Situation of DRRM and CCA in the Philippines

The Philippines sits on the western rim of the Pacific Ocean, surrounded by a vast expanse of
deep, warm ocean water making it the most active area for tropical cyclones. As it is located along the
Pacific Ocean’s “Ring of Fire”, the country is vulnerable to natural disasters from typhoons, tsunamis,
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and etc. The Philippines is made up of 7,500 islands, previously 7,107,
leaving the country highly vulnerable to the potential impacts of climate change (Torres, Rap). On
average, there are eight or nine tropical cyclones which make landfall in the country every year, with
another 10 entering Philippine waters.As the country is highly mountainous with large areas of coastal
plains, the risk of devastating landslides and storm surges are increased especially as these regions are
densely populated. According to the study conducted by United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
Reduction (UNISDR) and the Center on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), the Philippines has had
274 natural calamities in the past 20 years making us ranked fourth in the most disaster-prone country in
the world. It reported that the Philippines belongs to the top ten countries most affected by disasters with
130 billion people from 1995 to 2015 (Santos, 2016).
Even though the country is frequented by numerous natural hazards, disaster risk reduction and
mitigation efforts are still weak as the Philippines still remains as one of the poorest countries in the
world according to the CIA World Factbook despite its fast annual economic growth (Whiteman,2014).
With climate change, it is the most vulnerable countries who suffer the most. Philippine cities are
expected to experience numerous effects of climate change such as more intense El Niño, rising of sea
surface temperatures, ocean acidification, rising of sea levels, intensifying of tropical cyclones, as well
as rainfall, river flow and flooding (Ranada, 2014).
The El Niño phenomenon poses vast damage and destruction to agricultural countries as this
phenomenon can lead to abnormally dry conditions particularly in Southeast Asia. El Niño also triggers
highly unpredictable storms. The recent tragedy that occured in Kidapawan wherein the farmers from
North Cotabato have y, (relate this to Kidapawan farmers). By the end of the 21st century, sea surface
temperatures are expected to rise by 1 to 4 degrees Celsius leading to more powerful storms as they get
their strength from the heat emanated from the sea. This increased heat in the oceans will lead to coral
reef devastation causing decline in fish catch. Increased Ph levels of our oceans can lead to widespread
death of marine animals and plants as they cannot survive in a very acidic environment. These changes
in the environment caused by climate change will severely affect the livelihood of local fishermen as
well as further endangering the food security of the country.
Climate change will also result in increased sea surface heights due to the melting of polar ice
caps. A rise of 4 to 6 meters is predicted by scientists. As the Philippines is an archipelago of 7,500
islands, more than 167,000 hectares of coastland (0.6% of the country’s total land area) are projected to
go underwater (IDRC, 2015). Low-lying communities like Tacloban City will be submerged unless
there are structural adjustments within our existing policies (or creation of more appropriate policies) to
curb emissions on a global scale, as community level adaptation measures will not be enough to .
policies will be enathe govrernment (Examples of low lying communities, e.g. Tacloban)
Insert details of each effect and effect to local communities
The vulnerability of the Philippines is to disaster risk and climate change is aggravated by social,
economic and political factors, not just physical and geographical factors (CDRC, 2010). Poverty,
landlessness, inequalities to access to resources, high rate of population growth (population at risk),
technocratic and top-down approach of DRR) More references
Disaster management practice in the Philippines is still generally reactive, emergency focused
and relief oriented (CDRC, 2010) . It lacks preparedness, risk reduction of disaster management,
mitigation and adaptation. More references
According to existing Climate Change Frameworks, ëveryone should take
action”however--------- climate change advocates say that capitalist industrialized developed countries
should be made accountable and lead the fight against climate change.Climate Change Injustice - Who
should be made accountable and who should take action to address climate change. More references

Insert Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. Describe how it works etc
The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, the law that provides
implementation of DRMM framework in the country and mandates LGUs to prepare people is hardly
implemented (ayroso, 2015) More references

Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Program for Typhoon-Prone Regions in the Philippines of
the Citizens’ Disaster Response Center
Gains, Success and Accomplishments
How was success achieved?
What did they achieve?
Challenges and Difficulties
Providing a More Sustainable Model of Development
Overall Lessons and Reflections
The success of the Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Program (DPM) of Citizen’s Disaster Response
Center

Comparison and Contrast of DPM Program of CDRC(lahat wala pa)

Challenges and Limitations of MDRRM Plan
When disaster occurs, there are two mindsets of women. First was that they are worrying about
the safety of their family, love ones especially their children.their number one priority was their safety,
no matter what they needed to do they will do it with no hesitations. they are willing to give up
everything like their properties, personal belongings and other stuffs just to make sure that they are safe.
Second was that like those we see in the news, many of them doesn’t want to leave their homes. For the
reason that they already invested almost half of their life to it. Also they are afraid to lose it not because
due to the calamity but because of those who will try to occupy their own houses assuming that the
owner had already abandoned it. And the most saddest mindset that they could have is that the mindset
of soon the disaster will be over. So why take the risk of leaving if you are already fed up with the
situation going on everytime there is a disaster.
Some challenges that they faced were the lack of proper equipments to tend the victims or the
affected ones whenever there is a disaster. Also misallocation of funds that was suppose to be used to
prevent greater damage when there is a disaster.
Some provinces have less funds compared to the others that made them more vulnerable than the
others. Also the faced problems on the location or area of the place. There are some cases that

-broadening legal support for community-driven disaster response

-provision of appropriate supplies
-sustainability

References:

International Development Research Center (IDRC). (October 21, 2015). ‘Parts of Philippines may
submerge due to global warming’. Science Daily. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151021104913.htm last May 27, 2016

Ranada, Pia. (January 22, 2014). ”6 ways climate change will affect PH cities” Rappler. Retrieved from
http://www.rappler.com/nation/48599-six-ways-climate-change-affects-ph-cities last May 27, 2016.

Santos, Eimor. (January 21, 2016). ‘Philippines among world’s most disaster-prone countries” CNN
Philiippines. Retrieved from http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/11/25/philippines-fourth-most-
disaster-prone-country.html last May 27, 2016.

Torres, Rap. (February 17, 2016). “7,107 no more? NAMRIA discovers 400 more islands in
PH’’Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from http://www.mb.com.ph/7107-no-more-namria-discovers-400-
more-islands-in-ph/#edjrDAXzFRBT99Kc.99 last May 27, 2016.
Whiteman, Hillary. (December 5, 2014). “Philippines gets more than its share of disasters” CNN.
Retrieved from
(http://edition.cnn.com/2013/11/08/world/asia/philippines-typhoon-destruction/ last May 27, 2016.