04/04/2020 Learn SQL: Queries Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn
SQL

Queries

SELECT Statement
The SELECT * statement returns all columns from the provided table in the result set.
The given query will fetch all columns and records (rows) from the movies table.

SELECT *
FROM movies;

AS Clause
Columns or tables in SQL can be aliased using the AS clause. This allows columns or
tables to be specifically renamed in the returned result set. The given query will return a
result set with the column for name renamed to movie_title .

SELECT name AS 'movie_title'

DISTINCT Clause
Unique values of a column can be selected using a DISTINCT query. For a table
contact_details having five rows in which the city column contains Chicago,
Madison, Boston, Madison, and Denver, the given query would return:

● Chicago

● Madison

● Boston

● Denver

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SELECT DISTINCT city

WHERE Clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter records (rows) that match a certain condition. The
given query will select all records where the pub_year equals 2017 .

SELECT title
FROM library
WHERE pub_year = 2017;

LIKE Operator
The LIKE operator can be used inside of a WHERE clause to match a specified pattern.
The given query will match any movie that begins with Star in its title.

SELECT name
FROM movies
WHERE name LIKE 'Star%';

_ Wildcard
The _ wildcard can be used in a LIKE operator pattern to match any single
unspecified character. The given query will match any movie which begins with a single
character, followed by ove .

SELECT name
FROM movies
WHERE name LIKE '_ove';

% Wildcard
The % wildcard can be used in a LIKE operator pattern to match zero or more
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unspecified character(s). The example query will match any movie that begins with
The , followed by zero or more of any characters.

SELECT name
FROM movies
WHERE name LIKE 'The%';

NULL Values
Column values in SQL records can be NULL , or have no value. These records can be
matched (or not matched) using the IS NULL and IS NOT NULL operators in
combination with the WHERE clause. The given query will match all addresses where the
address has a value or is not NULL .

SELECT address
FROM records
WHERE address IS NOT NULL;

BETWEEN Operator
The BETWEEN operator can be used to filter by a range of values. The range of values
can be text, numbers or date data. The given query will match any movie made
between the years 1980 and 1990, inclusive.

SELECT *
FROM movies
WHERE year BETWEEN 1980 AND 1990;

AND Operator
The AND operator allows multiple conditions to be combined. Records must match both
conditions that are joined by AND to be included in the result set. The example query
will match any car that is blue and made after 2014.

SELECT model
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SELECT model
FROM cars
WHERE color = 'blue'
AND year > 2014;

OR Operator
The OR operator allows multiple conditions to be combined. Records matching either
condition joined by the OR are included in the result set. The given query will match
customers whose state is either ca or ny .

SELECT name
FROM customers
WHERE state = "ca"
OR state = "ny";

ORDER BY Clause
The ORDER BY clause can be used to sort the result set by a particular column either
alphabetically or numerically. It can be ordered in ascending (default) or descending
order with ASC / DESC . In the example, all the rows of the contacts table will be
ordered by the birth_date column in descending order.

SELECT *
FROM contacts
ORDER BY birth_date DESC;

LIMIT Clause
The LIMIT clause is used to narrow, or limit, a result set to the specified number of
rows. The given query will limit the result set to 5 rows.

SELECT *
FROM movies
LIMIT 5;

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