ECEF 1114 ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY

LAB 3 : Verification of Logic Gate

INTRODUCTION
Basically logic gates are the main component in digital electronics. A gate can execute a function
on a two different valued signal. Binary logic consists of binary variable and logical operations.
Each variable having 2 distinct values which 1 (HIGH) and 0 (LOW). Logic gates can operate
one or more input to produce output signal. Except for some logic gates such as NOT gate or
known as Inverter has only one input and output. Logic gates only receive binary data of 0
(LOW) or 1 (HIGH) . LOW represents 0 Volt while HIGH represents 3 or 5 Volts from Voltage
Supply (Vss). The large number of logic gates are implement in ICs for the purpose of saving
physical space. With the use of logic gates , varieties of circuits like latch , shift register , flip
flops and etc can be designed.

Objectives
1. To describe the operation and use of some common IC logic gates such as AND,
OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates and make external connections to these ICs to
implement the gates logic circuits.
2. To understand the operation of a combinational logic circuit based on certain
problems and able to derive the Boolean expression from them.

Parts and Materials

1. DC Power supply, Vs
2. IC 7408, IC 7432, IC 7404, IC 7400, IC 7402
3. Resistor 270 ohm
4. LED
5. Breadboard
6. Jumper wires

Procedures
Part A: Logic gates
1. The truth table have been derived for the gates (AND , OR , NOT , NAND or NOR ) by
getting an IC for the gates.
2. Pin-14 of IC has been connected to 5V D.C. power supply.
3. Pin- 7 of the IC has been connected to ground.
4. The LED has been connected to the output pins.
5. The truth table developed in Step (1) have been verified and commented on the output
level of the gate responds to all possible input-level combination experimentally.
6. For the input pins, logic ‘1’ can be produced by connecting the pin to 5Vdc power
supply, while logic ‘0’ can be produced by connecting the pin to Ground.
7. The logic gate operation has been discussed.

Part B : Boolean algebra

1. Appropriate logic gates used , the logic circuits for both equations as shown below has
been draw and he truth table for both circuits are derived.
2. The circuits as designed in step (1) on a breadboard has been constructed.
3. The truth table developed in step (1) have been verified and commented on the output
level of the circuits responds to all possible input level combination experimentally.
4. Both of the logic circuits have been discussed.

RESULTS
Part A : Logic Gates
AND Gates
Inputs Outputs
Pin 1 Pin 2 Theoretical Pin 3
A B X Experiment
1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0

Picture 1 : A=1 B=1 and X=1

OR Gates
 Inputs Outputs
Pin 1 Pin 2 Theoretical Pin 3
A B X Experiment
1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1

Picture 2 : A=1 B=0 and X=1

Picture 3 : A=0 B=0 and X=0

NOT Gates
 Inputs Outputs (Theoretical) Outputs (Experimental)
A A’ A’
1 0 0
0 1 1

Picture 4 : A=0 B=1 and X=0

Picture 5 : A=0 B=1 and X=1

NAND Gates
 Inputs Outputs
Pin 1 Pin 2 Theoretical Pin 3
A B X Experiment
0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0

Picture 6 : A=1 B=1 and X=0

Picture 7: A=1 B=0 and X=1

NOR Gates
 Inputs Outputs
Pin 1 Pin 2 Theoretical Pin 3
A B X Experiment
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0

Picture 8 : A=1 B=1 and X=0

Picture 9 : A=0 B=0 and X=1

Part B : Boolean Algebra
 1. a)Logic Circuit : X=A(B+C)
Truth Table
Inputs Output , X
A B C Theoretical Experiment
B+C X
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

Picture 10 : X= A(b+c) With all input= 1 with output =1.

Picture 11 : X= A(b+c) With all input=0 with output=0

1b) Logic Circuit: Y= AB + AC
Inputs Output , Y
A B C Theoretical Experiment
AB AC Y
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Picture 12 : Y= AB + AC with all input=1 and output =0

Picture 13 : Y= AB + AC with all input=0 and output=0

Discussion:

1. AND Gate (74LS08):

Output will be 1 (HIGH) when all of the inputs are 1 (HIGH). While Output will be 0
(LOW) when at least one of the inputs is 0 (LOW). Practically , it needs two or more
switches connected in series in order the bulb is light up. LED will not light when one of
the pins is connected to ground. The requirement is both pins must be connected to the
voltage supply where X becomes 1(HIGH).
OR Gate (74LS32):
Output will be 0 (LOW) when all inputs are 0 (LOW) too. While output will be 1 when at
least one of the inputs is 1 (HIGH). Any of the pin will light if connected to power
supply, but both pin connected to the power supply also will light up.
NOT Gate (74LS04):
The NOT gate can consider as an inverter. Because it produced an inverted version of the
input to the output. It also means LED will light up when the pin is connected to the
ground while to the power supply will not light up.
NAND Gate (74LS00):
NAND Gate can consider as AND gate but with inverted version of it. The LED will
light with one of any pins but will not light up when both pins are connected to the power
supply.
NOR Gate (74LS02):
NOR gate is OR gate but with inverted version of it. The LED will light up when both
pins are connected to the ground. Led will not light up with one and both pins connected
to the power supply.
 2. As for 1a X=A(B+C) , consist of combination of AND gate and OR gate. B+C is an OR
gate while A “times” with B+C , between it is an AND gate. If OR gate (B+C) is
1(HIGH) and the input pin A is 1(HIGH) , X= AND gate which 1 (HIGH) which is the
LED bulb while light up. The condition in order of the LED to light up is that (B+C) and
A must be 1(HIGH). Because AND gate’s requirement is two or more input must be in
‘HIGH’.

As for 1b Y=AB+AC also consist of AND gate and OR Gate. AB is AND gate and AC
also is an AND Gate too. Between AB plus with AC is an OR gate connected between
both gates. If output of AB and AC respectively is 1(HIGH), hence at OR gate the output
also will be 1(HIGH). The LED bulb will light up. In order the LED to light up in 1b, one
of the input pin must be in ‘HIGH’ or both input pins in ‘HIGH’. Because it is an OR
Gate between AB and AC.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, operation of AND , OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates which give different signal
although the inputs are all around the same but with different types of ICs gives different
outcome of the output. All operations have been examined during the experiment and it is same
to the theoretical point of view. Another one is that output from either one of the one logic gate
can be also used as inputs to execute for another logic gate to form combinational logic gate with
Boolean Algebra.