="role" style="width: 13em; height: 2em; font-size: 15px;">
<option value="Student">Student</option>
<option value="Faculty">Faculty</option>
<option value="Admin">Admin</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" style="width: 4em; height:
2em; font-size: 20px;" name="register" value="Submit" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/>
&nbsp;
</form>
</div>
</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>

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<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</div>
</html>
<?php
}
else
{
header("location:Admin.php");
}
?>

5.5 Database Tables

NULL/NOTNU I. USER REG TABLE
NAME LL TYPE KEY
PRIMARYK
ID NOTNULL INT EY
VARCHAR(5
NAME NULL 0)
DOB NULL DATETIME
GENDE VARCHAR(1
R NULL 0)
BRANC VARCHAR(2
H NULL 0)
COLLE VARCHAR(5
GE NULL 0)
VARCHAR(5
UID NULL 0)
VARCHAR(2
PWD NULL 0)
VARCHAR(2
RPWD NULL 0)
VARCHAR(2
UTYPE NULL 0)
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VARCHAR(5
QUE NULL 00)
VARCHAR(5
ANS NULL 00)
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6. SYSTEM TESTING
6.1. Testing
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It is the process of exercising software with the
intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and
does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses
a specific testing requirement.
6.1.1. Black Box Testing
In this system black box testing is performed by giving random inputs to the functionalities and
verified whether expected results are obtained. For example random inputs are given to a login
page and verified whether it’s accepting even the wrong credentials. When these kinds of bugs
are detected then these are fortified. In this testing we verified whether our application is
according to the requirement specification. Any missing functionalities can be detected in this
phase.
6.1.2. White Box Testing
White box testing is performed by verifying the internal code of the application. Syntactic errors,
Decisions, Control Flow and statements of the code are verified line by line for all the modules
involved in our system such as User. We could detect control flow errors such as wrong
redirection using white box testing.
6.2 Types of Tests:
There are six types of test a software product must satisfy:
I. Unit Test
II. Functional Test
III. Performance Test
IV. Stress Test and
V. Structural Test
VI. System Test
Functional Test, Performance Test and Stress Test are known as Black box testing.
Structural Test is referred as White box or Glass Box testing.
I. Unit Testing:
Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design. Unit
Testing is considered as an equivalent to coding step. After the source level code has been
developed, reviewed and verified for correct syntax, unit test case design begins. In most of the
applications, a driver is nothing more than a main program that accepts test case data, passes
such data to the module to be tested and prints the relevant results.

II. Functional Testing:

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Functional Testing involves testing the system under typical operating condition,
typical input values and for typical expected results. The functional boundaries specifies
boundary within which the system can function. three types of functional tests are done
Checking the documented functions.
Checking with maximum values.
Checking with valid input.

III. Performance Testing:

Performance Testing is conducted to identify the bottlenecks in the system and to
fine-tune the overall performance of the system.

IV. Stress Testing:

Stress Testing involves overloading the system in various ways and observing the
behavior. The system is tested with high network traffic and more number of clients. Stress test
provides valuable insight about the strengths and weakness of a system.
V. Structural Testing:
Structural Testing are concerned with examining the internal processing logic of a
program and traversing particular execution paths.
VI. System Testing:
System Testing involves two kinds of activities
1. Integration Testing and
2. Acceptance Testing
1. Integration Testing:
Integrating all the functionalities since some functions work perfectly when run
alone tests the system.
Integration Testing is of two types
Top down Integration Testing and
Bottom-Up Integration testing.

Top down Integration Testing:

In Top down Integration the top of the hierarchy is tested then one or two
immediately subordinate routines are tested.
Bottom-Up Integration Testing:

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First the modules at the very bottom, which have no subordinates, are tested then
these are combined with higher-level modules for testing.
2. Acceptance Testing:
Acceptance Testing involves planning and execution of functional tests,
performance tests and stress tests in order to demonstrate that the implemented system
satisfies its requirements.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

Test case Test case Input Expected Obtained

number output output

1 STUDENT Give registered User Login page User Login page

LOGIN username and is open. is open.
password. Authorized user Authorized user
can upload and can download
download the file the file.
2 ADMIN Login Admin username Admin Login Admin Login
and password page is open. page is open.
View the file. View the file.
Stored into the Stored into the
data base. Sends data base. Sends
the file key to the file key to
user. user.
3 FACULTY Login Give Faculty user Faculty Login faculty Login
name and Page is send files. Page is send
password files

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7. INPUT OUTPUT SCREENS

7.1 Admin module:

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7.2 Faculty Module:

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7.3 Student Module:

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8. CONCLUSION

The package was designed in such a way that future modifications can be
done easily. The following conclusions can be deduced from the development of the project.
 Automation of the entire system improves the efficiency
 It provides a friendly graphical user interface which proves to be better when compared
to the existing system.
 It gives appropriate access to the authorized users depending on their permissions.
 It effectively overcomes the delay in communications.
 Updating of information becomes so easier.
 System security, data security and reliability are the striking features.
 The System has adequate scope for modification in future if it is necessary.

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9. REFERENCES
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/php/php_tutorial.pdf
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/
http://www.w3schools.com/php/
https://www.projectworld.com
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org
https://www.tutorialspoint.com

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