Exercise - 2 PDF
Exercise - 2 PDF
Hon-Ming HO)
Practice Exercises 2: Vectors in the 𝒙𝒚𝒛-Coordinate System
Exercise 1:
Let 𝑢
⃗ =< 3 , −2 > and 𝑣⃑ =< −2 ,5 > . Find the component form and magnitude (length) of the following vectors:
a) 3𝑢⃗⃑
b) 𝑢
⃗⃑ + 𝑣⃑
c) 2𝑢⃗⃑ − 3𝑣⃑
Solution to Exercise 1:
⃗⃑ − 3𝑣⃑ = 2 < 3 , −2 > −3 < −2 ,5 >=< 2(3) , 2(−2) > +< (−3)(−2) , (−3)(5) >=< 12 , −19 > .
2𝑢
Exercise 2:
Solution to Exercise 2:
1) Things to do: To perform vector addition of the two desired vectors, we first find the component forms of the two vectors.
Identify which point is the initial point and which point is the terminal point of the concerned vector. In this exercise, for the
vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝐴𝐵 , the point 𝐴 is the initial point and point 𝐵 is the terminal point. So their component forms are
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝐴𝐵 =< 𝟐 − 1 , 𝟎 − (−1) >=< 1 , 1 > 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝐶𝐷 =< −𝟐 − (−1) , 𝟐 − 3 >=< −1 , −1 > .
2) Things to do: Use the computed component form to perform vector addition.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝐴𝐵 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝐶𝐷 =< 1 ,1 > +< −1 , −1 >=< 1 + (−1) ,1 + (−1) >=< 0 ,0 > .
Exercise 3:
a) ⃗⃑ .
Find a vector of magnitude 7 in the direction of 𝑣⃑ = 12𝑖⃑ − 5𝑘
1 1 1
⃗⃑ .
b) Find a vector of magnitude 3 in the direction opposite to direction of 𝑣⃑ = ( ) 𝑖⃑ − ( ) 𝑗⃑ − ( )𝑘
2 2 2
Solution to Exercise 3:
a) Things to do: Compute the length of the given vector 𝑣⃑ . Then divide it by its length to make a unit vector having the
𝑣⃗⃑ 1
same direction as 𝑣⃑ . In part a), we obtain the unit vector = ⃗⃑ ) = (12) 𝑖⃑ − ( 5 ) 𝑘
(12𝑖⃑ − 5𝑘 ⃗⃑ .
|𝑣⃗⃑| √(12)2 +(−5)2 13 13
b) Things to do: To obtain the desired vector, multiply the unit vector obtain in part a) by the given magnitude. In part a),
𝑣⃗⃑ 84 35
⃗⃑ .
the desired vector is given by 7 (|𝑣⃗⃑|) = ( ) 𝑖⃑ − ( ) 𝑘
13 13
Exercise 4:
Given that three vectors 𝑢 ⃗⃑ , 𝑣⃑ and 𝑤⃗⃗⃑ which have the same length
(magnitude). They are positioned in the picture shown on the right hand side.
⃗⃑
𝒗 120°
Copy vectors 𝑢 ⃗⃑ , 𝑣⃑ and 𝑤
⃗⃗⃑ head to tail as needed to sketch the indicated
vectors as follows: 120° ⃗⃑
𝒖
1) 𝑢
⃗⃑ − 𝑣⃑ ,
2) 𝑢
⃗⃑ − 𝑣⃑ + 𝑤
⃗⃗⃑ , ⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝒘 120°
3) 𝑢
⃗⃑ + 𝑣⃑ + 𝑤
⃗⃗⃑ .
Solution to Exercise 4 part 2): Solution to Exercise 4 part 2): Solution to Exercise 4 part 3):
⃗⃑
𝒗 ⃗⃑
𝒗
⃗⃑
𝒖 ⃗⃑
𝒖 ⃗⃑
𝒗 ⃗⃑ + 𝒗
𝒖 ⃗⃑ ⃗⃑
𝒗
⃗⃑
−𝒗 ⃗⃑
−𝒗 ⃗⃑
𝒖
⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝒘 ⃗⃑ − 𝒗
𝒖 ⃗⃑ ⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝒘 ⃗⃑ − 𝒗
𝒖 ⃗⃑
⃗⃑ − 𝒗
𝒖 ⃗⃑ + 𝒘
⃗⃗⃗⃑ ⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝒘 ⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝒘
𝑢
⃗⃑ + 𝑣⃑ + 𝑤 ⃗⃑
⃗⃗⃑ = 0
Exercise 5: 𝒛
𝐶(1,1,3)
Find the coordinates of the center of gravity of the triangle shown on the
right side.
Solution to Exercise 5:
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡(𝐶 , 𝑃) 𝟐
= .
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡(𝐶 , 𝑀) 𝟑
𝐵(1,3,0) 𝒚
1) Things to do: Find the coordinates of the mid-point 𝑀 of the line
𝒙 𝐴(4,2,0)
segment 𝐴𝐵 by using the mid-point formula. In this example, we find