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Participles: Walking Home

The document discusses how participles can be used as adjectives with active (-ing) or passive (-ed) meanings. It also explains how participles can replace different types of clauses, including time clauses, relative clauses, clauses of reason, passive clauses, and conditional sentences. Specifically, present participles (-ing) can replace time clauses, active voice relative clauses, and clauses of reason. Past participles (-ed) can replace passive clauses, passive voice relative clauses, and conditional sentences. Perfect participles use having + past participle to refer to actions that happened earlier than another past action.

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21 views

Participles: Walking Home

The document discusses how participles can be used as adjectives with active (-ing) or passive (-ed) meanings. It also explains how participles can replace different types of clauses, including time clauses, relative clauses, clauses of reason, passive clauses, and conditional sentences. Specifically, present participles (-ing) can replace time clauses, active voice relative clauses, and clauses of reason. Past participles (-ed) can replace passive clauses, passive voice relative clauses, and conditional sentences. Perfect participles use having + past participle to refer to actions that happened earlier than another past action.

Uploaded by

PuRe Sp3ctre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Participles

I. Participles can be used as adjectives.


a) Present participle (-ing) with an active meaning
e. g. surprising, shocking, exciting, disappointing etc.
b) Past participle (-ed) with a passive meaning
e.g. surprised, shocked, excited, disappointed etc.
II. Participles can replace clauses
a) Present participle (-ing): it can be used to replace time clauses, relative
clauses in the active voice or clauses of reason.
e.g. As she was walking home, she met her boss. (time clause)
Walking home, she met her boss.
The man who lives next door is rather grumpy. (relative clause)
The man living next door is rather grumpy.
He left without saying a word because he didn’t want to hurt her. (reason)
Not wanting to hurt her, he left without saying a word.
b) Past participle (-ed): it can replace passive clauses, relative clauses and
conditional sentences in the passive.
e.g. She was surprised by the news and called her mum at once.
Surprised by the news, she called her mum at once.
A boy who was called James saved the village from destruction. (relative)
A boy called James saved the village from destruction.
If dogs are taken for a walk regularly, they are more relaxed.
Taken for a walk regularly, dogs are more relaxed.
c) Perfect participle: it is used for actions that happened earlier than another
action in the past (past perfect)
 active – having + V3
e.g. He couldn’t open the door because he had forgotten his keys.
Having forgotten his keys, he couldn’t open the door.
 passive – having + been + V3
e.g. He couldn’t find the museum because he had been given the
wrong direction.
Having been given the wrong direction, he couldn’t find the museum.

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