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Lecture 8 - Process Modification

This document discusses heat integration and process modification techniques, including: 1. The plus/minus principle aims to modify processes to improve heat recovery by keeping hot streams hot above the pinch and cold streams cold below the pinch. 2. Case studies demonstrate how adjusting stream temperatures can reduce heating and cooling utility costs by improving temperature overlaps. 3. Retrofitting existing heat exchanger networks involves identifying violations of pinch principles and developing a minimum energy retrofit design to reduce utility usage.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views

Lecture 8 - Process Modification

This document discusses heat integration and process modification techniques, including: 1. The plus/minus principle aims to modify processes to improve heat recovery by keeping hot streams hot above the pinch and cold streams cold below the pinch. 2. Case studies demonstrate how adjusting stream temperatures can reduce heating and cooling utility costs by improving temperature overlaps. 3. Retrofitting existing heat exchanger networks involves identifying violations of pinch principles and developing a minimum energy retrofit design to reduce utility usage.

Uploaded by

翁宝怡
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CDB4313/CDB4313Z – HEAT INTEGRATION

PROCESS MODIFICATION

Plus/Minus Principle
HEN Retrofit

[email protected]
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this course, students shall be able to:

1. Perform targeting exercise to determine the minimum utility requirements


and maximum heat recovery possible for a process using composite curve
or problem table algorithm

2. Design heat exchanger network for achieving maximum energy recovery or


minimum total cost using pinch analysis technique

3. Apply pinch analysis software to perform heat integration and heat


exchanger network design that is cost competitive and taking into account
of sustainability factors

4. Analyze the potential for heat and power integration of a process and the
possible implementation options, and to screen the options using cost
effective strategy

5. Perform correct data extraction from process flowsheet for the purpose of
performing pinch analysis
PLUS/MINUS PRINCIPLE
Process Modification
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

T
• Change inner
process so as to
‘bend’ the
composite curves
- appropriately

- • Move hot streams


to above pinch
region

• Move cold streams


to below pinch
H region
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

In general,

Keep Hot Streams Hot


(KHSH)

Improve temperature driving force


Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
KHSH
T

• Allows more
overlap of the
curves

• Resulting in
improved heat
recovery

H
Especially if we can cross the pinch - energy targets improve
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

In general,

Keep Cold Streams Cold


(KCSC)

Improve temperature driving force


Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
KCSC
T

Especially if we can cross the pinch - energy targets improve


Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

COND
Extracted Data
20˚C 170˚C
Ts Tt CP
Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
60˚C R2
C1 1 Cold 20 135 2
100 kW 230 kW
2 Cold 80 140 4
R1
REB 135˚C 3 Hot 170 60 3
150˚C 140˚C
4 Hot 150 30 1.5
150 kW ΔTmin = 20 °C
30˚C

80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

T (ºC)
180 QH,min = 65 kW

160

140

120

100 Tpinch = 90˚C


∆Tmin
80

60

40

20
QC,min = 105 kW
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
H (kW)
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

Extracted Data
Ts Tt CP
COND Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
20˚C 170˚C 1 Cold 20 135 2
2 Cold 80 140 4
60˚C R2
C1 3 Hot 170 60 3
100 kW 230 kW
4 Hot 150 30 1.5
R1
REB 135˚C
150˚C 140˚C Modify this temperature

150 kW
30˚C

80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

QH,min = 45 kW
Stream C2 ends at 135˚C instead of 140˚C

QC,min = 105 kW

Reducing the load of cold stream above pinch reduces the heating utility
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

COND Modify this temperature

20˚C 170˚C Extracted Data


Ts Tt CP
60˚C R2 Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
C1
100 kW 230 kW 1 Cold 20 135 2
R1
2 Cold 80 135 4
REB 135˚C
150˚C 135˚C 3 Hot 170 60 3
4 Hot 150 30 1.5
150 kW
30˚C

80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

QH,min = 15 kW
Stream H3 starts at 180˚C instead of 170˚C

QC,min = 105 kW

Increasing the load of hot stream above pinch increases overlapping area,
hence reduces the heating utility
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

COND
Extracted Data
20˚C 180˚C
Ts Tt CP
Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
60˚C R2
C1 1 Cold 20 135 2
100 kW 230 kW
2 Cold 80 135 4
R1
REB 135˚C
3 Hot 180 60 3
150˚C 135˚C 4 Hot 150 30 1.5
150 kW
30˚C

80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Soft data
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle

QH,min = 125 kW
Stream C2 starts at 30˚C instead of 80˚C

QC,min = 15 kW

Increasing the load of cold stream makes a new pinch (30˚C), shifting the
cold composite curve to the right, hence increases the heating utility
HEN RETROFIT
HEN Retrofit
• Improving existing HEN design to reduce the utility
consumption.

• Retrofit strategies:

1. Develop MER design as for a new plant, and


favor matches which already exist in the
existing network.

2. Start with the existing network, and adjust to


obey Pinch rules (identify Pinch violators)
HEN Retrofit
The existing network

100 º CP
COND 60 º 170 º
C 3 3
20˚C 170˚C 100 kW
30 º C 150 º
4 1.5
60˚C R2 90 kW
C1
100 kW 230 kW 20 º 135 º 2
1
R1 230 kW
REB 135˚C 2 H 140 º 4
140˚C 90 kW
150˚C 150 kW
80 º
150 kW
30˚C
ΔTmin = 20 °C
80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
HEN Retrofit
The existing network after process modification

Current hot and cold utilities


COND
100 º CP
20˚C 180˚C 60 º 180 º
C 3 3
130 kW
R2 30 º C 150 º
60˚C 4 1.5
C1 90 kW
130 kW 230 kW
R1 20 º 135 º 2
1
REB 135˚C 230 kW
150˚C 135˚C 2 H 135 º 4
90 kW
130 kW
130 kW
30˚C 80 º

90 kW Pinch insights:
80˚C 90 kW
• TPinch,hot = 100˚C
• TPinch,cold = 80˚C
• QHmin = 15 kW
• QCmin = 105 kW
HEN Retrofit
Network pinch

Network pinch – Point where the existing exchangers reach ΔTmin

100 º CP
60 º 180 º
C 3 3
130 kW
30 º 90 º 150 º
C 4 1.5
90 kW

20 º
1 135 º 2
230 kW
80 º 135 º 4
2 H
Network pinch 90 kW
130 kW
violation
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Network pinch

Four possible approaches to overcome network pinch


violation;

• Resequencing: Changing the order of two


exchangers

• Repiping: Changing one or both of the matched


streams of the current situation

• Adding a new match

• Splitting
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Above pinch rule: CPH ≤ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 130
100 º CP
60 º 180 º
3 3

30 º 150 º
1 2 4 1.5

So, choose
HE1 or HE2?
20 º 135 º
1 2 2

135 º 4
2 1
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Above pinch rule: CPH ≤ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 100 º
130 CP
60 º
180 º 3 3
1. HE 1 favors current
design, the duty is 30 º
150 º 4 1.5
75 kW 1

135 º
1 20 º 2

135 º 4
2 1
80 º 75 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Above pinch rule: CPH ≤ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 100 º
130 CP = 1.625 CP
60 º
2 CP = 1. 375 3
3
1. HE 1 favors current 180 º
design, the duty is
30 º
75 kW 150 º 4 1.5
1
2. Add another match
(110 kW) as in
existing design 135 º
(requires stream 1 20 º 2 2
splitting) 110 kW

135 º 4
2 1
80 º 75 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Above pinch rule: CPH ≤ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 100 º
130 CP = 1.625 CP
60 º
1. HE 1 favors current 2 CP = 1.375 3 3
180 º
design, the duty is 75
kW 30 º
2. Add another match 150 º 4 1.5
1
(110 kW) as in existing
design (requires
135 º
stream splitting) 1 20 º 2 2
3. Repipe from hot utility 110 kW
to H3 (Utility – C2 →
H3 – C2) (requires 130 kW 135 º 4
stream splitting) 2 1
80 º 75 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Above pinch rule: CPH ≤ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 100 º
130 CP = 1.625 CP
60 º
2 CP = 1.375 3
1. HE 1 favors current 3
180 º
design, the duty is 75
kW 30 º
2. Add another match 150 º 4 1.5
1
(110 kW) as in existing
design (requires
135 º
stream splitting) 1 20 º 2 2
3. Repipe from hot utility 110 kW
to H3 (Utility – C2 → CP = 2.364
H3 – C2) (requires 130 kW H 135 º 4
stream splitting) 2 1 CP = 1.636
4. Add heater in C2 80 º 75 kW 15 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Below pinch rule: CPH ≥ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 130 100 º 130 kW CP = 1.625 CP
60 º CP = 1.375
2 3 3
1. Only 1 match for 180 º
below pinch 30 º
[Repipe from cold 150 º 4 1.5
1
utility to C1 (H3 –
Utility → H3 – C1)]
135 º
1 20 º 2 2
120 kW 110 kW
CP = 2.364
135 º 4
2 1 H
80 º 75 kW 15 kW CP = 1.636
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90

1 20 º 2 135 º 2 Below pinch rule: CPH ≥ CPC


230
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 130 100 º 130 kW CP = 1.625 CP
60 º CP = 1.375
2 3 3
180 º

1. Only 1 match for 30 º


150 º 4 1.5
below pinch C 1
[Repipe from cold 105 kW
utility to C1 (H3 – 135 º
Utility → H3 – C1)] 1 20 º 2 2
2. Add cooler in H4 120 kW 110 kW
CP = 2.364
135 º 4
2 1 H
80 º 75 kW 15 kW CP = 1.636
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
New retrofit design 1

Same HE can be used

CP = 1.625
60 º 4
CP = 1.375
3 2 3
180 º

30 º
150 º
C 1 4

105 kW
20 º 135 º
1 3 2
120 kW 110 kW
CP = 2.364
4
Increase 130 kW 135 º
2 H CP = 1.636
from 90 kW 1
to 105 kW 75 kW 15 kW
New HE
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
Identify Pinch rule violations

100 º CP
60 º 103.3 º 180 º
C 2 3 3
130 kW
30 º 90 º 1 150 º
C 4 1.5
90 kW

20 º ?? 135 º
1 2 2
230 kW
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 kW 130 kW

80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2

100 º CP 1. Repipe from


60 º 100 º 180 º cold utility to C1
C 3 2 3 3 (H3 – Utility → H3
– C1), adjust
30 º 150 º duty of HE2
C 90 º 1 1.5
4
90 kW

20 º 135 º
1 3 2 2
120 kW 110 kW
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 kW 130 kW

80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2

100 º CP 1. Repipe from


60 º 100 º 180 º cold utility to
C 3 2 3 3 Stream 1 (H3 –
Utility → H3 –
30 º 100 º 150 º C1), adjust duty
C 1 4 1.5 of HE2
105 kW 2. Resize HE1 and
Cooler
20 º 135 º
1 3 2 2
120 kW 110 kW
2 1 H 135 º 4
75 kW 130 kW

80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2

100 º CP 1. Repipe from


60 º 100 º 180 º cold utility to C1
C 3 2 3 3 (H3 – Utility → H3
– C1), adjust
30 º 100 º 150 º duty of HE2
C 1 4 1.5 2. Resize HE1 and
105 kW Cooler
3. Reduce heater
20 º duty
3 135 º 2
1 2
120 kW 110 kW
2 1 H 135 º 4
75 kW 15 kW

80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2

100 º CP = 1.625 CP 1. Repipe from


4
60 º 180 º cold utility to C1
C 100 º 3
3 2 CP = 1.375 3 (H3 – Utility → H3
– C1), adjust
30 º 100 º 150 º duty of HE2
C 1 4 1.5 2. Resize HE1 and
105 kW Cooler
3. Reduce heater
20 º duty
3 135 º 2 4. Split streams H3
1 2
120 kW 110 kW CP = 1.5 and C2 to add
135 º 4 new 130 kW HE
2 1 130 º H
75 kW 15 kW
4
130 kW CP = 2.5
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
New retrofit design 3

Same HE can be used


New HE

4
60 º 180 º
C 3 2 3

30 º 100 º 150 º
C 1 4
105 kW

20 º 135 º
1 3 2
120 kW 110 kW
2 1 H 135 º
Increase
75 kW Reduce
from 90 kW 15 kW
4 from 130 kW
to 105 kW
80 º 130 kW to 15 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit options
Existing
60 º 180 º
C 3
130
Which revamped network should
150 º
30 º C
4 be implemented?
90 • calculate the payback period
20 º considering the savings in
1 135 º
230 utilitites, investment on new HE,
2
90
H 135 º additional HE area, piping etc.
130

Option 1 Option 2
4
4 60 º 180 º
60 º 180 º 3 2 3
3 2 3

30 º 150 º 30 º C 150 º 4
4 1
C 1
105
105
20 º 135 º
1 3 2 20 º 135 º
1 3 2
120 110 120 110
4
135 º 2 1 135 º
130 H
2 1 H
75 15
75 15 4
130

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