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High Voltage AC Generation

This document discusses methods for generating high AC voltages for testing electrical equipment. It describes how single phase test transformers are commonly used to generate high voltages at power frequencies for short term testing of equipment. These transformers have low power ratings but high voltage capabilities. The document then discusses how cascading multiple transformers together can generate even higher voltages over 400kV. It provides a diagram and explanation of how three transformers can be connected in series to multiply the output voltage by three. Cascading transformers reduces the weight and cost compared to a single transformer, but it unevenly loads the lower stages.

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647 views4 pages

High Voltage AC Generation

This document discusses methods for generating high AC voltages for testing electrical equipment. It describes how single phase test transformers are commonly used to generate high voltages at power frequencies for short term testing of equipment. These transformers have low power ratings but high voltage capabilities. The document then discusses how cascading multiple transformers together can generate even higher voltages over 400kV. It provides a diagram and explanation of how three transformers can be connected in series to multiply the output voltage by three. Cascading transformers reduces the weight and cost compared to a single transformer, but it unevenly loads the lower stages.

Uploaded by

saravananvietw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.5.

GENERATION OF HIGH AC VOLTAGES

 Most of the present day transmission and distribution networks are operating
on A.C.voltages and hence most of the testing equipment’s relate to high A.C.
voltages.
 Even though most of the equipment’s on the system are 3-phase systems, a
single phase transformer operating at power frequency is the most common
form of HVAC testing equipment.
 Test transformers normally used for the purpose have low power rating but
high voltage ratings.
 These transformers are mainly used for short time tests on high voltage
equipment’s.
The currents required for these tests on various equipment’s are given below:
Insulators, C.B., bushings, Instrument
Transformers = 0.1– 0.5 A
Power transformers, H.V. capacitors. = 0.5–1 A
Cables = 1 A and above
 The design of a test transformer is similar to a potential transformer used for
the measurement of Voltage and power in transmission lines.
 The flux density chosen is low so that it does not draw large magnetizing
current which would otherwise saturate the core and produce higher
harmonics.

1.6 METHODS TO GENERATE HIGH A.C VOLTAGE


1.6.1 Cascaded Transformers
 For voltages higher than 400 KV, it is desired to cascade two or more
transformers depending upon the voltage requirements.
 With this, the weight of the whole unit is subdivided into single units and,
therefore, transport and erection becomes easier.
 Also, with this, the transformer cost for a given voltage may be reduced, since
cascaded units need not individually possess the expensive and heavy
insulation required in single stage transformers for high voltages exceeding
345 kV.
 It is found that the cost of insulation for such voltages for a single unit
becomes proportional to square of operating voltage.

Figure A Basic Scheme for Cascading Three Transformers


 In the Fig. 1.6, the primary of the first stage transformer is connected to a low
voltage supply.
 A voltage is available across the secondary of this transformer.
 The tertiary winding (excitation winding) of first stage has the same number
of turns as the primary winding, and feeds the primary of the second stage
transformer.
 The potential of the tertiary is fixed to the potential V of the secondary
winding as shown in Fig.
 The secondary winding of the second stage transformer is connected in series
with the secondary winding of the first stage transformer, so that a voltage of
2V is available between the ground and the terminal of secondary of the
second stage transformer.
 Similarly, the stage-III transformer is connected in series with the second
stage transformer.
 With this the output voltage between ground and the third stage transformer,
secondary is 3V. it is to be noted that the individual stages except the upper
most must have three-winding transformers.
 The upper most, however, will be a two winding transformer.

 Fig. shows metal tank construction of transformers and the secondary winding
is not divided.
 Here the low voltage terminal of the secondary winding is connected to the
tank.
 The tank of stage-I transformer is earthed.
 The tanks of stage-II and stage-III transformers have potentials of V and 2V,
respectively above earth and, therefore, these must be insulated from the earth
with suitable solid insulation.
 Through H.T. bushings, the leads from the tertiary winding and the H.V.
winding are brought out to be connected to the next stage transformer.
1.6.1.1 Advantage:
However, if the high voltage windings are of mid-point potential type, the tanks are
held at 0.5 V, 1.5 V and 2.5 V, respectively. This connection results in a cheaper
construction and the high voltage insulation now needs to be designed for V/2 from
its tank potential.
1.6.1.2 Disadvantage:
Cascading the transformers is that the lower stages of the primaries of the
transformers are loaded more as compared with the upper stages.

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