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Test Method: Chromatic Adaptation

The CRI is calculated by comparing the color rendering of a test light source to a reference black body radiator or daylight source. To calculate the CRI: 1. The chromaticity coordinates of the test source are found and its correlated color temperature is determined. 2. Eight standard color samples are illuminated by both the test and reference sources. Their chromaticity coordinates are measured and chromatic adaptation is performed. 3. The color difference between each sample under the test and reference sources is calculated. 4. The special CRI values are averaged to obtain the general CRI (Ra) on a scale of 0-100, with a higher score indicating better color rendering ability.

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94 views4 pages

Test Method: Chromatic Adaptation

The CRI is calculated by comparing the color rendering of a test light source to a reference black body radiator or daylight source. To calculate the CRI: 1. The chromaticity coordinates of the test source are found and its correlated color temperature is determined. 2. Eight standard color samples are illuminated by both the test and reference sources. Their chromaticity coordinates are measured and chromatic adaptation is performed. 3. The color difference between each sample under the test and reference sources is calculated. 4. The special CRI values are averaged to obtain the general CRI (Ra) on a scale of 0-100, with a higher score indicating better color rendering ability.

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islam hammad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CRI

Test method
The CRI is calculated by comparing the color rendering of the test
source to that of a "perfect" source which is a black body radiator for
sources with correlated color temperatures under 5000 K, and a phase
of daylight otherwise (e.g. D65). Chromatic adaptation should be
performed so that like quantities are compared. The Test Method (also
called Test Sample Method or Test Color Method) needs
only colorimetric, rather than spectrophotometric, information.[5][12]

1. Using the 2° standard observer, find the chromaticity co-


ordinates of the test source in the CIE 1960 color space.[13]
2. Determine the correlated color temperature (CCT) of the test source by finding the closest point to
the Planckian locus on the (u,v) chromaticity diagram.
3. If the test source has a CCT<5000 K, use a black body for reference, otherwise use CIE standard
illuminant D. Both sources should have the same CCT.
4. Ensure that the chromaticity distance (DC) of the test source to the Planckian locus is under
5.4×10−3 in the CIE 1960 UCS. This ensures the meaningfulness of the result, as the CRI is only
defined for light sources that are approximately white.

[14]
 
5. Illuminate the first eight standard samples, from the fifteen listed below, alternately using both sources.
6. Using the 2° standard observer, find the co-ordinates of the light reflected by each sample in the CIE
1964 color space.
7. Chromatically adapt each sample by a von Kries transform.
8. For each sample, calculate the Euclidean distance   between the pair of co-ordinates.
[15][16]
9. Calculate the special (i.e., particular) CRI using the formula 
10. Find the general CRI (Ra) by calculating the arithmetic mean of the special CRIs.

Note that the last three steps are equivalent to finding the mean color difference,   and using that to
calculate  :

Chromatic adaptation[edit]

CIE (1995) uses this von Kries chromatic transform equation to find the corresponding color (uc,i,vc,i) for
each sample. The mixed subscripts (t,i) refer to the inner product of the test illuminant spectrum and the
spectral reflexivity of sample i:
where subscripts r and t refer to reference and test light sources, respectively.

Test color samples[edit]


Name Appr. Munsell Appearance under daylight Swatch

TCS01 7,5 R 6/4 Light greyish red

TCS02 5 Y 6/4 Dark greyish yellow

TCS03 5 GY 6/8 Strong yellow green

TCS04 2,5 G 6/6 Moderate yellowish green

TCS05 10 BG 6/4 Light bluish green

TCS06 5 PB 6/8 Light blue

TCS07 2,5 P 6/8 Light violet

TCS08 10 P 6/8 Light reddish purple

TCS09 4,5 R 4/13 Strong red

TCS10 5 Y 8/10 Strong yellow

TCS11 4,5 G 5/8 Strong green

TCS12 3 PB 3/11 Strong blue

TCS13 5 YR 8/4 Light yellowish pink

TCS14 5 GY 4/4 Moderate olive green (leaf)

As specified in CIE (1995), the original test color samples


(TCS) are taken from an early edition of the Munsell Atlas.
The first eight samples, a subset of the eighteen proposed
in Nickerson (1960), are relatively low saturated colors
and are evenly distributed over the complete range of
hues.[17] These eight samples are employed to calculate
the general color rendering index  . The last six
samples provide supplementary information about the
color rendering properties of the light source; the first four
for high saturation, and the last two as representatives of
well-known objects. The reflectance spectra of these
samples may be found in CIE (2004),[18] and their
approximate Munsell notations are listed aside.[19]

CCT
Categorizing different lighting
Temperature Source

1,700 K Match flame

1,850 K Candle flame, sunset/sunrise

2,700–3,300 K Incandescent lamps

3,000 K Soft (or Warm) White compact fluorescent lamps

3,200 K Studio lamps, photofloods, etc.

3,350 K Studio "CP" light

4,100–4,150 K Moonlight[2]

5,000 K Horizon daylight

tubular fluorescent lamps or


5,000 K
cool white/daylight compact fluorescent lamps (CFL)

5,500–6,000 K Vertical daylight, electronic flash

6,200 K Xenon short-arc lamp[3]

6,500 K Daylight, overcast

6,500–10,500 K LCD or CRT screen

15,000–27,000 K Clear blue poleward sky

These temperatures are merely characteristic;


considerable variation may be present.
The black-body radiance (Bλ) vs. wavelength (λ) curves for the visible spectrum. Vertical axes of Planck's law plots building this
animation were proportionally transformed to keep equal areas between functions and horizontal axis for wavelengths 380-780
nm.

The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal black body is defined as its
surface temperature in kelvin, or alternatively in mired (micro-reciprocal kelvin).[4] This permits the definition of
a standard by which light sources are compared.

To the extent that a hot surface emits thermal radiation but is not an ideal black body radiator, the color
temperature of the light is not the actual temperature of the surface. An incandescent lamp's light is thermal
radiation and the bulb approximates an ideal black body radiator, so its color temperature is essentially the
temperature of the filament.

Many other light sources, such as fluorescent lamps, or LED's (light emitting diodes) emit light primarily by
processes other than thermal radiation. This means the emitted radiation does not follow the form of a black
body spectrum. These sources are assigned what is known as a correlated color temperature (CCT). CCT is
the color temperature of a black body radiator which to human color perception most closely matches the light
from the lamp. Because such an approximation is not required for incandescent light, the CCT for an
incandescent light is simply its unadjusted temperature, derived from the comparison to a black body radiator.

The Sun[edit]
The Sun closely approximates a black body radiator. The effective temperature, defined by the total radiative
power per square unit, is about 5,780 K.[5] The color temperature of sunlight above the atmosphere is about
5,900 K.[6]

As the Sun crosses the sky, it may appear to be red, orange, yellow or white depending on its position. The
changing color of the sun over the course of the day is mainly a result of scattering of light, and is not due to
changes in black body radiation. The blue color of the sky is caused by Rayleigh scattering of the sunlight from
the atmosphere, which tends to scatter blue light more than red light.

Daylight has a spectrum similar to that of a black body with a correlated color temperature of 6,500 K
(D65 viewing standard) or 5,500 K (daylight-balanced photographic film standard).

Hues of the Planckian locus, in the mired scale.

For colors based on black body theory, blue occurs at higher temperatures, while red occurs at lower, cooler,
temperatures. This is the opposite of the cultural associations attributed to colors, in which "red" is "hot", and
"blue" is "cold".[7]

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