Lecture 8 - Process Modification
Lecture 8 - Process Modification
PROCESS MODIFICATION
Plus/Minus Principle
HEN Retrofit
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this course, students shall be able to:
4. Analyze the potential for heat and power integration of a process and the
possible implementation options, and to screen the options using cost
effective strategy
5. Perform correct data extraction from process flowsheet for the purpose of
performing pinch analysis
PLUS/MINUS PRINCIPLE
Process Modification
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
T
• Change inner
process so as to
‘bend’ the
composite curves
- appropriately
In general,
• Allows more
overlap of the
curves
• Resulting in
improved heat
recovery
H
Especially if we can cross the pinch - energy targets improve
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
In general,
COND
Extracted Data
20˚C 170˚C
Ts Tt CP
Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
60˚C R2
C1 1 Cold 20 135 2
100 kW 230 kW
2 Cold 80 140 4
R1
REB 135˚C 3 Hot 170 60 3
150˚C 140˚C
4 Hot 150 30 1.5
150 kW ΔTmin = 20 °C
30˚C
80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
T (ºC)
180 QH,min = 65 kW
160
140
120
60
40
20
QC,min = 105 kW
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
H (kW)
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
Extracted Data
Ts Tt CP
COND Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
20˚C 170˚C 1 Cold 20 135 2
2 Cold 80 140 4
60˚C R2
C1 3 Hot 170 60 3
100 kW 230 kW
4 Hot 150 30 1.5
R1
REB 135˚C
150˚C 140˚C Modify this temperature
150 kW
30˚C
80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
QH,min = 45 kW
Stream C2 ends at 135˚C instead of 140˚C
QC,min = 105 kW
Reducing the load of cold stream above pinch reduces the heating utility
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
QH,min = 15 kW
Stream H3 starts at 180˚C instead of 170˚C
QC,min = 105 kW
Increasing the load of hot stream above pinch increases overlapping area,
hence reduces the heating utility
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
COND
Extracted Data
20˚C 180˚C
Ts Tt CP
Stream Type
(°C) (°C) (kW/oC)
60˚C R2
C1 1 Cold 20 135 2
100 kW 230 kW
2 Cold 80 135 4
R1
REB 135˚C
3 Hot 180 60 3
150˚C 135˚C 4 Hot 150 30 1.5
150 kW
30˚C
80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
Soft data
Process Modification
Plus/Minus Principle
QH,min = 125 kW
Stream C2 starts at 30˚C instead of 80˚C
QC,min = 15 kW
Increasing the load of cold stream makes a new pinch (30˚C), shifting the
cold composite curve to the right, hence increases the heating utility
HEN RETROFIT
HEN Retrofit
• Improving existing HEN design to reduce the utility
consumption.
• Retrofit strategies:
100 º CP
COND 60 º 170 º
C 3 3
20˚C 170˚C 100 kW
30 º C 150 º
4 1.5
60˚C R2 90 kW
C1
100 kW 230 kW 20 º 135 º 2
1
R1 230 kW
REB 135˚C 2 H 140 º 4
140˚C 90 kW
150˚C 150 kW
80 º
150 kW
30˚C
ΔTmin = 20 °C
80˚C 90 kW 90 kW
HEN Retrofit
The existing network after process modification
90 kW Pinch insights:
80˚C 90 kW
• TPinch,hot = 100˚C
• TPinch,cold = 80˚C
• QHmin = 15 kW
• QCmin = 105 kW
HEN Retrofit
Network pinch
100 º CP
60 º 180 º
C 3 3
130 kW
30 º 90 º 150 º
C 4 1.5
90 kW
20 º
1 135 º 2
230 kW
80 º 135 º 4
2 H
Network pinch 90 kW
130 kW
violation
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Network pinch
• Splitting
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90
30 º 150 º
1 2 4 1.5
So, choose
HE1 or HE2?
20 º 135 º
1 2 2
135 º 4
2 1
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90
135 º
1 20 º 2
135 º 4
2 1
80 º 75 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90
135 º 4
2 1
80 º 75 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 1
Existing design
CP
60 º C 103.3 º 180 º
2 3 3
130
30 º C 90 º 150 º4
1 1.5
90
CP = 1.625
60 º 4
CP = 1.375
3 2 3
180 º
30 º
150 º
C 1 4
105 kW
20 º 135 º
1 3 2
120 kW 110 kW
CP = 2.364
4
Increase 130 kW 135 º
2 H CP = 1.636
from 90 kW 1
to 105 kW 75 kW 15 kW
New HE
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
Identify Pinch rule violations
100 º CP
60 º 103.3 º 180 º
C 2 3 3
130 kW
30 º 90 º 1 150 º
C 4 1.5
90 kW
20 º ?? 135 º
1 2 2
230 kW
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 kW 130 kW
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
20 º 135 º
1 3 2 2
120 kW 110 kW
2 1 H 135 º 4
90 kW 130 kW
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
80 º
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit strategy 2
4
60 º 180 º
C 3 2 3
30 º 100 º 150 º
C 1 4
105 kW
20 º 135 º
1 3 2
120 kW 110 kW
2 1 H 135 º
Increase
75 kW Reduce
from 90 kW 15 kW
4 from 130 kW
to 105 kW
80 º 130 kW to 15 kW
HEN Retrofit
Retrofit options
Existing
60 º 180 º
C 3
130
Which revamped network should
150 º
30 º C
4 be implemented?
90 • calculate the payback period
20 º considering the savings in
1 135 º
230 utilitites, investment on new HE,
2
90
H 135 º additional HE area, piping etc.
130
Option 1 Option 2
4
4 60 º 180 º
60 º 180 º 3 2 3
3 2 3
30 º 150 º 30 º C 150 º 4
4 1
C 1
105
105
20 º 135 º
1 3 2 20 º 135 º
1 3 2
120 110 120 110
4
135 º 2 1 135 º
130 H
2 1 H
75 15
75 15 4
130