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KQ2 Depth Study PDF

Hitler took control of the Nazi party in 1922 and became its undisputed leader. He possessed strong charismatic leadership skills and was able to deliver powerful speeches. Other Nazi leaders included Herman Georing, Josef Goebbels, Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler, and Ernest Rohm, each in charge of different aspects of the party. The SA acted as the Nazi's private army, intimidating opponents and protecting Hitler. The failed Munich Putsch of 1923 boosted the Nazis' publicity but showed they lacked widespread support. Hitler was imprisoned for nine months after the failed coup and used the time to rethink his strategy of gaining power through democratic means rather than violence.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
94 views5 pages

KQ2 Depth Study PDF

Hitler took control of the Nazi party in 1922 and became its undisputed leader. He possessed strong charismatic leadership skills and was able to deliver powerful speeches. Other Nazi leaders included Herman Georing, Josef Goebbels, Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler, and Ernest Rohm, each in charge of different aspects of the party. The SA acted as the Nazi's private army, intimidating opponents and protecting Hitler. The failed Munich Putsch of 1923 boosted the Nazis' publicity but showed they lacked widespread support. Hitler was imprisoned for nine months after the failed coup and used the time to rethink his strategy of gaining power through democratic means rather than violence.

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issy
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Hitler

takes control
• took control of Nazi party - 1922 undisputed leader
• need for his charisma and skill at speeches
• one strong and powerful leader

Nazi Leaders
1. Herman Georing - in charge of SA
2. Josef Goebbels - in charge of propaganda
3. Rudolf Hess - deputy Fuhrer, Hitler’s private secretary, organizer
4. Heinrich Himmler - in charge of SS
5. Ernest Rohm - set up SA and leads SA in 1921

SA (The Stormtroopers)
• ex soldiers
• private army for Nazis
• inNmidates opponents
• fight communists
• protect Hitler
• send an image of the Nazis being able to keep law and order

Munich Putsch - public acclaim for Nazis

Hitler aPempted to overthrow the Weimar government in November 1923. During


the golden age (1923-28), the Nazi party struggled to gain support because the
economy was stable due to many foreign policies, therefore people were not
looking for extreme parNes to take over.

Causes:
• resentment for weimar Germany
• stab in the back myth
• Stresemann called off the policy of passive resistance to solve occupaNon of
the Ruhr situaNon
• RW extremists felt betrayed and were angry
• thought he had the support from the army and believed he could persuade
army leaders e.g. Ludendorff
• wanted to gain power for the Nazi party

What happened:
• sept 1923 - chancellor Stresemann called off the policy of passive resistance
• right wing extremists were angry - felt betrayed
• 8 nov - beer putsch
• broke into beer hall meeNng with 600 SAs
• declared a naNonal government
• persuaded Kahr and Ludendorff to support Hitler
• 9 nov - Munich putsch
• 3000 Nazis marched into Munich
• confronted by 100 armed policemen
• 16 Nazis killed
• Hitler arrested and imprisoned for 9 months - lenient sentence as the judges
were RW naNonalists
• Putsch failed to overthrow Weimar

Successes Failures
Gained reputaNons, naNonwide publicity Putsch was a failure due to lack of support
and fame for Nazi party and poor planning
His speech on Nazism ideas during trial Easily crushed
was reported in German newspaper -
spread of Nazi message
Made Hitler famous 16 Nazis killed
Wrote Mein Kampf - his main ideas Showed that they didn't have much power
outlined or support
Prison forced Hitler to re think his tacNcs Nazi party banned but conNnued to
for gebng power - stop using violence and operate in secret
force and instead enter Nazis into
elecNons

Mein Kampf/ Hitler’s views


• naFonal socialism - stood for loyalty to Germany, racial purity, equality and
state control of economy
• racism - Aryans were the superior race, anN semanNc
• armed force - war and struggle were essenNal part of development of healthy
Aryan race
• lebensraum - expansion of german territory, more living space
• Fuhrer - debate and democraNc discussion produced weakness, so all power
to one strong leader

How did the Nazis change their tacFcs between 1924 - 1929?
• seize power democraNcally
• became an electorally viable party

Nazis tried to appeal to everyone


• flexible and vague with what he promises
• need to gain trust and more support first

Working Class Appeal


• increased anN semanNc propaganda
• offered jobs and security
• BUT - extreme radical workers tended to vote KPD

Middle Class Appeal


• protecNon for small businesses
• protecNon for farmers
• law and order
• return back to tradiNonal authority

Popular Leadership
• Hitler was popular and effecNve public speaker
• used speeches to tell Germans his promises
• used simple language so it was easy to remember
• seemed to be someone who cared about German people
• posters and rallies made him to be like a superhero - adapted his body shape

Use of propaganda
• Goebbels was in charge of propaganda and raising support for Nazis
• used radio - first party to use technology to broadcast Hitlers speeches
• rallies - Hitler gave many effecNve, powerful speeches
• newspapers - spread Nazi message
• elecNon posters - targeted specific groups of people
• training for public speakers
• Nazi messages kept simple and frequently repeated
• highly efficient at spreading Nazi message all over Germany

Strengthen the SA
• 1925, enlarged SA
• 55% of SA came from unemployed
• set up the SS - Hitler’s personal bodyguards
• membership of the Nazi party rose to more than 100,000 by 1928

In 1928, Nazis were sFll unsuccessful….


• support of less than 3 percent of populaNon
• smallest party with fewer seats than communists
• prosperity of Stresemann years made Germans uninterested one extreme
poliNcs

Why did the Nazis have liWle success before 1930?


• Disastrous Munich putsch
• putsch was crushed by 100 policemen and failed
• nazis had been humiliated
• people did not rise up to support him
• Failed to get working class support
• economy was prospering
• most industrial workers supported LW parNes
• Successes in the Weimar government
• economic recovery
• successful foreign policies
• golden age
• Nazi aims were irrelevant to most Germans
• Lack of support from police and army

What successes did the Nazis have before 1930?


• Munich Putsch
• gained reputaNon, enormous publicity and fame
• Hitler’s trail aier Munich Putsch
• gave a speech about the Nazis and their ideas
• reported in the newspaper - publicity
• Changing his tacNcs and policies
• target different groups and promised them different things to win support
• won the support of middle class and farmers
• Hitler being imprisoned aier Munich putsch made him rethink his tacNcs
for power - changed from using force to trying to gain seats during elecNon
• Goebbels and the use of propaganda
• raising profile and efficient way to spread message
• Hitler’s speaking ability
• unified party under leadership of Hitler

How did Hitler rise to power?

1) The Depression 1929


• American stock market crashed and sent USA into disastrous economic
depression
• Germany was badly affected - economic collapse

Impacts of Depression
• businesses went bankrupt
• low income
• unemployment increased rapidly
• farmers were further in debt
• 40% of workers were unemployed by 1932
• govn. cut unemployment benefit to save money
• sNll needed to pay reparaNons

Depression weakened Weimar Republic


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