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Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions Final PDF

This document discusses integration of hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions. It begins by defining the hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh, tanh, cosech, and csch. It then covers: 1) Generating reduction formulas for integrals using integration by parts. Reduction formulas relate a given integral to another of lower degree or order. 2) Definite integrals may have simpler reduction formulas when limits are included. 3) The reduction formulas for integrals of sin^n(x) and cos^n(x) take interesting forms when evaluated from 0 to π/2.

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Gabriel Palmaria
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140 views

Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions Final PDF

This document discusses integration of hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions. It begins by defining the hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh, tanh, cosech, and csch. It then covers: 1) Generating reduction formulas for integrals using integration by parts. Reduction formulas relate a given integral to another of lower degree or order. 2) Definite integrals may have simpler reduction formulas when limits are included. 3) The reduction formulas for integrals of sin^n(x) and cos^n(x) take interesting forms when evaluated from 0 to π/2.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Palmaria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration of hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic

functions

Submitted By
Vikram Kumar (maths)
P.G.G.C for Girls
Sec – 11, Chandigarh.
• Integration of hyperbolic
• Inverse hyperbolic functions
• Reduction formulae
Definitions of Hyperbolic
functions
e e
x x e x  e x
sinh x  cosh x 
2 2

e e
x  x 2 e e
x  x 2
cosh x  sinh x  
2 2
     1
 2 2
   

sinh x e x  e x cosh x e x  e x
tanh x   x x co th x   x x
cosh x e  e sinh x e  e

1 2 1 2
sech x   csch x   x x
cosh x e x  e x sinh x e  e
1.
Generating a reduction formula
A reduction formula is a formula
which connects a given integral with
another integral in which the integrand
is of same type but of lower degree or
order.
Generating a reduction formula

Using the integration by parts formula:

 udv  uv   vdu
it is easily shown that:

 x e dx  x e  n  x n 1e x dx
n x n x
Generating a reduction formula

Writing:
I n   x ne x dx

then

  e dx
n 1 x
x n x
e dx  x n x
e  n x
can be written as:

I n  x ne x  nI n1

This is an example of a reduction formula.


Programme 17: Reduction formulas

Generating a reduction formula

Sometimes integration by parts has to be repeated to obtain the


reduction formula. For example:

I n   x n cos xdx

 x n sin x  n  x n 1 sin xdx

 x n sin x  nx n 1 cos x  n(n  1)  x n  2 cos xdx


 x n sin x  nx n 1 cos x  n(n  1) I n  2
Definite integrals

When the integral has limits the reduction formula may be simpler.
For example:


In  
x 0
x n cos xdx


  x n sin x  nx n 1 cos x   n(n  1) I n  2
x 0

  n n 1  n(n  1) I n  2
Integrands of the form sin n x and cosn x

The reduction formula forI n   sin n xdx is

1 n 1
I n   sin n 1 x.cos x  I n2
n n

and . . .
Integrands of the form sin n x and cosn x

the reduction formula forI n   cos n xdx is:

1 n 1
In  cos n1 x.sin x  I n2
n n

These take interesting forms when evaluated as definite integrals


between 0 and /2
Integrands of the form sin n x and cosn x

 /2
In   sin
n
The reduction formulas for xdx are both:
0

n 1
In  I n2
n

where

(a) If n is even, the formula eventually reduces to I0 = /2

(b) If n is odd the formula eventually reduces to I1 = 1


Learning outcomes

Integrate by parts and generate a reduction formula

Integrate by parts using a reduction formula

Evaluate integrals with integrands of the form sinnx and cosnx using reduction
formulas

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