TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Kathmandu Engineering College

Department Of Electrical Engineering

Final Year Project Report

On
"GSM BASED 3 PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER MONITORING AND
PROTECTION"
[Code No: EE 707]

By:
SAGAR CHAPAGAIN (BEL - 69036)
SAUJAN SHRESTHA (BEL - 69039)
RAJ KISHOR YADAV (BEL - 69032)
SUSHANT POUDEL (BEL - 69043)

Supervised By:
Er. Kanchan Bohora
Er. Mahendra Kumar Das

A FINAL REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELORS OF
ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Kathmandu, Nepal
August, 2016

i
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Kathmandu Engineering College

Department Of Electrical Engineering

Final Year Project Report

On
"GSM BASED 3 PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER MONITORING AND
PROTECTION"
[Code No: EE 707]

By:
SAGAR CHAPAGAIN (BEL-69036)
SAUJAN SHRESTHA (BEL-69039)
RAJ KISHOR YADAV (BEL-69032)
SUSHANT POUDEL (BEL-69043)

Supervised By:
Er. Kanchan Bohora
Er. Mahendra Kumar Das

A FINAL REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELORS OF
ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Kathmandu, Nepal
August, 2016
ii
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Kathmandu Engineering College

Department Of Electrical Engineering

Final Year Project Report

On
"GSM BASED 3 PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER MONITORING AND
PROTECTION"
[Code No: EE 707]

By:
SAGAR CHAPAGAIN (BEL-69036)
SAUJAN SHRESTHA (BEL-69039)
RAJ KISHOR YADAV (BEL-69032)
SUSHANT POUDEL (BEL-69043)

Supervised By:
Er. Kanchan Bohora
Er. Mahendra Kumar Das

Kathmandu, Nepal
August, 2016
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

© Kathmandu Engineering College

Department of Electrical Engineering

iii
 Tribhuvan University

Institute Of Engineering

Kathmandu Engineering College

Department Of Electrical Engineering

The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department Of Electrical
Engineering, a final year project work entitled, “GSM Based Three Phase Distribution
Transformer Monitoring And Protection” submitted by SAGAR CHAPAGAIN, SAUJAN
SHRESTHA, RAJ KISHOR YADAV and SUSHANTA POUDEL to the Department of
Electrical Engineering in partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electrical Engineering. The project was carried out under special supervision and
within the time frame prescribed by the syllabus.
We found the students to be hardworking, skilled, bona fide and ready to undertake any
commercial and industrial work related to their field of study and hence we recommend the award
of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering degree.
_________________________ _________________________
Er. Kanchan Bohora Er. Mahendra K. Das
(Project Supervisor) (Project Supervisor)
Lecturer Lecturer
Kathmandu Engineering College Kathmandu Engineering College

_________________________ _________________________

Mr.. Jayaiswer Man Pradhan ----------------------------------

(Head of Department) (Post)
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Kathmandu Engineering College Kathmandu Engineering College

DATE OF APPROVAL:
2073/05/06(08/21/2016)

iv
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the report of the Project Work entitled "GSM Based Three Phase
Distribution Transformer Monitoring and Protection" which is being submitted to the
Kathmandu Engineering College, Tribhuvan University, in the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING in the Department of Electrical Engineering, is a bona fide report of work
carried out by us. The material contained in this report has not been submitted to any university
or Institution for the award of any degree.

SAGAR CHAPAGAIN (BEL-69036)

SAUJAN SHRESTHA (BEL-69039)
RAJ KISHOR YADAV (BEL-69032)
SUSHANT POUDEL (BEL-69043)

v
 COPY RIGHT

The author has agreed that the Library, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kathmandu
Engineering College may make this report freely available for inspection. Moreover, the author
has agreed that permission for extensive copying of this for scholarly purpose may be granted by
the supervisor who supervised the project work rendered herein or, in their absence, by the Head
of Department where in the project report was done. It is understood that the recognition will be
given to the author of this report and to the Department of Electrical Engineering, Kathmandu
Engineering College in any use of the material of this project report. Copying or publication or
the other use of this report for financial gain without approval of the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Kathmandu Engineering College and author's written permission is prohibited.
Request for permission to copy or to make any other use of the material in this report in whole or
part should be addressed to:
Mr.. Jayaiswer Man Pradhan
(Head of Department)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Kathmandu Engineering College

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

On the submission of our project entitled “GSM BASED THREE PHASE DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER MONITORING AND PROTECTION” we would like to take the opportunity
to thank our supervisors Er. Kanchan Bohora and Er. Mahendra K. Das for their continuous
encouragement, support and guidance at all stages in understanding the subject and developing
the project. We express our gratitude for their invaluable suggestion and constant encouragement
throughout all the thesis work. We would also like to convey our sincerest gratitude and
indebtedness to other faculty members and staff of Department of Electrical Engineering,
Kathmandu Engineering College, who bestowed their effort and guidance at appropriate times.
Without which it would have been difficult to accomplish our project work. An assemblage of
this nature could never have been attempted with our reference to and inspiration from the works
of others whose details are mentioned in references section.
Last but not the least, we would like to appreciate our friends, for their advice and support during
the course of this project.

vii
 ABSTRACT

This project is about design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor and
record key parameters of distribution transformer like load currents, oil levels, oil temperature,
voltage level. The idea of on-line monitoring system integrates global service mobile (GSM)
Modem, with a standalone chip microcontroller and different sensors. It is installed on the
distribution transformer site and above parameters are recorded using the analog to digital
converters (ADC) of the embedded system. The obtained parameters are processed and recorded
in the system memory. If any abnormality or an emergency situation occurs, the system sends
short message service (SMS) to mobile phones containing information about the abnormality
according to some predefined instructions programed in the microcontroller. This mobile system
will help the transformers to operate smoothly and identify problems before any catastrophic
failure.
This project is to develop a system based on GSM for controlling and monitoring the voltage,
current and temperature of a distribution transformer and to protect the system from the rise in
the mentioned parameters. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the breakdown caused due to
the over load, high temperature, high voltage. Generally, the design consists of control and
monitoring unit. In general the proposed design is developed for the user to easily recognize the
distribution transformer that is suffered from open circuit or short circuit and rise in temperature.
The ultimate objective is to monitor electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the
burning of distribution transformer due to the constraints like over load, over current, over
temperature, high input voltage. If any of these values increase beyond the limit then the entire
unit is shut down by the design controlling unit.

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Cover Page-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Declaration-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Certificate of approval---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
Copy right-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
Acknowledgement--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
Table of contents----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii
List of Acronyms-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x
List Of Figures----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xi
Chapter-1: Introduction
1.1 Background--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Problem Definition----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.3 Objective------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
Chapter-2: Literature review----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Chapter-3: Requirement Analysis
3.1 Software Required----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
3.2 Hardware Required----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

Chapter-4: Project Design and Architecture

4.1 Block Diagram------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6

4.2Component Description
4.2.1 LM-35----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
4.2.2 GSM Module--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
4.2.3 LCD--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
4.2.4 Arduino UNO-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
4.2.5 SIM-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
4.2.6Selection of Transformer----------------------------------------------------------------- 11
4.2.7Selection of diode------------------------------------------------------------------------- -11
4.2.8Selection of capacitor--------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
4.2.9Relay-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

ix
Chapter- 5: Methodology

5.1 Flow Diagram--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

5.2 Circuit Diagram------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13

Chapter-6: Implementation details

6.1 Functional Requirement------------------------------------------------------------------------14

6.2 Technology Considerations---------------------------------------------------------------------14
6.3 Testing Requirement-----------------------------------------------------------------------------15
6.4 Safety Considerations--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.5 Commercialization------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

Chapter-7: Result and analysis------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16

Chapter-8: Conclusion and future works

8.1 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
8.2 Limitation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
8.3 Future Enhancement---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

REFERENCES-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
APPENDIX--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

x
 LIST OF ACRONYMS

SMS Short Message Services

GSM Global System for Mobile
ADC Analog to Digital Converter
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
TTL Transistor-transistor Logic
RTC Real Time Clock
I/O Input/Output
FIG Figure

xi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 4.2.1: LM-35

Fig 4.2.2: GSM Module
Fig 4.2.3: LCD
Fig 4.2.4.1: ARDUINO Overview
Fig 4.2.4.2: ARDUINO UNO Pin Mapping
Fig 4.2.13: Relay
Fig5.2.1: Circuit Diagram
Fig 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 Output from LCD
Fig. 7.4 Output via SMS

xii
 Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
The new age of technology has redefined communication. Most of people nowadays have access
to mobile phones and thus world indeed has become a global village. At any given moment, the
particular individual can be contacted with the mobile phones. But the application of mobile
phone cannot just be restricted to sending SMS or stating conversations. New inventions and
ideas can be generated from it that can further enhance its capabilities. Technology such as Infra-
ray, Bluetooth, etc. which has developed in recent years goes to show the very fact that those
improvements are in fact possible and those improvements have eased our life and the way we
live. Protection of distribution transformer is a subject of growing interest and in recent years we
have seen many systems providing such controls. Sending written text is very popular among
mobile phone users. Instant messaging, as it is known, allows quick transmission of short
messages that allows an individual to share ideas, opinions and other relevant information.
Abnormality in distribution transformer is accompanied with variation in different parameters
like oil temperature, load current, over voltage, rise in oil level. Online monitoring system consists
of embedded system, GSM modem, mobile-users and GSM networks and sensors installed at
transformer site. Sensors are installed on transformer side which reads and measures the physical
quantity from distribution transformer and then converts it into analog signal. This obtained
analog signals are processed in ADC and fed to microcontroller. The preprogrammed
microcontroller sends signal to GSM module. The user receives SMS from GSM module.
The comfort of being able to control a transformer from one particular location has become
imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore there arises a need to do so in a systematic
manner which we have tried to implement with our system.

1
1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION
In power systems, distribution transformer is electrical equipment which distributes power to the
low-voltage users directly, and its operation condition is an important component of the entire
distribution network operation. Operation of distribution transformer under rated condition
guarantees their long life. However, their life is significantly reduced if they are subjected to
overloading, resulting in unexpected failures and loss of supply to a large number of customers
thus effecting system reliability. Overloading and ineffective cooling of transformers are the
major causes of failure in distribution transformers. The monitoring devices or systems which are
presently used for monitoring distribution transformer exist some problems and deficiencies. Few
of them are mentioned below:

8. Ordinary transformer measurement system generally detects a single transformer parameter,

such as power, current, voltage, and phase. While some ways could detect multiparameter,
the time of acquisition and operation parameters is too long, and testing speed is not fast
enough.

2. Detection system itself is not reliable. The main performance is the device itself instability,
poor anti-jamming capability, low measurement accuracy of the data, or even state monitoring
system should is no effect.

3. Timely detection data will not be sent to monitoring centers in time, which can not judge
distribution transformers three-phase equilibrium.

4. A monitoring system can only monitor the operation state or guard against steal the power,
and is not able to monitor all useful data of distribution transformers to reduce costs.

5. Many monitoring systems use power carrier communication to send data, but the power carrier
communication has some disadvantages: serious frequency interference, with the increase in
distance the signal attenuation serious, load changes brought about large electrical noise. So if
use power carrier communication to send data, the real-time data transmission, reliability cannot
be guaranteed.

According to the above requirements, we need a distribution transformer real-time monitoring

system to detect all operating parameters operation, and send to the monitoring center in time. It
leads to online monitoring of key operational parameters of distribution transformers which can
provide useful information about the health of transformers which will help the utilities to
optimally use their transformers and keep the asset in operation for a longer period. This will help
to identify problems before any serious failure which leads to a significant cost savings and
greater reliability. Widespread use of mobile networks and GSM devices such GSM modems and
their decreasing costs have made them an attractive option not only for voice media but for other
wide area network applications.

2
1.3 OBJECTIVES:
 To notify the operators during the occurrence of any faults via GSM
Networking,
 To isolate the faulty portion in the system,
 To control the distribution system more efficiently and conveniently.
 To provide proper monitoring system in 3-phase distribution transformer.

3
 Chapter-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction. Commonly, transformers are used to increase or decrease the
voltages of alternating current in electric power applications. There are different types of
transformers such as two winding or three winding electrical power transformers, auto
transformers, regulating transformers, earthing transformers, rectifier transformers etc. Different
transformers demand different schemes of transformer protection depending upon their
importance, winding connections, earthing methods and mode of operation etc.
In the older calendar years, we have found that the control of home appliances and other system
like lock, security, alarms, etc. had been accomplished using the wired communication i.e. PSTN
landline networks whereas our project is focused on wireless and long distance communication
This project is a very good example of embedded systems as all its operations are controlled by
intelligent software inside the microcontroller.
GSM based device control and monitoring system, uses the GSM technology to control and
monitor the house, office appliances and equipment's via the mobile phone set by sending
commands in forms of SMS messages and receiving the appliance status. This project helps us in
understanding the GSM technology and its proper use.
Transformer protection using Numerical Relay, the aim of this project is to analyze and upgrade
existing transformer protection scheme. This project shares the idea of protecting the transformer
against all the faults occurring in the power system using numerical relay.

4
 Chapter-3
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3.1 Software Required:

 Arduino
 Proteus

3.2 Hardware required

 Arduino UNO
 Single Phase Transformer
 LM 35
 GSM Module
 LCD
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 SIM Card
 Diodes
 Relay
 Potentiometer

5
 Chapter-4
Project Design and Architecture

4.1 Block Diagram:

Receiver

3 phase
GSM Module
supply

Circuit
breaker

Temperature Sensor

Three
Micro
Controller Phase
Current sensor Transformer

Voltage sensor

6
4.2 Component Description
4.2.1 LM-35

 Calibrated directly in Celsius(Centigrade)

 0.5oC Ensured Accuracy ( at 25oC)
 Rated for full -55oC to 150oC Range
 Suitable for Remote Applications
 Operation from 4V to 30V
 Low – Impedance output , 0.1 Ohm for 1mA load

Fig 4.2.1: LM-35

4.2.2 GSM Module

 Operating Voltage: 5 – 15V DC

 Use extremely popular SIM 900
 Provides serial TTL interface for easy and direct interface to microcontroller
 On Board 3V Lithium battery holder with appropriate circuitry for providing
backup for the modules internal RTC
 Can be controlled through standard AT command
 Comes with an onboard wire antenna for better reception
 Low power consumption of 0.25A during normal operations and around 1A
during transmission.

7
 4.2.2.1 GSM SPECIFICATION
GSM Module SIM 900
Frequency 850 MHz/900MHz/1800MHz/1900MHz
Modem interface RS 232 Series Interface
Baud Rate 9600bps
Power Requirement 5v to 15v
Current Requirement <590mA
Operating Temperature -40oC to +85oC
Weight 40g

Fig 4.2.2: GSM Module

8
4.2.3 LCD:
The LCD is a 14 pin device in a row. The voltage Vcc and Vss provided by +5V and ground
respectively while Vee is used for controlling LCD contrast. Variable voltage between Ground
and Vcc is used to specify the contrast of the characters on the LCD screen.

Fig 4.2.3: LCD

4.2.4 Arduino UNO:

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

Fig 4.2.4.1 ARDUINO OVERVIEW

9
 4.2.4.2 PIN LAYOUT :

Fig 4.2.4.2 ARDUINO UNO PIN MAPPING

4.2.5 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM):

One of the key feature of GSM is the Subscriber Identity module (SIM), commonly known as SIM
card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the user’s subscription information and
phonebook. This allows the users to retain his or hers information after switching handsets.
Alternately, the user can also change operator while retaining the handset simple by changing SIM.

10
4.2.6 Selection of Transformer:
The step down transformer of 0-9V is used to step down AC line voltage of 220V to 9V. We select
the transformer of 0-9V considering the reduction due to the various losses.

4.2.7 Selection of Diodes:

The step down 9V ac is converted to dc voltage using 4 diodes bridge rectifier circuit.

4.2.8 Selection of Capacitor:

Capacitors are used as filtering component. They filter out ac ripples present in the ac output of
full wave rectifier. WE sue the standard electrolytic capacitor of rating 100uf/25V and 100uF/25V
for this purpose.

4.2.9 Relay:
A relay is electromagnetic device. They are used as control device in our project i.e. to turn ON or
OFF the circuit breaker. Operating voltage 5-12V.

Fig 4.2.13 Relay

11
 Chapter-5
METHODOLOGY

5.1 Flow Diagram

Start

Power Supply

Check Voltage,
Current, Temperature

Send Signal to
microcontroller

Is it above
reference
value??

Send signal to GSM

Send SMS to operator

Stop

12
5.2 Circuit Diagram:

Fig5.2.1: Circuit Diagram

13
 Chapter 6
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

6.1 Functional requirement

The following is a list of functional requirement of the control unit/module.
 The control unit will have the ability to connect to the cellular network
automatically
 The microcontroller within the control unit will issue its command to the circuit
breaker through a relay driving circuit whenever the fault occurs
 The microcontroller within the control unit should be able to send status message
back to the cellular phone through the cellular network.
 The mobile operator will be able to receive text message and will be able to interpret
text message for further action for the prevention of the transformer.

The following is a list of functional requirement of sensor used

 Different sensor used for their perspective work should ha capability of sensing
their predefined parameter. e.g voltage sensor senses voltage level, current sensor
senses current level, oil level sensor senses the rise in oil level, temperature sensor
senses the rise in temperature.

6.2 Technology considerations

The consideration for this system will include a choice of networks, communication protocol and
interfaces.

 Cellular Networks: The widely available networks are based on GSM. This network
provides a wide range of coverage and can be utilized more effectively for our project.
 Communication Protocols: The SMS is most efficient because this project
requires a cellular communication and limited data be sent.
 I/o interface between microcontroller and GSM module: Serial or parallel I/O
will be considered as option for connection between the GSM module and the micro
controller

14
6.3 Testing requirement
The following testing requirement will be indicators that the system can successfully be
implemented.
The receiver will b tested for successful communication with network. This will include
automation and consistency of the connection and will be conducted by team members in the
following way:
 The cellular phone will dial the GSM receivers’ number.
 Once the connection is established a stream of data will be send to the GSM receiver
 The GSM receiver will be given data to be transmitted to the cellular phone.

Success/Failure criteria: The data will be observed on both ends to verify its consistency. The
test will be considered successful if integrity of the sent and received data is maintained
up/downstream. It will be considered failure otherwise.

6.4 Safety Considerations

The following is a list of safety considerations:
 Proper ventilation to keep system cool will be implemented.
 Proper wiring and insulation will be implemented to avoid damages and harm to user.

6.5 Commercialization
Possible customer for this project product would be different power distributing companies and
associations whom serve the electricity demand of the consumers. The benefit of this is the end
product can be sold in large quantities and it can be incorporated into the distribution of electrical
energy. This project helps in uplifting the profit margin of the power distribution transformer for
long time against different faults.

15
 Chapter-7
Result and Analysis

Fig 7.1 & 7.2 :Output from LCD

16
Fig:7.3: Output From LCD
Fig7.4: SMS

17
 Chapter 8
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS

8.1 Conclusion
The GSM based monitoring of distribution transformer is quite useful as compared to manual
monitoring and also it is reliable as it is not possible to monitor always the oil level, oil temperature
rise, load current, Voltage manually. After receiving of message any abnormality we can take
action immediately to prevent any catastrophic failures of distribution transformers. In a
distribution network there are many distribution transformers and associating each transformer
with such system, we can easily figure out that which transformer is undergoing fault from the
message sent to mobile. We need not have to check all transformer and corresponding phase
current and voltage and thus we can recover the system in less time. The time for receiving message
may vary due to the possible public GSM network traffic but still then it is effective than manual
monitoring.

8.2 Limitations
The limitations of our projects are as follows;
 Due to unavailability of oil-level sensor and current sensor we were not able to
read the current and the oil level
 Connection between GSM module and the mobile user is quite difficult because of
proper network connection.

8.3 Future Enhancements

The future implications of the project are very great considering the amount of time and resource
it saves. A server module can be included to this system for receiving and storing transformer
parameters information periodically about all the distribution transformer of a particular utility in
a database application. This database will be a useful source of information on the utility
transformers. Analysis of these stored data helps the utility in monitoring the operational behaviour
of their distribution transformers and identifies faults before any catastrophic failure thus resulting
in significant cost saving as well as improving system reliability. Furthermore, we can design a
special circuit which can trip the circuit breaker automatically in case of fault before the SMS
reaches the mobile operator which makes the operation ever faster than it is now.

18
 Reference
[1] Eoin Gotze “Microcontroller Based Home Appliances Control,” Aerospace Corp., Los
Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1998.
[2] J.H. Davis and J. R. Codgell, “GSM Based Device Control and Monitoring System,” Elect.
Eng. Res. Lab., Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL- 006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
[3] R.E. Haskell and C.T. Case, “Transformer Protection Using Numerical Relay,” USAF
Cambridge Res. Labs., Cambridge, MA, Rep. ARCRL-66-234(II), 1994, Vol 2.
[4] www.tamura-europe.co.uk/assets/cu2.jpg

[5] http://cdn.intructables.com/FE0/DHQ4/HV2AIB0DHQ4HV2AIB01.LARGE.jpg

[6] http://gillsc.com/context/rxl-stainless-level-sensor.html

[7] http://www.rhydolabz.com/wiki/wp-content/uploads/GSM-GPRSSIMM900spec.jpg

[8] http://www.thengineeringprojects.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sim900-gsm-module-

pakistan.jpg

[9] https://electrosome.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/2013/07/16x2-LCD-Pin-Diagram.jpg

[10]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/OpAmpHysterisisOscillator.s

vg/220px-OpAmpHysterisisOscillator.svg.png

[11] http://www.ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/electricCircuits/Digital/04249.png

19
 APPENDIX

ARDUINO CODE:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
int alarm = 7;
float voltage=0;
float current=0;
float sensorValue = 0;
double temp;
int stime=0;
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); // initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
SoftwareSerial mySerial(9, 10); // initialize the library instances

void setup()
{

stime=millis(); //declaring time to 0 for daily update

pinMode(alarm,OUTPUT);
//pinMode(relay,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(9600);// initialize serial communications and wait for port to open:
// while (!Serial){} //Need for serial port to connect
lcd.begin(16, 2); // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.print("GSM!"); // Print a message to the LCD.

}
void loop()

20
{

// Daily Update
int ptime=millis()-stime;
int time = ptime/1000;
if(time>86400)
{
mySerial.println("AT");
delay(5000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"9808799540\"\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println(voltage);
mySerial.println(current);
mySerial.println(temp);
delay(100);
mySerial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
stime=millis();

}
delay(5000);
sensorValue = analogRead(A1);
// Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023)
voltage = sensorValue * (12 / 1023.0);
current = voltage/100 ;

21
int temp_value=0;
temp_value=analogRead(A0);
temp=(5.0*temp*100.0*25)/(1024.0*170);
//Serial.println((byte)temp);

// Voltage Read

delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.println("Voltage reading");
//Serial.println("Voltage reading");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.println(voltage,4);
//Serial.println(voltage,4);

//Current Read

delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.println("Current reading");
//Serial.println("Current reading");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.println(current,4);
//Serial.println(current,4);

//temperature

delay(2000);

22
 lcd.clear();
lcd.println("Temp Reading");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.println(temp,4);

//alarm notification

if(voltage==0||current>5||temp>40||temp<10)
{
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.println("Fault occured");
digitalWrite(alarm,HIGH);
delay(2000);
//GSM SMS program

mySerial.println("AT");
delay(5000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(1000); // Delay of 1000 milli seconds or 1 second
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"9808799540\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("Fault Occured..Please check transformer no.39");// The SMS text you want to
send
delay(100);
mySerial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);

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 }
else
lcd.println("Normal");
digitalWrite(alarm,LOW);
delay(1000);

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