ALGEBRA

1. Evaluate √−5(√−6)
√−5√−6 = √5𝑖√6𝑖 = √30𝑖 2 = −√𝟑𝟎
2. Simplify (1 + i)7
𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
𝑧 = 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)
1 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃
1 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
1
1= sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃
tan−1 (tan 𝜃) = 1
𝜋
𝜃=
4
𝑟 = √2
𝑛 (cos
𝑧=𝑟 𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝑛𝜃)
7 7𝜋 7𝜋
𝑧 = √2 (cos + 𝑖 sin )
4 4
𝒛 = 𝟖 − 𝟖𝒊
3. What is the GCF of 108 and 60
108: 54,2 ∶ 27,2 ∶ 9,3 ∶ 3,3
60: 30,2 ∶ 15,2 ∶ 5,3
𝐺𝐶𝐹 = 2 ∗ 2 ∗ 3 = 𝟏𝟐
4. The orange bulbs of a light flash every 8 seconds, the red bulbs flash every 9 seconds and the green bulbs
flash every 10 seconds. If they all start flashing together, in every how many seconds will they flash
simultaneously together again?
8: 2,2,2
9: 3,3
10: 5,2
𝐿𝐶𝑀 = 23 ∗ 32 ∗ 5 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎

5. Solve for x: x = √1 − √1 − √1 − … . .

𝑥 = √1 − √1 − √1 − … . .

𝑥 = √1 − 𝑥
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 solve by quadratic equation
−𝟏 ± √𝟓
𝒙=
...
𝟐
𝑥𝑥.
6. Solve for x: 𝑥 𝑥 = 10
...
𝑥𝑥.
𝑥𝑥 = 10
𝑥 10 = 10
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
7. Solve the inequality: (3x -2) ≤ (5x-12)
(3𝑥 − 2) ≤ (5𝑥 − 12)
3𝑥 − 5𝑥 = −12 + 2
−2𝑥 = −10
𝒙≥𝟓
 8. What is the remainder if the polynomial 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 is divided by (x-2)?
3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 (𝑥 − 2)
2| 3 2 − 4 1 4
_________6_____16____24___50_____
3 8 12 25 𝟓𝟒
3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 25 𝑟. 𝟓𝟒
9. If (x + 4) is a factor of x + 2x – 7x + k, what is the value of k?
3 2

x 3 + 2x 2 – 7x + k = 0
𝑥 = −4
(−4)3 + 2(−4)2 – 7(−4) + k = 0
𝒌=𝟒
10. If one root of 9x2 – 6x + k = 0 exceeds the other by 2, find the value of k.
−𝑏
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠: 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 =
𝑎
𝑐
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠: 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
𝑎
9𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0
𝑥1 = 𝑥, 𝑥2 = 𝑥 + 2
6
𝑥 + (𝑥 + 2) =
9
−2
𝑥=
3
−2 2 −2
9( ) – 6( ) + 𝑘 = 0
3 3
𝒌 = −𝟖
Alternate Solution:
9(𝑥 + 2)2 – 6(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑘 = 0
9𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 36 – 6𝑥 − 12 + 𝑘 = 0
9𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 24 + 𝑘 = 0
9𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 24 − 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 0
−2
𝑥=
3
𝒌 = −𝟖
11. What is the term free of x of the expansion (2x – 5y)4?
(2x – 5y)4 , 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 – that means that x0
𝑟 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 (𝑥)𝑛−(𝑟−1) (𝑦)𝑟−1
4 − (𝑟 − 1) = 0
𝑟=5
4𝐶4 (𝑥)4−4 (𝑦)4
4𝐶4 (2𝑥)4−4 (−5𝑦)4
𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟒
12. In the expansion of (x+4y) , the numerical coefficient of the 5th term is?
12

(x + 4y)12 , 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 5𝑡ℎ term

5 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓 = 12𝐶5−1 (1)12−(5−1) (4)5−1
𝑡ℎ

𝟓𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔, 𝟕𝟐𝟎

13. Mary is 24 years old. Mary is twice as old as Anna was when Mary was as old as Anna is now. How old is
Anna now?

Now Then
Mary 24 A
Anna A 12
24 − 𝐴 = 𝐴 − 12
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒚. 𝒐
14. The age of Diophantus, a Greek mathematician may be calculated from the epitaph which reads as follows:
“Diophantus passed 1/6 of his life in childhood, 1/12 in youth, 1/7 as a bachelor. Five years after his
marriage was born a son who died 4 years before his father at half his father’s final age.” How old was
Diophantus when he died?
1 1 1 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5 + 4 + 𝑥
6 12 7 2
𝒙 = 𝟖𝟒 𝒚. 𝒐.
15. If an alloy containing 30% silver is mixed with a 55 % silver alloy to get 800 pounds of 40% silver alloy,
how much of the 30 % silver alloy must be used?

0.30𝑥 + 0.55(800 − 𝑥) = 0.40(800)

𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝒍𝒃𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝟑𝟎% 𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒚

16. Twelve men can finish a job in 16 days. Five men were working together at the start and after 8days 3 men
were added. How many days will it take to finish the job?
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒(12)(16) = 1
1
𝑟=
192
1 1
1= (5)(8) + (8)(𝑡)
192 192
𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔
19 days were the days the 8 men, worked together, if the total number of days is asked, then,
𝟖 + 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟕 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔
17. Aldrich can paint a fence 50 % faster than Jeano and 20 % faster than Justin, and together they can paint at
a given fence in 4 hours. How long will it take Aldrich to paint the same fence if he had to work alone?
1 1 2 5
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = = + +
4 𝐴 3𝐴 6𝐴
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
18. The father can do a certain job in 9 days while his son can do the same job in 16 days. On a given day, they
started working together, but after four days the son left and the father finished the job alone. How many
more days did the father worked alone?
1 1 1
( + ) (4) + (𝑡 ) = 1
9 16 9
𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔
19. How many minutes after 7 o’ clock will the hands of the clock be
a. Together
b. Opposite to each other
c. At right angles with each other
Together: 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑥
𝑥 = 35 +
12
𝑥
𝑥 = 35 +
12
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒄
Opposite: 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 30𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑥
𝑥 + 30 = 35 +
12
𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏, 𝟐𝟕 𝒔𝒆𝒄
Right angle: 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 15𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑥
𝑥 + 15 = 35 +
12
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝟐𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏, 𝟒𝟗. 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄
20. Two turtles A and B start at the same time move towards each other at a distance of 150 m. The rate of
turtle A is 10 m/s while that of B is 20 m/s. A fly flies from one turtle to another at the same time that the
turtles start to move towards each other. The rate of fly is constant at 100 m/s. Determine the total distance
traveled by the fly when the two turtles met.
𝑑
𝑑 = 𝑣𝑡; 𝑣 =
𝑡
𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝑎 = 10 ; 𝑣𝑏 = 20
𝑠 𝑠
𝑑𝑎 + 𝑑𝑏 = 150𝑚
10𝑡 + 20𝑡 = 150𝑚
𝑡 = 5𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑 = 100(5) = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎
21. A motorboat has an average speed of 20 kph in still water. It can travel upstream 5 km against the river
current at the same time that it can travel downstream 7 km with the river current. What is the speed of the
current?
𝑡𝑢 = 𝑡𝑑
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑑
=
𝑣𝑢 𝑣𝑑
5 7
=
20 − 𝑣𝑐 20 + 𝑣𝑐
𝒗𝒄 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝒑𝒉
22. If 3 is subtracted from the numerator of a certain fraction, the value of the fraction becomes 3/5. If one is
subtracted from the denominator of the same fraction, the value of the fraction becomes 2/3. Find the
original fraction.
𝑛
= 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑑
𝑛−3 3
=
𝑑 5
 𝑛 2
=
𝑑−1 3
5(𝑛 − 3) = 3𝑑
5𝑛 − 15 = 3𝑑, eqn 1
3𝑛 = 2𝑑 − 2, eqn 2
𝒏 𝟑𝟔
=
𝒅 𝟓𝟓

23. A man sold half an egg more than half his eggs. He then sold half an egg more than his remaining eggs. He
did the same for the third time. If he had 7 eggs left, how many eggs he originally have?
To solve this problem, back-solve it
1
2 (7 + ) = 15
2
1
2 (15 + ) = 31
2
1
2 (31 + ) = 𝟔𝟑 𝒆𝒈𝒈𝒔
2
24. A building has 4 outside doors. In how many ways can a person enter and leave
a. By different door
𝑛 = 4 ∗ 3 = 𝟏𝟐
b. By any door
𝑛 = 4 ∗ 4 = 𝟏𝟔
25. In how many ways can you elect a mayor and a vice mayor from 3 mayor candidates and 4 vice mayor
candidates?
𝑛 = 3 ∗ 4 = 𝟏𝟐
26. Three cute girls rode a minibus with 6 vacant seats on each side. In how many ways can they be seated if
the most beautiful and hottest girl insists on sitting at the right side?
The girl is singular, so
𝑛 = 6 ∗ 11 ∗ 10 = 𝟔𝟔𝟎
Alternate Solution (if the most beautiful is not the hottest, e.g, “the most beautiful girl and the hottest
girl…”)
𝑛 = 6 ∗ 5 ∗ 10 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎
27. In how different ways can 4 persons be seated in consecutive seats in a row of 7 seats?
_______
PPPP___
_P P P P _ _ …
𝑛 = 4! ∗ 4 = 𝟗𝟔
28. In how many different orders can 7 books be arranged on a shelf if a certain 3-volume book is not to be
separated?
VVVABCD
AVVVBCD
ABVVVCD
BAVVVCD…
𝑛 = 3! ∗ 4! ∗ 5 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎
29. In how many ways can 5 single engineers and 4 beautiful nurses be arranged in a round table if the nurses
insisted to be seated side by side?
(𝑛 − 1)! 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑛 = (5 − 1)! ∗ 4! ∗ (6 − 1) = 𝟐, 𝟖𝟖𝟎
30. In how many ways can a committee of 3 men and 2 women be chosen from 7 men and 5 women?
𝑛!
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑛𝑃𝑟
(𝑛 − 𝑟 ) !
𝑛!
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑛𝐶𝑟
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛 = 7𝐶3 ∗ 5𝐶2 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎
31. If x varies as y and inversely as z and x = 14 when y=7 and z=2. Find the value of x when y=16 and z=4.
𝑓 (𝑥 ) ∝ 𝑥; 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥
1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) ∝ ; 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥
𝑘
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝑥
𝑦
𝑥∝
𝑧
𝑦
𝑥=𝑘×
𝑧
7
14 = 𝑘 ∗
2
 𝑘=4
16
𝑥 =4∗ = 𝟏𝟔
4
32. In a class of 40 students, 27 like calculus and 25 like chemistry. How many like both calculus and
chemistry?

40
27-x x 25-x

40 = (27 − 𝑥 ) + 𝑥 + (25 − 𝑥)
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
33. The 6 term of AP is 3 and the 23 term is 54. Find the 35th term.
th rd

n an
6 3
23 54
35 a35
𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑑
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 + ( 𝑛 − 𝑚 ) 𝑑
3 = 54 + (23 − 6)𝑑
𝑑=3
𝑎35 = 3 + (35 − 6)(3)
𝒂𝟑𝟓 = 𝟗𝟎
34. How many terms in the expression 3, 5, 7 must be taken in order that their sum will be 2600.
𝑛
𝑆 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2
𝑛
𝑆 = (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)(𝑑))
2
𝑛
2600 = (2(3) + (𝑛 − 1)(2))
2
𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎
35. If the 4 term of GP is 8 and the 7 term is 1, find the 2nd term.
th th

n an
4 8
7 1
2 a2
𝑎2 𝑎𝑛+1 𝑎𝑛
𝑟= = =
𝑎1 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑟 𝑛−𝑚
𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟)𝑛
𝑆=
1−𝑟
1 = 8𝑟 7−4
1
= 𝑟3
8
1
𝑟=
2
12−4
𝑎2 = 8 ∗ = 𝟑𝟐
2
36. A friend on a strict diet loss 18 pounds in 2 months, 12 pounds in the next 2 months 8 pounds in the next
two months and so on for a long time. If the friend initially weighs 190 lbs, what will be the resulting
weight?
𝑎1
𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
18 3 3
𝑟= = ; 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒 > 1, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑑)
12 2 2
18
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 190 − = 190 − 36 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝒍𝒃𝒔
3
1−
2
37. The 2nd and the 4th term of a HP are 4/5 and -4. Find the 5th term.
n HP AP
2 4/5 5/4
4 -4 -1/4
5 -1 -1
1 5
− = + (4 − 2)(𝑑)
4 4
3
𝑑=−
4
 5 3
𝑎5 = + (5 − 2) (− ) = −𝟏, 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 − 1
4 4

STATISTICS

1. Find the median of the set of numbers 2, 3, 9, 25, 10, 13, 6, 6, 7

𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚, 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
2, 3, 6, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 25
𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 = 𝟕
2. Find the median of the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 35, 46
4+8
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = =𝟔
2
3. Find the mode of the set of numbers 2, 3, 9, 25, 10, 13, 6, 6, 7
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝟔
4. Find the mean of the following scores 8, 10, 9, 6, 4, 7, 5, 8
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠
8 + 10 + 9 + 6 + 4 + 7 + 5 + 8
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟐𝟓
8
5. What is the standard deviation of the set of numbers 2, 4, 4, 5, 7, 8?
∑(𝑥 − 𝑚)2
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉 =
𝑛
𝜎 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = √𝑉
Where: x – the data
m – mean
n – number of scores
(2 − 5) 2 + (4 − 5 )2 + (4 − 5 )2 + ( 7 − 5)2 + (8 − 5 )2
𝑉= =4
6
𝜎 = √4 = 𝟐
6. What is the range of the set of numbers 2, 4, 4, 5, 7, 8?
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝟔

PROBABILITY

7. In tossing a dice what is the probability of getting an even number?

𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝟑
𝑷 = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎
𝟔
8. An urn contains 5 white, 3 black, 2 red balls. In getting one ball, what is the probability that it is not red?
2
𝑃 = 1− = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎
10
9. If one card is drawn from a standard pack of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing an ace or
a heart card?
4 13 1 𝟒
𝑃= + − =
52 52 52 𝟏𝟑
10. An urn contains 3 white balls and 1 black ball. Determine the probability of drawing white balls in
succession from the urn without replacing the ball after each drawing.
3 2
𝑃 = ∗ = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎
4 3
11. A class has 12 boys and 4 girls. If three students are selected at random from the class, what is the
probability that they are all boys?
12 11 10 11
𝑃= ∗ ∗ =
16 15 14 28
12. On a shooting practice, the probability of the three trainee cops to hit the target is 30%, 40 % and 45%
respectively. If each fired their guns aiming to the target, what is the probability that only one cop hit the
target?
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑝2 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑝3
30 60 55 70 40 55 70 60 45
𝑃=( ∗ ∗ )+( ∗ ∗ )+( ∗ ∗ ) = 0.442
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
𝑃 = 0.099 + 0.154 + 0.189
0.099
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑝1 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑡: 𝑃 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟒
0.442
13. A coin is tossed 10 times. What is the probability of getting head exactly 6 times?
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑃 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 (𝑝)𝑟 (𝑞)𝑛−𝑟
Where: p = probability of success
q = probability of failure
n = number of times
 1 6 1 4 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝑃 = 10𝐶6 ( ) ( ) =
2 2 𝟓𝟏𝟐
14. In a dice game, the player wins 10 pesos if he rolls either 1 or 6. He losses 5 pesos if he turns up any other
face. What is the expected winning for one roll of the die?
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 = 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
2 4
𝑝 = 10 ( ) − 5 ( ) = 𝟎
6 6

TRIGONOMETRY

1. Convert 100 grads to radians, revolutions, mils and degrees.

1 𝑟𝑒𝑣 = 360º = 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 400 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 400 𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 6,400𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑠
2𝜋𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝝅 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑠
100 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 ∗ ( ) = 𝒓𝒂𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒓𝒆𝒗 = 𝟗𝟎º (6400 ) = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒔
400𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝟐 360º
2. If the supplement of an angle is 5/2 of its complement, find the value of the angle.
𝜃𝑐 + 𝜃 = 90º
𝜃𝑠 + 𝜃 = 180º
5
𝜃𝑠 = 𝜃𝑐
2
−1: 𝜃𝑐 + 𝜃 = 90º
5
2: 𝜃 + 𝜃 = 180º
2 𝑐
3
𝜃 = 90º
2 𝑐
𝜃𝑐 = 60º
𝜽 = 𝟑𝟎º
3. A vertical pole 8 ft tall cast a shadow 5 ft long on level ground. Find the angle which the rays of the sun
make with the horizontal.
8
tan 𝜃 =
5
−1
8
𝜃 = tan
5
𝜽 = 𝟓𝟖º

4. A boat which can travel at the rate of 4 mph in still water and
pointed directly across a stream having a current of 3 mph.
What will be the actual speed of the boat?

ℎ = √32 + 42 = 𝟓𝒎𝒑𝒉

5. At certain point, the angle of elevation of the top of a flagpole, which stands on level ground is 35 deg.
Seventy-five feet nearer the pole, the angle of elevation is 50 deg. How high is the pole?
ℎ
tan 50º =
𝑥
ℎ
tan 35º =
75 + 𝑥
Solving for x:
ℎ = 𝑥 tan 50º , 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞. 2
𝑥 tan 50º
tan 35º =
75 + 𝑥
𝑥 = 106.84 𝑓𝑡
ℎ = 106.84 tan 50º = 𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝒇𝒕
6. In which quadrant will angle A terminate if sec A is positive and csc A is negative?
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 = +, 𝑄4, 𝑄1
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝐴 = −, 𝑄3, 𝑄4
Therefore, Angle A is at Q4
7. If sin A = 3/5 and A is in the second quadrant while cos B = 7/25 and B is in the first quadrant, find
sin(A+B).
sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1
1 + cot 2 𝜃 = csc 2 𝜃
tan2 𝜃 + 1 = sec 2 𝜃

sin(𝐴 ± 𝐵) = sin(𝐴) cos(𝐵) ± cos(𝐴) sin(𝐵)

cos(𝐴 ± 𝐵) = cos(𝐴) cos(𝐵) ∓ sin(𝐴) sin(𝐵)
tan(𝐴) ± tan(𝐵)
tan(𝐴 ± 𝐵) =
1 ∓ tan(𝐴) tan(𝐵)

sin(2𝐴) = 2 sin(𝐴) cos(𝐴)

cos(2𝐴) = cos 2 (𝐴) − sin2 (𝐴)
2 tan 𝐴
tan(2𝐴) =
1 − tan2 𝐴

3
sin 𝐴 = ; 𝑄2
5
7
cos 𝐵 = ; 𝑄1
25
sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin(𝐴) cos(𝐵) + cos(𝐴) sin(𝐵)
3 7 4 24
sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = ∗ + (− ) ∗
5 25 5 25
𝟑
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 + 𝑩) = −
𝟓
8. A pole cast a shadow 15 m long when the
angle of elevation of the sun is 61 deg. If
the pole is leaned 15 deg from the vertical
directly towards the sun, determine the
length of the pole.
𝛽 = 180º − 61º − (90º + 15º) = 14º
ℎ 15
=
sin 61º sin 14º
𝒉 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟐𝟑 𝒎
Cosine Law:
𝑎2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴
𝑏2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
9. Find the area of a circle circumscribing an equilateral triangle having
each side measuring 10 cm.
sin 120º sin 30º
=
10 𝑟
10√3
𝑟= 𝑐𝑚
3
2
10√3
𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋
3
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝝅
𝑨= 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟑
10. Find the area of the largest circular garden which can be made from a triangular lot measuring 5, 7 and 10
m, respectively.

Triangle inscribed in a circle:

𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐴=
4𝑟
Triangle circumscribing a circle:
𝐴 = 𝑟𝑠
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑠=
2
Heron’s formula:
𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)

5 + 7 + 10
𝑠= = 11
2
𝐴𝑡 = √11(11 − 5)(11 − 7)(11 − 10)
𝐴𝑡 = 2√66
2√66 = 𝑟(11)
 2√66
𝑟= 𝑚
11

𝟐𝟒𝝅 𝟐
𝑨𝒄 = 𝝅(𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟕𝟐 ) = 𝒎
𝟏𝟏

11. An oblique isosceles triangle inscribed in a circle. If one side of the

triangle has a length of 5 cm and the angle subtended by the side is
15 deg, determine the area of the circle.
2.5
sin 15º =
𝑟
𝑟 = 9.66 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 = 𝜋(9.66)2 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑. 𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟐

12. Solve the other side c of the spherical triangle whose given parts are a= 72 deg 27 min; b = 61 deg 49 min
and C = 90 deg.

Sin-tan-ad rule: the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the tangent of the adjacent sides

Choose a as middle part (adjacent parts base from Napier’s Circle)

sin 𝑎 = tan 𝐵𝑐 tan 𝑏
sin 𝑎 = cot 𝐵 tan 𝑏

Sin-cos-opp rule: the cosine of the middle part is equal to the product of the cosine of the opposite sides
Choose a as middle part (opposite parts base from Napier’s Circle)
sin 𝑎 = cos 𝑐 𝑐 cos 𝐴𝑐
sin 𝑎 = sin 𝑐 sin 𝐴

For the problem, since a and b are given, choose c as middle part and use sin-cos-opp rule
sin 𝑐 𝑐 = cos a cos 𝑏
cos 𝑐 = cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏
cos 𝑎 = cos( 72º27′) cos (61º49′)
𝒂 = 𝟖𝟏º𝟒𝟖′ 𝟒𝟓′′