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Tutorial 5: Conservation of Momentum: Instructors: Ryan Hazelton and Kazumi Tolich

1. This document discusses experiments involving collisions between gliders of different masses on a frictionless track. It examines the momentum of individual gliders and the system before and after collisions. 2. In experiment 100, the mass of glider B100 is much larger than glider A100. After collision, glider B100's final speed is nearly zero, while glider A100's final speed is nearly equal to its initial speed. 3. For an object or system to have unchanged momentum, the net force acting on it must be zero. A free-body diagram can show whether the net force is zero by indicating no unbalanced external forces.

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Jasdeep singh
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130 views

Tutorial 5: Conservation of Momentum: Instructors: Ryan Hazelton and Kazumi Tolich

1. This document discusses experiments involving collisions between gliders of different masses on a frictionless track. It examines the momentum of individual gliders and the system before and after collisions. 2. In experiment 100, the mass of glider B100 is much larger than glider A100. After collision, glider B100's final speed is nearly zero, while glider A100's final speed is nearly equal to its initial speed. 3. For an object or system to have unchanged momentum, the net force acting on it must be zero. A free-body diagram can show whether the net force is zero by indicating no unbalanced external forces.

Uploaded by

Jasdeep singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL 5:

CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
Instructors: Ryan Hazelton and Kazumi Tolich
Momentum of objects in a collision
2

¨  Experiment 1 is conducted with Before collision Experiment 1 After collision


two gliders, A1 and B1, on a v
v A i
v =0 B i
v A f B f
level, frictionless track. The 1 1 1 1

B B
mass of glider B1 is greater A 1
A
1 1 1

than that of glider A1 (i.e.,


mB1 > mA1).
1.  Is the magnitude of the final momentum of glider B1 greater than, less than,
or equal to that of the system S1 of both gliders?
2.  Copy the momentum vector diagram below into your notebook and fill it out.
Momentum of glider A1 Momentum of glider B1 Momentum of system S1

Initial

Final
Momentum of objects in a collision
3
After collision
¨  Two additional experiments are performed that
are identical to experiment 1 with the mass of the vA f
1
vB f
1

Experiment 1
target glider is larger in each subsequent A1 B1
experiment (i.e., mB3 > mB2 > mB1). The incoming
gliders A1–A3 are identical and have the same vA f
vB f
2
2
initial velocity. B2
Experiment 2
A2
3.  Predict the ranking of the final momenta of
the target gliders, from largest to smallest. vB f
3
vA f
4.  Draw momentum vector diagrams for the 3

B3
Experiment 3
A3
two new experiments in your notebook, and
use them to check your prediction.
Momentum of objects in a collision
4

¨  Experiments 4–100 are set up in the same pattern as the first three
experiments. The mass of glider B100 is much larger than the mass of glider
A100.
¨  In experiment 100, it is observed that the final speed of glider B100 is very
nearly zero, and glider A100 moves to the left with a final speed very nearly
equal to its initial speed.
5.  Is the magnitude of the final momentum of glider B100 greater than, less
than, or equal to that of glider A100?
6.  Clicker question
7.  Suppose that glider A100 has initial momentum 3 kg⋅m/s to the right and
final momentum very nearly equal to 3 kg⋅m/s to the left. What is the final
momentum of glider B100?
Changes in momentum in multiple-object systems
5

¨  Consider experiment 1 again.


8.  Does the momentum of glider A1, glider B1, or system S1 change during the
collision?
9.  In your notebook, draw separate free-body diagrams for both gliders and for
system S1 at an instant during the collision.
¨  Suppose instead that glider B1 were on such a rough section of track that it did not
move during the collision, and glider A1 moved to the left after the collision with a
final speed equal to its initial speed. (Glider A1 is still on a frictionless surface.)
10.  Does the momentum of glider A1, glider B1, or system S1 change in this case?
11.  In your notebook, draw separate free-body diagrams for both gliders and for
system S1 at an instant during the collision.
Changes in momentum in multiple-object systems
6

12.  In your notebook, circle the free-body diagrams for the object(s) and/or
system(s) for which the momentum is not changing.
13.  How can you tell from a free-body diagram whether the momentum of an
object (or system) is not changing? For example:
1.  Could external forces be exerted on an object (or system) when its momentum is not
changing?
2.  Could the net force on an object (or system) be non-zero when its momentum is not
changing?
14.  Summarize the conditions under which the momentum of an object or system is
not changing.

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