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Technical Math 2 (Final Preparation For Exam)

1. The document provides rules and examples for evaluating indefinite integrals of various functions, including polynomials, trigonometric functions, exponential functions, and reciprocal functions. 2. Key rules covered include using properties of integrals to evaluate integrals of sums and constants times functions, and using differentiation to find antiderivatives of powers, trig functions, and exponential functions with a single term in the exponent. 3. Several examples demonstrate applying the rules to evaluate integrals of combinations of polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, and reciprocal functions.

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hafiz zahari
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
243 views10 pages

Technical Math 2 (Final Preparation For Exam)

1. The document provides rules and examples for evaluating indefinite integrals of various functions, including polynomials, trigonometric functions, exponential functions, and reciprocal functions. 2. Key rules covered include using properties of integrals to evaluate integrals of sums and constants times functions, and using differentiation to find antiderivatives of powers, trig functions, and exponential functions with a single term in the exponent. 3. Several examples demonstrate applying the rules to evaluate integrals of combinations of polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, and reciprocal functions.

Uploaded by

hafiz zahari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan

Basic Rule
1.∫ mdx=mx+c

Example
∫−7 dx=−7 x+ c
4 4
∫ 5 dx = 5 x +c

2.∫ xn dx=¿ ¿ ¿

Example
1 −7 x −7+1
∫ x 7 dx → ∫ x = −7+1 +c
5
5 +1
3 5 x3
∫ √ x dx →∫ x = 5 +c 3

+1
3

−9 x−9+1
∫ x dx= −9+1
+c

3.∫ xn dx=¿ ¿ ¿ Diffrentiate

(2−5 x )−4 +1
∫ (2−51 x)4 dx →∫ (2−5 x )−4 = −5 (−4 +1) +c

∫¿¿

Properties of Integrals
d .∫ ¿¿ ¿
1.∫ [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ] dx=∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx
1
4∫
¿¿
2.∫ kf (x )dx =k ∫ f ( x ) dx
1
¿
4
Example 1
¿
4
1
¿
4
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan
x7 x3
(
a ¿ ∫ 11 x+
2) dx → 11∫ x +∫ dx
2

x 1+1 x 7 +1
11 [ ]
+
1+1 2(7+ 1)
+c

x2 x8
11 ( )
+ +c
2 16

x2 x8
11 + +c
2 16

2 x 3−4 2 x3 4 Kalau jumpa fraction ada constant per


b ¿∫ ( x3
dx → )
∫ − dx
x3 x3 dengan expression ada power tapi dia
takde constant pakai cmf
4 4 1
∫ 2−∫ x 3 dx →∫ 2− 1 ∫ x 3 dx Nanti jadi mcm tu
macam tu
x−3+1 x −2 2.∫ kf (x )d =k ∫ f ( x ) dx
2 x−4 [ −3+ 1 ]
dx →2 x−4
−2 [ ]
x−2 1 2
2 x+2 ( ) 1 ( )
→2 x +2 2 → 2 x + 2 +c ¿
x x ( )
5 5
3 3 3 1
(
c ¿∫ 4 √ x5 +5 x−
x 2 )
dx → 4 ∫ x 3 +5 ∫ x− ∫ 2 dx → 4 ∫ x 3 +5∫ x−3∫ x−2
1 x
5 8

[ ][
+1

()()
1+1
3
x2 3
−2+1
x x x x x−1
4
5
+1
+5
1+1
−3
−2+1 ] [
+c → 4
8
+5
2
−3
−1 ] ( )
3 3

x 83 3 5 x2 x−1 3 x 83 5 x 2 x−1 12 x 83 5 x2 x−1


4 ( 1
× +
8 2 )
−3
−1
→4
8 ( ) ( )
+
2
−3
−1

8
+
2
+3 ( )
1 ( )
12 x 38 5 x 2 1 12 x 83 5 x 2 3 3 x 83 5 x2 3
8
+
2
+3 1 →
x 8
+ ( )
2 x
+ →
2
+
2 x
+ +c ¿

Trigonometric Function (Function Trig sahaja diffrentiate yang lain intergrate)


Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan

Example Tengok formula sec , tan bila tukar dapat apa

a ¿ ∫ ( sec (4 θ) ¿ tan( 4 θ)+3 θ)dθ ¿

Differentiate Dapat ni
1+1
sec ( 4 θ) 3 θ
+ +c
4 1+ 1

1 3θ 2
sec ( 4 θ)+ ++c
4 2

b ¿ ∫ ( csc 2 (5 x)¿−2)dx ¿

−cot ⁡( 5 x )
−2 x +c
5

c ¿∫ sin ⁡(3 x +1)dx

−cos ⁡(3 x+1) 1


+ c →− cos ( 3 x +1 ) +c
3 3

d ¿∫ (9−sec ( 2 x ) tan(2 x))dx

∫ 9−∫ sec ( 2 x ) tan(2 x)dx


sec ( 2 x ) 1
9 x− → 9 x− sec ( 2 x )+ c ¿
2 2

Exponential Function (apa yang ada “e” power dia sahaja kena diffrentiate )
f ( x) e f (x)
∫e dx =
f ' ( x)
+c
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan

Example
2 Differentiate “t” dapat 1
a ¿ ∫ ( et + t) dt
3

2 2 e t t 1+1 2 t2
3
∫ e t +∫ t dt → +[]
3 1 1+1 3
→ et + + c ¿
2

5
b ¿∫ dx
e5 x

5 1 5 e−5 x e−5 x

1 e5 x
dx →
1
∫ e−5 x
dx → 5
5
→ [ ]
1
→e−5 x + c

No tu dia bawak turun bawah


3
c ¿∫
( 5e 2x )
−2 e 2 x dx
Jadi macam ni

3 1 5 e−2 x e2 x 1 3

1 5e 2x
−¿ 2 ∫ e 2x
dx →3
−2 [ ] [ ] (
− 2
2
→3 −2 x
−2 ( 5 e ) 10 )
−e 2 x →− e−2 x −e2 x + c ¿

2 e 4 x−5
d ¿∫ dx
3

2 e 4 x−5 2 e 4 x−5 2 e 4 x−5 1 4 x−5


3
∫ 1
dx →
3 4 [ ]

12
→ e
6
+c¿

e ¿∫ (8 e 2 x+3−e 4 x )dx

e 2 x+3 e4 x 1
8 ∫ e 2 x+3 −∫ e 4 x dx → 8 [ ]( )
2

4
→ 4 e 2 x+3− e4 x +c ¿
4

2 e 4 x+1
f ¿∫ dx 2x ni boleh tolakkan dengan 4x +1
e2 x
Jadi macam ni
2 e4 x+1 2 2 e 2 x+1
1
∫ e2x
dx →
1
∫ e4 x+1 (−2 x)
dx →
1
∫ e2 x+1
dx →2
2 [ ]
→ e 2 x+1 +c 3

Reciprocal Function
1 ¿ ax +b∨¿
∫ ax +b dx=ln d
+C ¿
(ax +b)
dx
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan

Diffentiate x

6 6 ln x
a ¿ ∫ dx → +c → 6 ln x +c
x 1

Diffentiate x dapat 1

3 3 ln ⁡(6 t−5) 1
b ¿∫ dt → + c → ln ( 6 t−5 ) +c
6 t−5 6 2

2 2 ln ⁡(3 x) 2
c ¿∫ dx → +c → ln ( 3 ) +c
3x 3 3

7 7 ln ⁡(x+1)
d ¿∫ dx → + c → 7 ln ( x+1 ) +c
x +1 1

1 1 ln ( 6 t ) t 2+1 1
e ¿∫
6t
+3 t 2 dt →∫ +3∫ t 2 →
6t 6
+3
2+1[ ]+ c → ( 6 t )+ t 3 +c
6

1 1 ln ( 6 t ) t 2+1 1
6t
2
6t
2
e ¿∫ +3 t dt →∫ +3∫ t →
6
+3
2+1 6[ ] 3
+ c → ( 6 t )+ t +c

4 4 4 ln ⁡(8 x−2) e2 x 1
h ¿∫
8 x −2
+2 e 2 x dx →∫
8 x−2
+2∫ e2 x dx →
8
+2
2 [ ]
→ ( 8 x−2 )+ e2 x + c
2

Integrating product and quotient


du
∫ f ( x ) dx=∫ g ( u ) dx dx
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan
¿ ∫ g ( u ) du

¿ G (u ) + C

Example
2
∫ ( x 39+2)
x
10
dx

Let u=x 3+2


Diffrentiate

du du
=3 x 2 → 2 =dx Salin balik
dx 3x
Dia akan jadi macam ni

9 x2 9 x 2 du
∫ ( x 3 +2)10 dx=∫ (u)10 ∙ 3 x 2

Tukar jadi (u)

9 x2 du 3 x2 du
∫ (u)10 ∙ 3 x 2 →∫ (u)10 ∙ 1 x 2 →∫ (u)3 10 ∙ du
1
−10
→∫ 3 (u)−10 ∙ du →3 ∫ ( u ) ∙ du

u−10+1 u−9 1 1
3 [ −10+1 ] ( ) (
→3
−9
→3
−9(u)9
→−
)
3(u)9
+c

−1 1
9
+c →− 9
+c ¿ Tada dah dapat jawapan
3
3 (u ) 3 ( x +2 )

Gantikan u dengan x} ^ {3} +2 ¿

Log Algebraic Exponential


Integration by parts
∫ u dv =uv−∫ v du L I A T E∨L I A E T
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan

Inversere Trignometric
Trignometric

Example

∫ e x cos x dx LI A T E

Kita pilih yang ni jadi “u” melalui turutan L.I.A.TE.


cos x lagi senang nak pecahkan dari e^x
x
u=cos x dv=e
Diffrentiate Integrate

−sin ⁡(x ) ex x
du= =−sin ⁡( x )v= =e
1 1

∫ u dv =uv−∫ v du
∫ cos x e x =cos x e x −∫ e x −sin ⁡(x)
∫ cos x e x=cos x e x−¿ e x −cos( x )

∫ x 2 e x dx
u=x2 dv=e x ∫ x √ x −1dx
ex x u=x dv= √ x−1 → ¿
du=2 x v = =e
1
du=1 v=¿ ¿
∫ u dv =uv−∫ v du
2 x 2 x x
∫ u dv =uv−∫ v du
∫x e =x e −∫ e 2 x dx
∫x ¿¿
2
¿ x∙ ¿
3
2
¿ x∙ ¿
3
2
¿ x∙ ¿
3
2
¿ x∙ ¿
3

Integration by Partial fractions


2
x + 4 x+1
∫ ( x −1)(x dx
+1)( x+3)

x 2 +4 x +1 x 2+ 4 x +1
=
(x−1)( x+ 1)(x +3) ( x−1)( x+1)( x +3)
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan
A B C
¿ + +
( x−1) (x +1) ( x +3)

x 2+ 4 x +1= A ( x−1 ) ( x+ 3 ) +B ( x−1 ) ( x+ 3 ) +C(x−1)( x +1)


A ¿ x−1=0 → x=1 B ¿ x+ 1=0 → x =−1C ¿ x +3=0 → x=−3

A ¿(1)2+ 4 (1)+1=A (1−1 )( 1+3 )


3
6=8 A → A=
4

B ¿(−1)2+ 4(−1)+1=B (−1−1 )(−1+3 )


1
−2=−4 B → B=
2

C ¿ (−3)2+ 4(−3)+1=C(−3−1)(−3+1)
−1
−2=8C →C=
4

x 2 +4 x +1 A B C
= + +
(x−1)( x+ 1)( x +3) ( x−1) ( x +1) (x +3)

x2 + 4 x+1
∫ ( x −1)(x +1)( x+3) dx=∫ 4(x3−1) dx+∫ 2( x1+1) dx−∫ 4( x+3)
1
dx

Selesaikan pakai reciprocal function

x2 + 4 x+1 3 ln( x−1) ln ⁡( x +1) ln ⁡( x +3)


∫ ( x −1)(x +1)( x+3) dx= 4 (1) + 2(1) − 4 (1)
3 1 1
¿ ln ( x−1 ) + ln ( x+1 ) dx− ln ( x +3 ) +c ¿
4 2 4

Integrating of trignometric expressions


1
sin 2 θ= (1−cos 2 θ)
2
1
cos 2 θ= (1+cos 2 θ)
2
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan
1 ¿∫ sin 4 θ dθ=¿∫ ¿¿ ¿

1−cos 2θ 1−cos 2 θ
¿ ∫( )( )dθ
2 2
( 1−cos 2θ )(1−cos 2 θ)
¿ ∫( ) dθ
4

¿∫ ( ( 1−cos 2θ 4)( 1−cos 2θ ) ) dθ


2
1−cos 2θ−cos 2 θ+c os 2 θ
¿ ∫( ) dθ
4
1
¿ ∫ ( 1−2 cos 2 θ+c os2 2 θ ) dθ
4

2 ¿∫ cos2 ( x ) sin 2 ( x ) dx=¿∫ ( 1+ cos2 2 x )∫( 1−cos2 2 x ) dx ¿


¿∫ ( (1+ cos 2 x )(1−cos
4
2x)
) dx
2
(1−cos 2 x+ cos 2 x−cos 2 x )
¿ ∫( ) dx
4

(1−cos 2 2 x) 1
¿∫ ( 4 )dx → ∫ ( 1−cos 2 2 x ) dx
4
1
4∫
¿ ¿¿

1 x 1+1 1 sin 4 x
¿ (
4 1+1 2
− (
4
) )
1 1 2 1 sin 4 x
¿ (
4 2
x− (
2 4
))
1 1 sin 4 x
¿ ( x −( ))
2
4 2 8

1 1
¿ ( x − sin 4 x )
2
8 32

Odd power of sin θ and cos θ

s ¿2 x +cos 2 x=1

Example 2 2 sin2 ( x ) cos 2 ( x)


cos x=1−s ¿ x
3
1. cos x u=sin(x) u=cos( x )

du=cos ( x) du=−sin ( x ) dx
Prepare by Tengku Mohd Hafizan
∫ cos 3 x →∫ cos2 x ∙ cos x
∫ (1−s ¿2 x) ∙cos x dx
∫ (1−u2 )∙ du
∫ 1−∫ u2 du
u 2+1
u− +c
2+1
1 1
u− u3 +c → sin ( x )− sin3 ( x )+ c ¿
3 3

Definate Intergrals
5
1 ¿∫ 2 x−4 dx
0

2 x 1+1
[ 1+1 ] 2 2 2
−4 x → x −4 x → ( ( 5 ) −4 ( 5 )−( 0 ) −4 ( 0 ) ) → 25−20−0=25

4 4
x +2 1
2 ¿∫ dx → ∫ x +2
1 3 31
2 1+1
1 x 1+1 1 ( 1)
3 1+1[ ]+2x →
1 (4)
3 2 ([ ]
+2(4)−
3 1+1 [ ] )
+2(1) →
9
2
7 7 1
3 ¿∫ 3 √ x dx →∫ 3. x 2
1 1

1 3

[ ] []
+1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2
3
x
1
+1
→3
x
3
2 6 2
[ ] (
→ 3 x 2 → x 2 → x 2 → 2(7)2 −2(1)2 → 14 2 −2 2
3 3 1
) ( )
2 2

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