CHAPTER 1

1.1 Using the definition of acceleration:

∆v 60 mph − 0 88 ft/sec − 0
α= − = = 9.57 ft/sec2
∆t 9.2 − 0 9.2 sec

1.2 Differentiate x(t) to obtain the velocity:

v(t) = ẋ(t) = −10t + 88 ft/sec.
Differentiating again yields the acceleration:
a(t) = ẍ(t) = −10 ft/sec2 .
So v(t) = 0 = −10t + 88.
Solving this for t yields that:
v(t) = 0 at t = 8.8 sec.

1.3 Evaluating x at zero yields x(0) = 5 m.

Differentiating yields ẋ(t) = v(t) = 3t2 − 2
so that v(0) = −2 m/s.
Likewise
a(t) = ẍ(t) = 6t
so that a(0) = 0.
Now at t = 3 sec,
x(3) = 27 − 2(3) + 5 = 26 m,
v(3) = 27 − 2 = 25 m/s
and a(3) = 18 m/s2 .
Since the velocity changes sign during this interval, the particle has doubled
back and to compute the total distance traveled during the interval you must
compute how far it travels before it changes direction and then add this to the
distance traveled after the particle has changed direction. The particle changes
direction when the velocity is zero, or at the value of t for which
v(t) = 3t2 − 2 = 0,
or at time
t = 0.8165.
The particle first moves from
x(0) = 5 m to x(0.8165) = 3.9 m or a distance of 1.1 m.

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 It then changes direction and moves from 3.9 m to
x(3) = 26 m. Thus it travels a total distance of
(26 − 3.9) + 1.1 = 1.1 + 1.1 + 21 = 23.2 m.

1.4 This again is straightforward differentiation:

v(t) = ẋ(t) = 2t − 2.
This is zero when t satisfies:
2t − 2 = 0 or t = 1 sec.
Next:
a(t) = ẍ(t) = v̇(t) = 2 ft/sec2 which is constant acceleration.
Alternately, the distance traveled can be computed directly from integrating
the absolute value of the velocity:
R3
d= 0 |3t2 − 2|dt = 23.178 m

1.5 Solution: v(t) = ẋ(t) = 6 cos 2t m/s. a(t) = ẍ(t) = v̇(t) = −12 sin(2t) m/sec2 .
Setting −12 sin(2t) = 0, yields 2t = π, or t = 0, π/2 s, π, 3π/2...nπ/2, for the
times for the acceleration to hit zero.

1.6 From the definition, straightforward differentiation yields: xA = (3t2 + 6t) ft

so the vA = (6t + 6) ft/sec
and aA = 6 ft/sec2 . Likewise, xB = 3t3 + 2t
so that vB = (9t2 + 2) ft/sec
and aB = 18t ft/sec2
a)Thus at t = 1 sec:
xA (1) = 9 ft, vA (1) = 12 ft/sec, and aA (1) = 6 ft/sec2
xB (1) = 5 ft, vB (1) = 11 ft/sec, and aB (1) = 18 ft/sec2
So that A is ahead of B and has the largest velocity, but B is accelerating faster
the A.
b) Now at t = 2 sec:
xA (2) = 24 ft, vA (2) = 18 ft/sec, and aA (2) = 6 ft/sec2
xB (2) = 28 ft, vB (2) = 38 ft/sec, and aB (2) = 36 ft/sec2
Now B is ahead of A, and has larger velocity and acceleration

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 c) To find where A and B have moved the same distance, let xA (t) = xB (t) and
solve for t. This yields

3t2 + 6t = 3t3 + 2t, or t2 − t − 4/3 = 0 and t = 0

Solving yields t = +1.758s and t = −1.758s.

Here we are interested in the positive value of time so that
xA (1.758) = xB (1.758) = 3(1.758)2 + 6(1.758) = 3(1.759)3 + 2(1.758) = 19.81 ft.

1.7 Note that this is an inverse problem. Straightforward differeniation yields:

v(t) = 3(−e−t sin 10t + e−t 10 cos 10t) = 3e−t (10 cos 10t − sin 10t)
a(t) = 3e−t (−102 sin 10t − 10 cos 10t) − 3e−t (10 cos 10t − sin 10t)
= −3e−t (99 sin 10t − 20 cos 10t)

1.8 From the definition

x(t) = t3 − 6t2 − 15t + 40 ft
so that:
ẋ = v = 3t2 − 12t − 15 ft/sec,
and ẍ = a = 6t − 12 ft/sec.
a) v(t) = 0 requires 3t2 − 12t − 15 = 0
or t2 − 4t − 5 = 0.
Solving for t yields:
t = −1 and 5.
Taking the positive value of t, the velocity is zero at t = 5 sec.
b) At t = 5 sec,
x(t) = x(5) = (5)3 − 6(5)2 − (15)(5) + 40 = −60 ft.
At rest t = 0,
x(0) = 40.
Then the particle has moved from 40 to -60 or 40 + 60 = 100 ft.
c) a(5) = (6)(5) − 12 = 18 ft/sec2 .

1.9 Note: The purpose of this problem is to hit home the idea that the distance
traveled and the displacement are different. This problem is easiest to solve
using computational software as it involves plots. Students could also use a
symbolic processor to compute the derivatives, although it would be a little over

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 kill and they must be reminded that simple derivations should be something they
can do in their head, on tests, while complicated derivatives are more accurately
done with software. The plots are also easy to sketch by hand, but if they are
inexperienced at plotting using software, it is best to start them off with some
simple plots.

a) v(t) = ẋ = 0.6 cos 2t

a(t) = ẍ = −1.2 sin 2t.
b) 3 sin 2t travels a distance of 0.3m in the time 0 to π4 sec and back another
0.3m returning back to the origin from π4 to π2 s. So the total distance traveled
is 0.3 + 0.3 = 0.6m (maybe look at the plot first).
   
c) The position of the mass at t = π2 s however is x π
2
= 0.3 sin 2π
2
= 0.
Note the position at any point is not always the distance traveled, which in b)
is shown to be 0.6m.

π
t 0 , .01 ..
2
x t 0.3 sin 2 . t
.
v t 0.6 . cos 2 . t
a t 1.2 . sin 2 . t

x t
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
v t

a t 1

FIGURE S1.9

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.10 Differentiation yields v(t) = 88.92 sin 0.26t ft, and
a(t) = 23.12 cos 0.26t ft/sec2 .
The plot of each follows.

t 0 , 0.1 .. 12.2

x t 342 . 1 cos 0.26 . t v t 88.92 . sin 0.26 . t

a t 23.12 . cos 0.26 . t

1000

x t 500

v t

a t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

500

FIGURE S1.10

1.11 The following code in Matlab computes the velocity from the displacement data
and plots it:
x=[8 9 11 13 14 15 17 18 22 27 32 37 41 44 46 48 49 49 48 47 46];
t=0;,01:02;
n=length (x);
v=0*x;
dt=.01;
for i=1:n-1
v(i+1)=(x(i+1)-x(i)/dt;
end
v
plot(t,v),xlabel(‘t*dt or elapsed time’), title (‘velocity versus time’)

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 This produces the following output:
v=
Columns 1 through 12
0 100 200 200 100 100 200 100 400 500 500 500
Columns 13 through 21
400 300 200 200 100 0 -100 -100 -100
And the following plot:

velocity versus time

500

400

300

200

100

-100
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
t*dt or elapsed time

FIGURE S1.11a
The following produces the corresponding acceleration:
EDU>>a=0*v;
EDU>>for i=1:n-1
a(i+1)=(v(i+1)-v(i))/dt;
end
EDU>a
a=
Columns 1 through 6
0 10000 10000 0 -10000 0
Columns 7 through 12
10000 -10000 30000 10000 0 0
Columns 13 through 18
-10000 -10000 -10000 0 -10000 -10000

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Columns 19 through 21
-10000 0 0
EDU>>plot(t,a),xlabel(‘elapsed time’), title (‘acceleration ersus time’)

x 10
4 acceleration versus time
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
elapsed time

FIGURE S1.11b

1.12 Consider the following Matlab code which uses the central difference to compute
the velocity:
x=[8 9 11 13 14 15 17 18 22 27 32 37 41 44 46 48 49 49 48 47 46];
t=0:,.01:0.2;
n=length (x);
v=0*x;
dt=.01;
for i=1:n-1
v(i)=(x(i+1)-x(i-1))/(2*dt);
end
v
plot(t,v),xlabel(’t*dt or elapsed time’),title(velocity versus time’)

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 This results in the following values:
v=
Columns 1 through 12
0 150 200 150 0 100 150 150 250 0 450 500 500 450
Columns 13 through 21
350 250 200 150 50 -50 -100 -100 0
And the following plot:

velocity versus time

500

400

300

200

100

-100
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
t*dt or elapsed time

The following is the Mathcad code for solving this problem:

i 1. . 19 ∆ t=0.01
xi 1 xi 1
v
i 1
2. ∆t
600

400

v 200
i

200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
t

velocity in mm/s versus time in s

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.13 Solution:
y(t) = −4.905t2 + 20t (m)
v = ẏ(t) = −9.81t + 20 (m/s)

a = v̇ = −9.81 (m/s)
The position, velocity and acceleration at t = 5 are
y(5) = −22.625 m, v(5) = −29.05 m/s, a(5) = −9.81 m/s2
Note that the ball returns to its initial state of y(5) = 0 when t satisfies
−4.905t2 + 20t = 0 or, t = 20/4905 = 2.07 sec.
Then to obtain the total distance traveled by the ball, we need to calculate
when the ball changes direction, i.e., when v(t) = 0.
v(t) = 0 = −9.81t + 20 or t = 2.0395.
From t = 0 to 2.039 sec. the ball travels a distance of y = 20.39 ft.
It then travels back past zero (the top of the building) another 20.39 ft. to
y(0) = 0.
It then travels on a distance of y(5) = −22.625, beyond zero.
Thus the total distance traveled by the ball is 20.39 + 20.39 + 22.625 = 63.4 m.

1.14 Solution: x, v and a are given respectively by:

x(t) = e−ct sin ωt
v(t) = −ce−ct sin ωt + e−ct ω cos ωt
a(t) = c2 e−ct sin(ωt) − 2cωe−ct cos ωt − ω 2 e−ct sin ωt
x(0) = 0, v(0) = ω, a(0) = −2cω

1.15 Solution:
x(t) = 3t3 − 2t2 + 5, x(0) = 5m
v(t) = ẋ(t) = 9t2 − 4t, v(0) = 0 m/s
a(t) = v̇(t) = 18t − 4, a(0) = −4 m/s2

1.16 The velocity and acceleration are respectively:

v(t) = 4 · t · cos(π · t) − 2 · t2 · sin(π · t) · π
a(t) = 4 · cos(π · t) − 8 · t · sin(π · t) · π − 2 · t2 · cos(π · t) · π 2
so that x(0) = v(0) = 0 and a(0) = 4

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.17 Solution:
y(t) = 3t2 − 20, so y(0) = −20 m
v(t) = ẏ(t) = 6t, so v̇(0) = 0 m/s
a(t) = ÿ(t) = 6, so a(0) = 6 m/s2

1.18 Solution:
x(t) = exp(−0.1 · t) · (3 cos t cos(2 · t) + sin(2 · t)), x(0) = 3
v(t) = 1.7 · exp(−.1 · t) · cos(2 · t) − 6.1 · exp(−.1 · t) · sin(2 · t), v(0) = 1.7
a(t) = −12.36exp(−0.1t) · cos(2t) − 2.79 · exp(−0.1t) · sin(2t), a(0) = −12.37

1.19 Solution:
x(t) = 5 · t − exp(−t) · 3 · t, x(0) = 0;
v(t) = 5 + 3 · exp(−t) · t − 3 · exp(−t), v(0) = 2;
a(t) = −3 · exp(−t) · t + 6 · exp(−t), a(0) = 6.

1.20 Solution: There is no derivative at t = 5, however the problem may be split

using heaviside functions and differentiated over the two intervals.

t 0 , .01 .. 10

y t 5 . t. Φ 5 t 25 20 . sin π . t π .Φ t 5

y1 t 5. Φ 5 t 20 . cos π . t π .Φ t 5 is the velocity

y11 t 20 . π 2 . sin π . t π .Φ t 5 is the acceleration

200

y11 t

y1 t 0 5 10

200

FIGURE S1.20

10

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 During the 1st interval the slope dy/dt is constant. From the plot y(t) =
20−0
4−0
t− = 5t for t = 0 to 5 sec. In the interval t > 5, y(t) = 25 + A sin(ωt + φ)
where ω is the frequency and φ is the plane and A is the amplitude of the sine
wave.
From the plot A = 20, the period T = 2 sec, so that ω = 2π T
= π. To find the
phase evaluate y(5) = 25 = 25 + 20(sin(πt + φ) so that πt + φ = nπ, where n is
any integer or φ = (n − 5)π, so φ = π will work. Thus:

5t 0<t<5

y(t) =
20 sin(πt − π) t>5
5 0<t<5

′
y (t) =
20π cos(πt − π) t>5
0 0<t<5

y ′′(t) = 2
−20π sin(πt − π) t>5

1.21 Solution: aave = 60−0 mph

5 sec
= 60 mph
5 sec
= 12 5280 ft mile 1 1 hour
mile hour sec 3600 sec
= (12)(5280)
300
ft/sec2
2
= 17.6 ft/sec
17.6 ft/sec2 = 17.6 3.25
m ft
sec2
= 5.4 m/sec2
5.4 m(sec)
9.81 m/sec2
= 0.55 g’s or about 55% of a g.

1.22 One answer: a 4 min mile is near a record speed for trained runners so:
1 mile 1 mile 1 min 5280 ft
v= 4 min
= 4 min 60 sec
· mile
= 22 ft/sec
or about 6.71 meter/s, or about 15 mph. On the other hand a sprinter can
cover 100 m dash in 10 seconds, or 10 m/s.

1.23 The Matlab solution follows (see problem 1.11 and 1.12 also):
%first assign the data to the vector v
v = [0 0.2 0.27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.5]; n=length(v);
%assign the time step
t=0:,0.1:11;
dt=0.1; a=0.*v; x=0.*v; % zeros in a and x
%using a loop (see statics supplement or student ed. of Matlab)

11

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 for i=1:n-1
x(i)=(v(i+1)+v(i))*(0.1)/2
end
for i=2:n
a(i)=(v(i-1)-v(i))/0.1
end
%to see the result plotted use the following
plot(t,x), xlabel (‘t*dt or elapsed time’), title (‘[position vs time’)
plot(t,a), xlabel (‘t*dt or elapsed time’), title (‘acceleration vs time’)
Note these plots are not given but appear in the text.

1.24 Solution:
Here is the Mathcad solution. From the plot estimate the following data:
x0 0 x1 0 x2 0 x3 .02 x 4 .04 x 11 0
x5 .1 x 6 0.18 x 7 0.25 x 8 0.38 x 9 0.5 x 10 0.7
These are measured every 0.1 sec. Thus the velocity becomes:
n 0 , 1 .. 10
x n 1 xn
vn Which is plotted below
0.1
5

0
vn

10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
n. 0.1

Next estimate the acceleration from the velocity:

vn 1 vn
which is plotted below
an
0.1

100

an 0

100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.1 . n

12

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Next the equivalent Matlab code is given (without the plots as they look the
same). This is the same type of code used in problems 1.11, 1.12 and 1.23.

x=[0 0 0 0.02 0.04 0.1 0.18 0.25 0.38 0.7];

t=0:0.1:10; dt=0.1;
n=length(x);
v=0*x; a=0*v;
for i=1:n-1
v(i)=(x(i+1)-x(i))/0.1
a(i)=(v(i+1)-v(i))/0.1
end
plot (t,v), title (‘velocity versus time’)
plot (t,a), title (‘acceleration versus time’)

1.25 This is of second order and is linear x(t). The term sin(πt) is nonlinear but in
t, not x.

1.26 This is first order and linear in v(t).

1.27 This is first order and linear in v(t)

1.28 This is second order in θ and nonlinear because of the term sin θ(t).

1.29 This is second order in θ(t) and nonlinear because of the terms (dθ/dt)|dθ/dt|
and sin θ(t).

1.30 This is first order in v and nonlinear because of the term v 2 .

1.31 This is second order and linear in x(t).

1.32 This is still linear of second order in x(t).

13

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.33 Solution:
a(t) = 3t2 − 4t, x(0) = 0, v(0) = 0
Rt 2 3 2
v(t) = 0 (3t − 4t)t = t − 2t ft/sec
Rt 3 2 1 4 2 3
x(t) = 0 (t − 2t dt = 4 t − 3 t ft

The plot from Mathcad is:

2
x(t): = 0.25 t 2 - 3_ t 3 t 0 , 0.01 . . 2

x t 1

2
0 1 2
t

FIGURE S1.33

1.34 Solution:
a(t) = 40t cos πt
Rv Rt
3 dv = 0 40x cos πxdx
40
v(t) = 3 + π2
[cos πt + tπ sin πt − 1]
Rx 40 Rt
5 dx = 3t + π2 0 (cos πx + xπ sin πx − 1)dx
x(t) = 5 + 3t + 40
π3
sin πt − 40 π
t + π403 [sin πx − πx cos πx]t0
x(t) = 5 + (3t − 40
π
t) + π403 [2 sin πt − πt cos πx]

14

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The following is typed in Mathcad to produce the desired plot

t 0 , .01 .. 10

40 . 40 .
x t 5 3 t 2 . sin π . t π . t . cos π t
π2 π3

50

x t 0

50
0 5 10
t

The equivalent Matlab code is:

sys t
x=5+(3-40/pin2)*t+(40/pin3)*(2*sin(pi*t)-pi*t*cos(pi*t))
ezplot(x,[0,10])
(the plot is suppressed here)

1.35 For the car t0 = 0, x0 = 0, vf = 60 mph = 88 ft/sec, tf = 6. For constant

acceleration equation (1.28) yields at = vf or acar = 886
= 14.67 ft/sec2 . In
terms of g’s, a = 14.67
32.2
= 46%g. For the sprinter t0 = 0, x0 = 0, vf = 10 m/s
and xf = 15 m. From equation (1.30)

vf2 − v02 102 − 0

a= = = 3.33 m/s2
2(xf − x0 ) 2(15 − 6)
3.33
In terms of g, a = 9.81
= 34%g.

1.36 a) This is constant acceleration with a0 = −9.81 m/s2 (taking positive x as up),
v0 = 10 m/s and x0 = 0. Equation (1.30) relates the displacement, acceleration
and velocity. At the top of the motion v = 0, so eq. (1.30) becomes
0 = 2(−9.81)(xtop ) + v02 or xtop = 5.1 m

15

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 b) Equation (1.29) relates constant acceleration to velocity, time and position.
When the ball returns to its initial position x = 0 and equation (1.29) becomes
2
0 = a02t + v0 t + 0. One solution is t = 0 which is the initial state. If t 6= 0, the
relationship becomes
v0
t= −2a0
= 2.038 ∼ 2 sec

1.37 For constant acceleration v = at + v0 and v 2 − v02 = 2ax so

v2 −v02 (5×106 )2 −(104 )2
a= 2x
= (2)(2)
= 6.3 × 1012 m/s2 ,
v−v0 5×106 −1×104
t= a
= 6.3×1012
= 8.0 × 10−7 s.

1.38 Here a is a function of x, so consider the development of part 2, eq. (1.17) and
(1.18)
adx = vdv or −kxdx = vdv or
2 v2 x
− kx2 |xx0 = |
2 0
kx20 = kx2 or
v 2 = kx20 − kx2 or
q
v(x) = k(x20 − x2 ).
The position time relationship can be found from (1.20):
Rt Rx Rx  
t= 0 dt =
dx
x0 v(x) = x0
√ dx
= √1
k
sin−1 x
x0
|xx0 .
k(x20 −x2 )

Rearranging and solving for x(t) yields

q   √   √  
t = k1 sin−1 xx0 |xx0 or kt = sin−1 xx0 − sin−1 (1) or kt + π2 = sin−1 xx0 or
√ √
x(t) = x0 sin( kt + π/2) = x0 cos( kt).

1.39 As the elevator starts from rest with constant acceleration to its operating speed
v 2 = 2ax and v = at or
t = v/a = (3 m/s)/25 m/s2 = 1.2 sec
and travels a distance of
x = v 2 /2a = (3 m/s)2 /2(2.5 m/s2 ) = 1.8 m.
Which is also the time and distance required to stop the elevator. Hence 2 ×
1.2 s = 2.4 s and 2 × 1.8 m or 3.6 m are used up in starting up and slowing
down, the remaining distance 200 m - 3.6 m or 196.4 m is traveled at a constant
velocity of 3 m/s so
t = x/v = 196.4/3 m/s = 65.5 sec.

16

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The total time is then
1.2 + 05.5 + 1.2 = 67.9 sec or a little over one minute.

1.40 Since a = −c2 x case 2 applies and

v 2 − v02 x2 − x20
!
Z x
2 2
= −c xdx = −c
2 x0 2
or v 2 = v02 + c2 x20 − c2 x2 . Substitution of x0 = 0, x = 10, v0 = 30, v = 0, yields
0 = 302 + 0 − c2 102 or c = 3.

1.41 Given a(x) = −cx2 x0 = 0, t0 = 0, v(0) = v0 we want to determine v(x). From

eq. (1.17)
Rx Rv
−c 0 x2 dx = v0 vdv = 12 (v 2 − v02 )
or
q
1 2
2
(v − v02 ) = − 3c x3 or v(x) = v02 − 2c 3
3
x

1.42 Since a is given as a function of velocity, case 3 applies: dx = vdv/f (v)

upon integrating
Rv
x − x0 = v0 vdv/(−v) = −v + v0 .
Since x0 = 0 and v = 0 when it comes to rest, x = 750 mm.

1.43 From the problem statement y0 = 40 km, v0 = 6000 km/s calculate an expres-
sion for y. Here acceleration is a function of position, so equations (1.17)-(1.20)
apply. Given
R 2 2 3
a(y) = −g0 (R+y)2 , g0 = 9.81 m/s , R = 6370 × 10 .

At t = 0, y0 = y(0) = 40 × 103 m, v0 = v(0) = 6000 m/s

Note ymax will occur when v = 0. So compute v.
dv dv dy R 2
a= dt
= dy dt
= −g0 (R+y)2 . Integrating yields

R0 R ym h i
2 dy 1 1
v0 vdv = −gR y0 (R+y)2
= g0 R 2 (R+ym )
− (R+y0 )
, or
v02
h i
02 1 1
2
− 2
= g0 R 2 R+ym
− R+y0
.
Thus
h i
60002 1 1
2
= g0 R 2 (R+y0 )
− (R+ym )
or
h i
1 1
4.552 × 10−8 = R+y0
− R+ym
.
Solving for ym yields ym = 2575.

17

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.44 Solution:
R0 R∞ dy
vesc vdv = −g0 R2 y0 (R+y)2
2
vesc R∞ dy
2
= −2g0 R2 y0 (R+y)2
2
R∞ dy
−vesp = −2g0 R2 y0 (R+y)2 = g0 R 2

h i
1 1 1
lim R+ym
− R+y0
= −2g0 R (R+y 0)
.
ym → ∞
2 1
That is −vesp = −2g0 R2 (R+y 0)
q
Then: vesp = R 2g0 /(R + y0 ) = 11.14 km/s = 11.14 × 103 m/s

1.45 Given: a(v) = −cv = −0.4v, v0 = 100 km/hr.

Since a = dv/dt we have
Rv dv
v0 v = −ct or ℓn vv0 = − = ct.
Thus v = v0 e−ct .
But v = dx/dt so that
Rt  
x = x0 + v0 0 e−ct dt = x0 + − vc0 e−ct |t0
v0
Thus x(t) = x0 + c
(1 − e−ct ).
With x0 = 0, v0 = 100 and c = 0.4 this becomes x(t) = 250(1 − c−0.4t ).

1.46 Solution:
a(t) = 5 sin(20t) m/s2 x(0) = 1 m and v(0) = 3 m/s.
Integrating:
Rv Rt 5
0 dv = v − v0 = 0 5 sin 20αdα = − 20 (cos 20t − 1)
where α is used as the “dummy” variable of integration. Then
v(t) = 3 − 0.25 cos 20t + 0.25 = 3.25 − 0.25 cos 20t m/s.
Integrating again yields
x(t) = x0 + 3.25t − 1.25 × 102 sin 20t
x(t) = 1 + 3.25t − 0.0125 sin 20t m

18

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.47 Solution:
v0 = 0.6 ft/s, a = −v 3 ft/s2
Thus this is case 3 on page 19. However a straightforward integration of
dv
a = dv/dt yields a(v) = −v 3 = dt
.
Then dt = − dv
v3
and integrating yields
t = − 2v12 + 1.389.
 1/2
1
Rearrange to get v(t) = 2t+2.778
ft/s.
At t = 4 sec, v(4) = 0.305 ft/s.

1.48 Follow example 1, because the acceleration is a function of velocity so case 3 is

used.
Note that a = dv dt
= g − cv 2 or dv
g−cv2
= dt. Integrating both sides using the
stated initial conditions yields
  q
Z v dv 1Z v dv 1  1 
  g/c + v
t= = g = q ln q
0 g − cv 2 c v0 c
− v2 c 2 g/c g/c − v
√  
v−
g
for > v and
c
2
ln √g/c for v 2 > g/c, from using a table of
4( 1c ) √1
2 g/c
v+ g/c
√ 
1 g/c+v
2
integrals. Thus there are two possibilities. For g/c > v ; t = √ lm √ .
2 g/c g/c−v
q  √ 
g e2√gct −1
Solving for v yields v(t) = c e gct +1
2 ; g/c > v 2 . For g/c < v 2 ,
√
1 v− g/c
t = 2√gc ln √
v+ g/c

and solving for v(t) yields

q  √ 
g 1+e2√gct
v(t) = c 1−e2 gct
; v 2 > g/c.
√
Note
√
from this second expression the v 2 = g/c results in the expression −e2 2ct =
e2 2ct which has no solution. Thus v cannot reach the value g/c, i.e., v = g/c is
the driver’s terminal velocity. Next consider integrating again to calculate x(t),
i.e., dx = vdt or √
e2 gct − 1
!
g
Z x r Z t
dx = √ dt
0 c 0 e2 gct + 1
√
g Z t e2 gct
" #
Z t
dt
r
= √ dt − √
c 0 e2 gct + 1 0 e
2 gct + 1

1 h  2√gct  √ i
x(t) = ℓn e + 1 − gct − 0.693
c

19

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.49 This is a free fall problem or uniformly accelerated motion, where the accel-
eration is given as g = 32.2 ft/s, and the time traveled can be determined by
equation (1.29) with tf as the given. Equation (1.29) becomes
gt2f
x(tf ) = 30 ft = 2
+ v0 tf + x0
Here v0 = 0, since the ball is dropped, x0 = 0 taking the window as the starting
position and hence
gt2f
q
2
= 30 or tf = 30/32.2 = 1.365 sec,
which is the time required to hit the ground. The expression for velocity under
uniform or constant acceleration is equation (1.28) or (1.30). From (1.28)
v(tf ) = a0 (tf ) + v0 or
v(1.365) = (32.2)(1.365) = 43.95 ft/sec.

1.50 This is a case of uniform acceleration a0 = g = 32.2 ft/s2 , with v0 up, and
tf = 1.71 s. Using eq. (1.29) again with v0 as the unknown yields
(g)t2f
v(tf ) = 30 − 2
+ (−v0 )tf + 0
Here −v0 is used because v0 is up and we have taken down as positive in writing
a plus sign for a0 (= g). This is consistent with the solution to 1.49. Solving for
v0 yields
h i
v0 = ( 2g )t2f − 30 /tf = 9.987 ft/sec.

1.51 Given a0 = 0.7g (constant acceleration), vf = 0 (because the car comes to a

stop). Convert mph to ft/s (60 mph = 88 ft/s, 45 mph = 66 ft/s, 30 mph = 44
ft/s) and use eq. (1.30)
vf2 = 2a0 (xf − x0 ) + v02
where vf = 0, a0 = −0.7 g (minus because it decelerates), x0 = 0 (we start our
distance measurement t = 0) then
v02 v02 v02 (ft/sec)2
xf = −2a0
= 0.4g
= (1.4)(32.2) ft/sec2

so that a) xf = 171.78 ft, b) xf = 96.63 ft, c) xf = 42.95 ft.

1.52 Following the solution to 1.52m with a0 = 0.4g yields

v02
xp = (−2)(−0.4)(32.2)

so that a) xf = 300.6 ft, b) xf = 169.1 ft, c) xf = 75.2 ft.

20

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.53 This is a uniform acceleration problem with a0 = 0.6g. Since the car starts from
rest v0 = 0 and asume x0 = 0. Let vf = 200 mph = 293.33 ft/sec. Then the
time to reach vf can be found from eq. (1.28)
vf = a0 tf + v0 or tf = 293.33/(0.6)(32.2) = 15.183 s.
The distance traveled is found from eq. (1.29) to be (v0 = x0 = 0)
xf = a0 t2f /2 = (0.6)(32.2)(15.183)2/2 = 2226.9 ft = 0.422 mile

1.54 Both cars undergo uniform acceleration aA = 0.9g and aB = 0.85g. Let them
start at t = 0 in the ame place from rest, i.e., xa (0) = xB (0) = vA (0) = vB (0) =
0. Car A travels 1,000 m or takes the time determine by equation (1.29)
(0.9g)(t2f )
xA (tf ) = 1000 = 2
Then tf = 15.1 sec. During this time car B travels a distance determined by
aB (tf )2 (0.85)(9.81)(15.1)2
xB (15.1) = 2
= 2
= 950.6 m
So car A is 1000 - 950.6 = 49.4 m ahead of car B when it crosses the finish line.
Note that if tf = 15.05 s is used and not rounded off, then the distance becomes
55.47 mm insteady of 49.4 m.

1.55 This can be solved several ways including graphically by computing the area
under the acceleration curve to generate the velocity, and the area under the
velocity versus time curve to compute the position:
First write the acceleration during each interval. For 0 < t < 50s,
a(t) = 2 m/s.
For 50 < t < 70s : a(t) = 0,
for 70 < t < 100, a(t) = 15(t − 70). Last for 100 > t > a(t) = 0.
Now calculate the area under the curve in each of these intervals being careful
to use the appropriate initial conditions at the beginning of each interval:
0 < t < 50 v(t) = 20t m/s
50 < t < 70 v(t) = 1000 m/s
70 < t < 100 v(t) = 7.5(t − 70)2 + 1000 m/s
100 > t v(t) = 7750 m/s so that v(120) = 7750 m/s
Integrating each of these in the interval yields
0 < t < 50 x(t) = 10t2
50 < t < 70 x(t) = 25000 + 1000(t − 50)
70 < t < 100 x(t) = 2.5(t − 70)3 + 1000(t − 70) + 45, 000
t > 100 x(t) = 7750(t − 100) + 142, 500

21

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 This last expression yields
x(120s) = 297, 500 m = 297.5 km.

1.56 The equation to be solved is of the form

dv
dt
+ v = et , v(0) = 0, x(0) = 1m
Comparing with equation (1.32) identifies
R p(t) = 1 and f (t) = et so that the
integrating factor becomes λ(t) = e dt = et .
According to equation (1.34) the solution is then
v(t) = e−t ( et et dt + C) = e−t ( 12 e2t + C)
R

at t = 0, v(0) = 0 ft/s so that C = 0.5 and v(t) = 21 (et − e−t ) m/sec

= sin h(t) m/sec
Integrating again yields the displacement
Rt
x(t) = x0 + 0 e−τ (0.5e2τ − 0.5)dτ when x0 = 1 m. Thus x(t) = 12 (et + e−t )m
= cos h(t) m

1.57 The equation to be solved is of the form

dv
dt
+ v = t, v(0) = 0, x(0) = 1, v(0) = 0
Comparing to equation R(1.32): p(t) = 1 and f (t) = t. Thus the integrating
factor becomes λ(t) = e dt = et
According to equation (1.34) the solution becomes
v(t) = e−t ( et tdt + C) = e−t [et (t − 1) + C] = t − 1 + Ce−t
R

At t = 0, v(0) = 0 so that 0 = −1 + C or C = 1. Thus: v(t) = t − 1 + e−t m/s

Integrating again yields (x0 = 1m)
2 t2
x(t) = x0 + 0t (t−1+e−t )dt = 1+ t2 −t−e−t +1, so that x(t) = 2 − t + − e−t m
R
2

1.58 a) The equation to be solved is of the form

dv t/2
dt
+ tv = e−t
2 /2
Comparing this form to equation (1.3.2), identifies p(t) = t and f (t) = e−t .
Thus the integrating factor becomes
R
tdt 2 /2
λ(t) = e = et
Next, equation (1.34) yields that the solution is
2 /2 2 /2 2 /2 2 /2 2 /2
v(t) = e−t ( et e−t dt + c) = e−t t + ce−t
R

2 /2 2 /2
At 0, v(0) = 10 ft/s so that c = 10 and v(t) = 10e−t + e−t t

22

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Integrating again (x(0) = 0) yields x(t) = 0t (10 + τ )e−τ /2 dτ which yields the
R 2

2
error function when integrated, i.e., x(t) = 12.5 erf(0.71t) − et /2 + 1.
b) This does not have an integrating factor, or other closed formed solution, so
the solution must be found numerically by writing the equation in first order for
and applying an Euler or Runge-Kutta solution. A Mathcad solution is shown.

i 0 .. 4000 ∆t 0.001 ti i . ∆t

x0 1 v0 5
2
a v, t t .v 1 3. t

xi 1 xi vi . ∆t
vi 1 vi a vi , ti . ∆t

15

10
xi

vi
5

0 1 2 3 4
ti

FIGURE S1.58

To solve this problem with Matlab, create and run the following code:
x(1)=1; v(1)=5; t(1)=0;
dt=0.001;
for n=1:4000;
x(n+1)=x(n)+v(n)*dt;
v(n+1)=(-t(n)ˆ.2*v(n)+1+3*t(n))*dt+v(n);
t(n+1)=t(n)+dt;
end
plot(t,x),plot(t,v)

23

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.59 First solve the homogeneous equation ẍ + 5ẋ + 4x = 0 by following eq. (1.41),
assume a solution of the form x(t) = Aeλt where λ must satisfy
λ2 + 5λ + 4 = (λ + 4)(λ + 1) = 0
so that λ1,2 = −4, −1. Thus the homogeneous solution is of the form xh (t) =
A1 e−4t + A2 e−t . The particular solution is guessed to be xp = a + bt, of the form
of the forcing function where a and b are to be determined. Substitution of the
assumed form for xp (t) into the equation of motion yields
5b + 4(a + bt) = 3t + 0to
Comparing coefficients of t and to yields
5b + 4a = 0 and 4b = 3
so that b = 3/4 and a = − 54 ( 43 ) = − 15
16
. Thus xp = − 15
16
+ 43 t. This is called the
method of undetermined coefficients. The total solution is the sum (x = xh +xp )
so that
x(t) = A1 e−4t + A2 e−t + 34 t − 15
16
To determine the coefficients A1 and A2 apply the initial conditions
15
x(0) = 0.5 = A1 + A2 − 16
v(0) = 0 = −4A1 − A2 + 43
which represents two equations in the two unkowns A1 and A2 . Solving yields
A1 = −0.229 and A2 = 1.667 and hence: x(t) = −0.229e−4t + 1.667e−t + 34 t − 15
16

k
1.60 Define ω 2 = m = 14 = 4 and ζ = 2mω
c
= 2.795 > 0 so the system is over damped.
Then the problem in standard form is
ẍ + 2ζω ẋ + ω 2 x = ẍ + 5ẋ + 4x = 0
Assume solutions of the form x = Aeλt . The characteristic equation becomes
λ2 + 5λ + 4 = 0 which has roots λ1 = −1, λ2 = −4. Thus the general solution
is of the form
x(t) = A1 e−t + A2 e−4t
Applying the initial condition yields
x(0) = 5 = A1 + A2
v(0) = 0 = −A1 − 4A2
which is a system of two linear equations in the two unknowns A1 and A2 .
Solving yields A1 = 20
3
and A2 = − 35 . Thus the solution is x(t) = 20
3
e−t − 53 e−4t
and v(t) = 20
3
(−e−t + e−4t )

24

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.61 The equation of motion has the form (after dividing by 1000)
dv
a= dt
= −cv − 400x, v(0) = 0, and x(0) = 0.01m
Following along with equation (1.51), the Euler method of integration yields
vi+1 v − cvi ∆t − 400xi ∆t v0 0
       
= i , =
xi+1 xi + vi ∆t x0 0.01
Using a high level language (Matlab, Mathcad or Mathematica) yields (some
students may know the analytical solution for this equation. Others will know
how to use the more sophisticated higher-order Runge-Kutta integration the
following plot. Values of c are varied until the plot produces only two oscilla-
tions.)

∆t .01 c 15
1.5
i 0 ..
∆t
v0 0
x0 .01

vi 1 vi c . vi . ∆t 400 . x i . ∆t
xi 1 xi vi . ∆t

0.01

0.005
xi

0.005
0 0.5 1 1.5
i . ∆t

FIGURE S1.61

Note here that the oscillation dies out at about t = 1 second, for a value of c =
15, or a damping value of 15, 000 kg/s.
The Matlab code for doing this is given below using an Euler method. This
can also be done using ODE which involves a Runge-Kutta routine. Create the

25

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 following Matlab code then run it with different values of c until the desired
response results:
c=15
x(1)=0.01;v(1)=0.0;t(1)=0;
dt=0.01;
for n=1:150;
x(n+1)=x(n)+v(n)*dt;
v(n+1)=v(n)-c*v(n)*dt-400*x(n)*dt
end
plot(t,x)
Run this Matlab code with various values of c until the response decays within
two cycles as desired.

1.62 Following the development of the numerical integration section equation (1.51)
becomes
vi+1 v − 900vi ∆t − 4000(xi )2 ∆t
   
= i
xi+1 xi + vi ∆
with initial condition v0 = 0 and x0 = 20 mm. The Mathcad code is:

i 0 .. 1000 v0 0
∆t .001 x0 20

vi 1 vi 900. vi . ∆t 4000. x i . x i . ∆t
xi 1 xi vi . ∆t
20

x
i 10

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

i . ∆t

FIGURE S1.62

26

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The equivalent Matlab code can be either Euler (see previous problem) or
Runge-Kutta Method. To use RK, first save the following Matlab code un-
der Onept62.m:
function xdot=onept62(t,x)
xdot=[x(2);-900*x(2)-4000*x(2)-4000*x(2)*x(2)];
% the equation of motion
Then the following commands will compute and plot the solution
EDU>tspan=[0 1] % defines the time interval of interest
EDU>x0=[20;0]; %enters the initial conditions, displacement first
EDU>ode45(*onept62’,tspan,x0); % calls the RK routine and applies
% it to 1.62.

1.63 Following the development of the numerical integration section (1.51) becomes
vi+1 v − 90vi ∆t − 100x3i ∆t
   
= i
xi+1 xi + vi ∆t
with initial condition v0 = 0 and x0 = 10 mm.
The Mathcad code is:

∆t 0.001 N 500 i 0 .. N ti i . ∆t c 90 k 100

3
v0 0 x0 10 a v, x c. v k.x
xi 1 xi vi . ∆t
vi 1 vi a vi , xi . ∆t

10

5
xi

5
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
ti

FIGURE S1.63
The catch gets near zero within 1/20 second.

27

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code is to prepare the following file named onept63.m:
Function xdot=onept63(t,x)
c=20;k=100;
xdot=[x(2);-c*x(2)-k*x(1)ˆ3];
Then type the following in the command window:
EDU>tspan-[0 0.5];
EDU>x0=[10;0];
EDU>ode45(‘onept63’,tspan,x0);

1.64 Following the solution to 1.63 equation (1.51) becomes:

vi+1 v − cvi ∆t − 100(xi )3 ∆t
   
= i
xi+1 xi + vi ∆t
Repeat the numerical solution to problem 1.63 with successively smaller values
of damping (c) each time until the solution oscillates twice before coming to
rest. A value of about c = 20 1/s comes close as illustrated.
The Mathcade code is:

∆t 0.001 N 500 i 0 .. N ti i . ∆t c 20 k 100

3
v0 0 x0 10 a v, x c. v k.x
xi 1 xi vi . ∆t
vi 1 vi a vi , xi . ∆t

10

xi 0

10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
ti

FIGURE S1.64

28

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code requires the following file saved as onept64.m:
function xdot=onept64(t,x)
c=20;k=100; xdot=[x(2);-c*x(2)-k*x(1)ˆ3];
The type the following in the command window
EDU>tspan=[0 0.5];
EDU>x0=[10;0];
EDU>ode45(‘onept64’,tspan,x0);

1.65 Solution: First set up the Euler form of the equation for numerical integration:
vi+1 v − cvi |vi |∆t − 4kxi |xi |∆t
   
= i
xi+1 xi + vi ∆t
Then resolve for various values of c, k and x0 until a response that dies out in
one oscillation results. There are many answers, the plot shows this is achieved
for x0 = 0.01 m, k = 400 1/ms2 , and c = 1000 m−1 . Another solution is x0 = 2,
c = 6 and k = 40.
The Mathcad solution is:

c 1000 ∆t 0.01 x0 .01

v0 0

i 0 .. 3000

vi 1 vi c . vi . vi . ∆t 400 . xi . xi . ∆t
xi 1 xi v . ∆t
i

0.01

0.005
xi

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.005

i. ∆t

FIGURE S1.65

29

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Save the following Matlab code as a file named “onept65.m”:
function xdot=onept65(t,x)
c=1000;k=400;
xdot=[x(2);-c*x(2)*abs(x(2))-k*x(1)*abs(x(1))]

In the command window:

EDU>tspan=[0 30];
EDU>x0=[0.01; 0];
EDU>ode45(‘onept65’,tspan,x0);

1.66 Assuming r = xî + y ĵ + z k̂ so that mr̈ = mẍî + mÿ ĵ + mz̈ k̂. Then mr̈ = −g ĵ
yields ẍ = 0, ÿ = −g/m and z̈ = 0. These are linear, decoupled equations.

1.67 Yields the 3 scalar equations ẍ + cẋ = 0, ÿ + cẏ + g = 0 and z̈ + cż = 0 which
are decoupled, linear equations.

1.68 Assuming r = xî + uĵ + z k̂ and v = vx î + vy ĵ + vz k̂ yields

q q q
ẍ = −c (vx2 + vy2 + vz2 ) vx , ÿ = −c vx2 + vy2 + vz2 (vy ) and z̈ = −c vx2 + vy2 + vz2
(vz ). These are coupled, nonlinear equations.

1.69 Assuming r = xî + y ĵ + z k̂ and v = vx î + vy ĵ + vz k̂j

ẍ = 3t2 , ÿ = − sin(πt) and z̈ = xz
The x and y equations are linear and decouple.
The z equation is nonlinear and coupled to x.

1.70 Consider the plane trajectory equations given by eq. (1.74). In this case we
know xf = 450 ft, zf = 12 ft, g = 32.2 ft/s2 , x0 = 0, z0 = 0 and v0 = 130 ft/s.
Thus equation 1.73 becomes
450 = (130 cos θ)t + 0
12 = −16.2t2 + (130 sin θ)t
which is two nonlinear algebraic equations in two unknowns t and θ. Solving
yields t = 6.86 sec, θ = 1.042 rad (59.7◦ ) and t = 4.088, θ = 0.561 rad (32.143◦).

30

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 These solutions are found using Mathcad. Note that there are two solutions
found by taking different initial guesses to the iterative solution of these non-
linear algebraic equations. One solution has a low angle which would drive into
the bunker and one (correct) that has a larger angle which will loft onto the
green.

1.71 Choose (0,0) in the x − z plane to be on the ground so that vz (0) = 2 m/s,
zf = 0, x0 = 0, z0 = 3m, xf = d, xf = 0. Then equation (1.73) becomes
d = 2t, 0 = − 9.81
2
t2 + v0 (0) + 3. Combining 4.905 t2 = 3 and t = d2 yields
12
d2 = 4.905
or d = 1.56 m.

1.72 Looing at the top half spray, Eq. 1.73 becomes

d2 cos 10◦ = 20 cos 70◦ t + 0 (1)

d2 sin 10◦ = −16.1t2 + 20 sin 70◦ t + 0 (2)

which is a system of two equations in the two unknowns: d2 and t.
d2 cos 10◦ 20 sin 20◦ (0.1439)−sin 10◦
From (1) t = 20 cos 70◦
= 0.1459d2 d2 = (16.1)(0.1439)2
or d2 = 7.588 ft.
Next consider the spray to the left:

d1 cos 10◦ = 20 cos 50◦ t + 0 (1)

0 = −16.1t2 + 20 sin 50◦ t + d1 sin 10◦ (2)

From (1) t = .0766d1 or t2 = .005268d21 and eq. (2) becomes
(20)2 cos2 50◦
d1 = (16.1)(cos2 10◦ )
(cos 10◦ tan 50◦ + sin 10◦ ) = 14.26 ft.

1.73 Working with equation 1.73 for projectile motion, let the hose be at x0 = z0 =
0 and assume it hits at x(tf ) = x and z(tf ) = 0, then eq. (1.73) becomes
t2
x = v0 cos θtf and 0 = g 2f + v0 sin θtf . Solving this last expression for tf yields
tf = 2v0 gsin θ , the time to hit the ground. Then from the expression for x
2v02
x(tf ) = g
sin θ cos θ
2v2
The max value of x occurs at dx/dθ = 0 or g0 (− sin2 θ + cos2 θ) = 0. This
requires sin θ = cos θ or θ = 45◦, the value at which xf will be maximum.

31

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.74 From the problem statement, taking the batters “foot” as the origin, the value
of x0 = 0, z0 = 4 ft, v0 = 140 ft/s, θ = 20◦ and (since it hits the ground) zf = 0.
Equation (1.73) then becomes
x(tf ) = 14 − cos 20◦ tf and 0 = −16.1t2f + 140 sin 20◦ tf + 4
Solving the last expression for tf yields tf = 3.055 sec. and -0.081 sec. Obviously
the physical value is tf = 3.055, which from the first equation yields xf =
140(cos 20◦ )(3.055) = 402 ft.

1.75 From the projectile equation for z: z = −16.1t2 + 140 sin 20t+ 4. The maximum
value of the parabolic trajectory would occur at tf /2 except the value of tf
calculated in 1.74 assumes the trajectory is 4 ft off the ground. The equation
for time of flight is −16.1t2f +140 sin 20◦ tf = 0 or tf = 2.97 sec, and tf /2 = 1.487
 2  
2.92 2.92
sec. Then zmax = −16.1 2
+ 140 sin 20 2
+ 4 = 39.6 ft.

1.76 Consider the projectile equation 1.73 and first solve for v0 so the ball just clears
the bottom window. Picking a coordinate system 1m off the ground yields
x0 = z0 = 0, xf = v0 cos 30◦ tf , zf = 2m = − 9.81
2 f
t2 + v0 sin θtf
where xf = 6.5m. This yields two equations in two unknowns:
7.5
6.5 = v0 (.886)tf or tf = v0
Thus v0 = 12.56 m/s. With yf = 3m, this becomes v0 = 19.18 m/s so that he
must kick through with a speed: 12.56 < v0 < 19.18 m/s.

1.77 The initial velocity is given as v0 = 10 m/s, x0 = z0 = 0, zf = 2m (for smallest

and 3m for largest). xf = 6.5m so the first equation of (1.73) becomes (let t
denote the time at which the ball reaches the window).
6.5 = 1 − cos θt or t = 0.65/ cos θ
The second projectile equation yields
  2  
9.81 0.65 0.65
2=− 2 cos θ
+ 10 sin θ cos θ
which can be solved numerically for θ = 40.865◦. Changing the value of zf = 3m
and repeating yields θ = 55.58◦. Thus he needs to kick through at an angle be-
tween 40.9◦ < θ < 55.6◦ to make it through the window with an initial velocity
of 10 m/s. Each of these two equations have 2 solutions so it will also make it
in for 59.44◦ < θ < 66.28◦ on the high lofty solution.

32

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 √
1.78 The given values are z0 = d/ 2, v0 = 25 m/s, θ = 0. Equation 1.73 becomes
√  
√d d√ d2
xf = 25t = 2
or t = 25 2
, 0 = − 9.81
2
t2 + √d ,
2
or d = 2
2
9.81 (625)(2)
, so
d = 180.2 m.

1.79 Sample 1.14 gives the equation for a particle in projectile motion with wind
resistances. The equations are nonlinear and coupled and must be solved nu-
merically. The initial conditions of x(0) = 0, vx (0) = 25, y(0) = 0, vy (0) = 0
will allow the solution computed numerically following sample 1.14. The tra-
jectory can then be plotted along with a line at 45◦ representing the hill. The
intersection will yield the value of d. Since we do not know d, it is best to put
the coordinate system at the end of the ski run and let z (or y) evolve in the
negative direction. Such a line passing through the origin has slope -1 and can
be written as d = −x, or di = −xi in incremental form. The Mathcad code is

i 0 .. 1100 ∆t 0.005 c 0.04 g 9.81

vx0 25 x0 0 vy0 0 y0 0

vxi 1 vxi c . vxi . ∆t

xi 1 xi vxi . ∆t
vyi 1 vyi g c . vyi . ∆t
yi 1 yi vyi . ∆t

di xi

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

50
di

y
i
100

150

xi

FIGURE S1.79
Form the plot, then cross about 111 m out or d = 111/ cos 45◦ = 157 m down
the incline.

33

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code for solving and plotting is given next with the plots suppressed
as they are the same as the above:
function xdot=onept78 (t,x):
c=0.04; g=9.81;
xdot=[x(2);-(c*x(2);x(4);-g-c*x(3)];
In the command window:
EDU>tspan=[0 140]
EDU>x0-[0;25;0;0];
EDU>[t,x]=ode45(‘onept78’,tspan,x0);
EDU>d=-x(:1);
EDU>plot(x(:,1),x(:,3),‘t‘,x(:,1),d,‘*’)

1.80 This is just a repeat of the previous problem with a more accurate nonlinear
damping term. The Mathcad code is:

i 0 .. 1000 ∆t 0.005 c 0.002 g 9.81

vx0 25 x0 0 vy0 0 y0 0

2 2 .
vxi 1 vxi c . vxi . vxi vyi ∆t
xi 1 xi vxi . ∆t
vyi 1 2 2
vyi g c . vyi . vxi vyi . ∆t
yi 1
yi vyi . ∆t

di xi

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

50
di

y
i
100

150

xi

FIGURE S1.80

34

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 In this case the skier makes it about 108 meters out or so which is 108 =
d cos(45◦ ) so that d = 152.7 m.
The Matlab code is the same as the previous problem except the “x dot” be-
comes:
xdot=[x(2);-c*x(2)*sqrt(x(2)ˆ2+x(4)ˆ2);x(4);-g-c*x(2)*sqrt(x(2)ˆ2 + x(4)ˆ2)];

1.81 Solution: 300 yards = 900 ft so that xf = x(tf ) = 900. Given that the ball is
at zero to start with x0 = y0 = 0, and hits the ground at yf = 0. With θ = 90◦
given, the trajectory equations are

900 = v0 cos 9◦ t + 0 (1)

0 = −16.1t2 + v0 sin 9◦ t + 0 (2)

Solve (1) for t and (2) for v0 to get v0 = 306 ft/s (about 209 mph).

1.82 Solution: 200 mph = 293.3 ft/s. Here x0 = y0 = 0, θ = 9◦ . Then eq. (1.71)
becomes
x = (293.3) cos 9◦ t = 289.7t (1)
0 = −16.1t2 + 45.8t (2)
From (2) t = 2.849 sec so from (1) x = 825.6 ft

35

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.83 This follows directly from the solution of sample 1.14 with the following values
and equations: x0 = y0 = 0, c = 0.05, vx0 = 293.3 cos 9◦ ft/sec and vy0 =
293.3 sin 9◦ ft/s.

i 0 .. 600 ∆t 0.005 c 0.05 g 32.2

vx0 293.3 . cos 9 . deg
x0 0 vy0 293.3 . sin 9 . deg y0 0

vxi 1 vxi c . vxi . ∆t

xi 1 xi vxi . ∆t
vyi 1 vyi g c . vyi . ∆t
yi 1 yi vyi . ∆t

40

20
y
i

0 200 400 600 800 1000

20

xi

FIGURE S1.83

From the figure x = 758 ft (found by using the trace funciton in Mathcad).
The Matlab code is given in the Matlab supplement.

1.84 Again use the projectile equations of eq. (1.73). Here: x0 = 0, y0 = 0 (so
yf = 3 ft), xf = 20 ft, θ = 45◦ and hence
√
20 = v0 √12 t or t = 20 2
v0

3 = −16.1t2 + v0 · √1 t
2
q
(16.1)800
Solving yields v0 = 17
= v0 = 27.53 ft/s.

36

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.85 Using the projectile motion equations with x0 = y0 , xf = 20 ft, yf = 3 ft and
v0 = 30 ft/sec, equations (1.73) becomes

20 = (30) cos θt (1)

3 = −16.1t2 + (30) sin θt (2)

2
Substitution of t = 3 cos tθ
from (1) into (2) yields the transindental equation
(3) = −16.1 9 cos4 2 θ + 20 tan θ
Solving for θ yields θ = 33.7◦ and 64.8◦ . Either angle will “work”, however the
lower angle gives a trajectory up through the bottom of basket whereas the
64.8◦ solution gives the lofty shot and then goes through the top of the hoop.
The following Mathcad code solves the problem:

Specify the known parameters.

v0 30 x0 0 y0 7 xf 20 yf 10
g 32.2
Initial guess for time and angle
θ 30. deg t f 3

Given
x f v 0. t f. cos θ x0
t f2
yf g. v 0. t f. sin θ y0
2
1.132 1.132
Find θ , t f = = 64.859
1.568 deg Angle in degrees
A second solution can be found with a lower angle.
v0 30 x0 0 y0 7 xf 20 yf 10
g 32.2

Initial guess for time and angle These values are assumed less.
θ 10. deg t f 1

Given
x f v 0. t f. cos θ x0
t f2
yf g. v 0. t f. sin θ y0
2
0.588 0.588
Find θ , t f = = 33.69
0.801 deg Angle in degrees
The second solution is not valid as the ball would hit the net from below.

37

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.86 Using the projectile motion equations with x0 = 0, y0 = 10, θ = 0, v0 = 120
mph = 176 ft/s and yf = 0 (i.e., hits the ground) yields

xf = 176t (1)

0 = −16.1t2 + 10 (2)
From (2) t = 0.7885 sec and from (1) xf = 138.7 ft

1.87 This again uses the projectile motion equation. a)Let x0 = 0, xf = 6ft, y0 = 0,
so yf = 15 −4 = 11 ft, θ = 80◦ and the unknown is v0 . Equation (1.73) becomes

xf = 6 = (v0 cos 80◦ )t + 0 (1)

yf = 11 = (v0 sin 80◦ )t − 16.1t2 + 0 (2)

6
Substitute t = v0 cos 80
from (1) into to (2) to get

62
11 = 6 tan 80◦ − 16.1 (3)
v02 cos2 80◦

Solving yields v0 = 28.9 f/s. b) Repeating (a) with xf = 16 eq. (3) becomes

162
◦
11 = 16 tan 80 − 16.1 2
v0 cos2 80◦

or v0 = 41.4 ft/s.

1.88 This is circular motion with R = 150 ft, at = 12 ft/s2 . Compute the time t
2
at which an = 24 ft/s2 . From Eq. (1.84), at = αr so that α = art = 12140ft/sft =
0.08 rad/s2 a constant. dw dt
= 0.08 so that w − w0 = 0.08t or w = 0.08t + w0 .
From (1.84) an q = rw = 25 = 150(w0 + 0.08ts )2 (1), where ts = time to slip.
2
√
Also at ts , a = a2t + a2r = 252 + 122 = 27.73 ft/s2 at slip. Solving (1), with
 1/2
1 25
ω0 = 0 for ts yields ts = 0.08 150
= 5.104 s.

1.89 This is a circular motion with r = 2 m and at (t) = 6 sin πt(m/s2 ). TheR particle
starts at rest so that θ(0) = ω(0) = 0. For circular motion v(t) = 0t at dt =
Rt 6 v2 1 36 2 18 2
0 6 sin πt = π (1 − cos πt). Also ar = r = 2 ( π 2 )(1 − cosπt) = π 2 (1 − cos π6) .
From equation (1.81) taking the magnitude of a(t) yields
q q
a(t) = a2t + a2n = 62 sin2 πt + [ π182 (1 − cos πt)2 ]2 .

38

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The plots follow:

t 0 , 0.001 .. 2

6. 18 . 2
v t 1 cos π . t at t 6 . sin π . t an t 1 cos π . t
π π2

2 2
a t at t an t

10
vel m/s accel m/s^2

a t
5
v t

0 0.5 1 1.5 2
t
time s

FIGURE S1.89
The Matlab code for producing the plots is given in the following file:
syms t % declares t symbolic
v=(6/pi)*(1-cos(pi*t)); an=0.5vˆ2;
at=6*sin(pi*t); a=sqrt(atˆ2+anˆ2)
ezplot(a,[0,2]), ezplot(v,[0,2])

3
1.90 From the solution to 1.89 a(t) = (36 sin3 πt + 18
π4
(cos πt − 1)4 )1/2 . Find ts when
a(t) = 5. The answer can be seen from the plot given in figure S1.89 or from
solving
182
52 = 36 sin2 πts + π4
(cos πts − 1)4
for ts which has 2 solutions in the interval of interest. From Mathcad they are:
ts = 0.312 s, and 1.688s.

30 3
1.91 Given r = 200 m, v = 30 km/hrs = 1
× 10 1 m 3600hrsec·hr = 8.33 m/s. For circular
motion, equation (1.81) yields
an = v2
4
= 8.33
200
− 0.3469 m/s2 or an = 0.35 m/s2 .

39

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.92 This is circular motion starting from rest so that θ(0) = ω(0) = 0, with r = 4
m.
a) α(t) = 2t2 r/s2 so that dω
dt
= 2t2 and ω − ω0 = 3t23 or w(t) = 23 t3 . Thus from
4 6
eq. 1.84 an = r(ω) = 4 · 9 t and at = 4(2t2 ) = 8t2 . At t = 2s, an (2) = 113.8,
2
√
at (2) = 32 so that a(t) = 11382 + 322 = 118.2 m/s2 .
2
b) From eq. (1.82) ddt2s = ra = 8t2 so that dv = 8t2 dt or v − 0 = 38 t3 . Thus
ds = 83 t3 dt and s(2) = 38 02 t3 dt and the total distance traveled is s = 10.67 m.
R

1.93 Solution: α(t) = 3t2 − 2t rad/s2 with ω0 = θ0 = 0. Integrating yields dωdt

=
2
R2 R6 2 3 2 3 2
3t − 2t or 0 dω = 0 3t − 2t or ω(t) = t − t rad/s. Likewise dθ = (t − t )dt
4 3
so that θ(t) = 0t (t3 − t2 )dt = t4 − t3 or θ(t) = 41 t4 − 13 t3 rad.
R

1.94 Solution: α(t) = t cos(πt) rad/s2 , ω0 = R2 rad/s, θ0 = 30◦ = π6 rad. Thus dω(t) =
t cos πtdt or upon integrating ω − 2 = 0t x cos πxdx = π12 [cos πt + πt sin πt − 1]
so that ω(t) = (2 − π12 ) + π12 (cos πt + πt sin πt) rad/s. Integrating again yields
π 1
θ− 6
= π3
[2 sin πt − πt − πt cos πt + 2π 3 t]
and
π 1
θ(t) = 6
+ 2t + π3
(2 sin πt − πt − πt cos πt) rad

1.95 Solution: ω0 = 3 rad/s and α(ω) = −2ω 2 rad/s2 . From eq. (1.87) α = ω dωdt
=
2
R ω dω Rθ ω −2θ
−2ω . Solving yields 3 ω = −2 0 dθ, or ℓn 3 = −2θ. ω = 3e so that
dθ −2θ
R θ 2θ Rt
dt
= 3e or 0 e dθ = 0 3dt = 3t. Evaluating the other integral yields
1 2θ θ
2
e |0 = 3t or e2θ − 1 = 6t
and 2θ = ℓn(6t + 1) or θ(t) = 12 ℓn(6t + 1) and θ(10) = 21 ℓn(61) = 2.055 rad.

1.96 Solution: ω0 = 2 rad/s and α(ω, t) = −0.01ω+4t rad/s2 . Then dω dt

= −0.01ω+4t
which is a first order differential equation of the form: ω̇ + 0.01ω = 4t, ω0 = 2.
Using the integrating factor x(t) = e0.01t , equation (1.34) yields the solution
ω(t) = e−0.01t [C + 40, 000e0.01t (0.0t − 1)]
Since ω(0) = 2, C = −3998 and
ω(t) = −3998e−0.01t + 4000(0.01t − 1)
ω(t) = −4000 − 3998e−0.01t + 40t rad/s = [0.01t − 1 + e−0.01t ](4 × 104 ) rad/s
dθ
Since ω = dt
, integrating this ω(t) yields θ(t).
θ(t) = 400 + [0.005t2 − t − 0.01e−0.01t ](4 × 104 ) rad
where 3998 has to be rounded to 4000.

40

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.97 The equation of motion can be written as dω dt
= 2 sin θ − 0.4ω. Since ω = dθ
dt
,
this can be written as a second order nonlinear equation in θ:
π
θ̈ + 0.4θ̇ − 2 sin θ = 0 θ(0) = 6
and θ̇(0) = 0
which can be solved by numerical integration as suggested in equation (1.93).
That is
ωn+1 ω + (2 sin θn − 0.4ωn )∆t ω0 0
       
= n , = π
θn+1 θn + ωn ∆t θ0 6

which is plotted in the following Mathcad file:

π
i 0 .. 500 ω0 0 θ0
∆t 0.01 6

ωi 1 ωi 2 . sin θi 0.4 . ωi . ∆t
θi 1 θi ωi . ∆t

4
θ
i
2

0 1 2 3 4 5
i. ∆t

FIGURE S1.97

The Matlab code is:

function xdot=onept97(t,x);
xdot=[x(2);2*sin(x(1))-0.4*x(2)];
command window:
EDU>tspan=[0 5];
EDU>x0-[pi/6;0];
EDU>ode45(‘onept97’, tspan, x0);

41

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.98 This is a second order, nonlinear differential equation in θ which can be solved
numerically by using the first order form suggested in equation (1.93). From
the given form of θ̈ + 0.02θ̇|θ̇| − 3 cos θ = 0 θ(0) = π6 and θ̇(0) = 0. Equation
(1.93) becomes
ωn+1 ω + (3 cos θn − 0.02ωn |ωn |]∆t
   
= n
θn+1 θn + ωn ∆t
which is plotted below in Mathcad:

π
i 0 .. 500 ω0 0 θ0
∆t 0.01 6

ωi 1 ωi 3 . cos θi 0.02 . ωi . ωi . ∆t
θi 1 θi ωi . ∆t

2
θ
i
1

0 1 2 3 4 5
i. ∆t

FIGURE S1.98

In Matlab the code is:

function xdot=onept98(t,x);
xdot=[x(2);3*cos(x(1))-0.02*x(2)*abs(x/2))];
command window
EDU>tspan=[0 5];
EDU>x0=[pi/6;0];
EDU>ode(‘onept98’,tspan,x0);

42

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.99 Follow sample 1.18. Given r(t) = 3 cos tî + 3 sin tĵ + 4tk̂ m, differentiation
yields v(t) = −3 sin tî + 3 cos tĵ + 4k̂ and a(t) = −3 cos tî − 3 sin tĵ so that
v(3) = î + ĵ + 4k and a(3) = î − ĵ. The unit tangent vector êt is calculated from
eq. (1.97) to be
v(3)
êt (3) = |v(3)|
= −0.085î − 0.594ĵ + 0.8k̂
at (3) = (a · et )êt = 0, an = a − at = a so that
an a
ên = |an |
= |a|
= 0.99î − 0.141ĵ

êb = êt × ên = 0.133î + 0.792ĵ + 0.6k̂

1.100 From problem 1.99

v(t) = −3 sin tî + 3 cos tĵ + 4k̂ and a(t) = −3 cos tî − 3 sin tĵ m/s2
Note magnitude of both v(t) and a(t) is constant.

v2 (t)
1.101 From equation 1.100, ρ(t) = |an (t)|
where v 2 (t) is v(t) · v(t) = 9 sin2 t + 9 cos2 t +
16 = 9 + 16 = 25. Compute |an (t)|. From eq. (1.97) êt = v
|v|
= 51 (−3 sin tî +
3 cos tĵ + 4k̂. Then from eq. (1.98)
at (t) = (a · êt )êt = 15 [(−3 cos t)(−3 sin t) + (−3 sin t)(3 cos t) + (0)(4)]êt = 0.
√
Now an = a − at = a − 0 = a. Thus |an (t)| = |a(t)| = 32 cos2 t + 32 sin t = 3.
Thus
2
ρ(t) = |avn(t)
(t)|
= 31 [25] = 8.33 m, a constant so that the motion is circular, moving
at a constant angular velocity.

1.102 Given r(t) = t2 î + 3tĵ + 10 sin tk̂ m, successive differentiation yields the velocity
and acceleration:
v(t) = ṙ(t) = 2tî + 3ĵ + 10 cos tk̂ m/s
a(t) = r̈(t) = 2î − 10 sin tk̂ m/s2
v2 (t)
From eq. (1.100) the radius of curvature is ρ(t) = |an |

Now v 2 = v·v = 4t2 +9+100 cos2 t. Following eq. (1.97) êt (t) = v
|v|
, at = (a·êt )êt ,
v2
an = a − at and ρ(t) = |an |
. Programming these formulations and evaluating at
each value of t yields
a) t = 1s, ρ(1) = 7.23 m
b) t = 3s, ρ(3) = 126.645 m
c) t = 5s, ρ(5) = 13.346 m

43

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The solution in Mathcad is given in the following:

t 5

2.t 2
v 3 a 0
10 . cos t 10 . sin t

v
et at a . et . et
v an a at

v.v
ρ
an
ρ = 13.346

The Matlab code is

t=5;v=[2*t;3;10*cos(t)];a=[2;0;-10*sin(t)];
et=v/norm(v);at=dot(a,et)*et;an=a-at;
pro=dot(v,v)/norm(an)

1.103 Solution: r(t) = 21 (1 + t2 ) and θ = πt2 so that ṙ(t) = t and r̈(t) = 1, θ̇ = 2πt
and θ̈ = 2π. From equation (1.103)
v = ṙêr + r θ̇eθ = têr + πt(1 + t2 )êθ
a = (r̈ − r θ̇2 )êr + (r θ̈ + 2ṙ θ̇)êθ = (1 − 2π 2 t2 (1 + t2 ))êr + (π(1 + t2 ) + 4t2 π)êθ
1+t2
To plot the motion define t : 0, 0.1...2, define r = 2
and θ = πt2 . Then let
x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ which is plotted below.

44

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Mathcad code is:

t 0 , 0.01 .. 2
1 t2 2
r t θ t π .t
2 x t r t 8 cos θ t y t r t . sin θ t

20 10 0 10 20
y t
2

x t

FIGURE S1.103

The Matlab code is:

EDU>t=linspace(0,2);
EDU>r=(1+tˆ2)/2;th=pi*t.ˆ2;
EDU>x=r.*8.*cos(th); y=r.*sin(th);
EDU>plot(x,y)

q
1.104 The value of v(t) is always positive. Note that |v(t)| = t2 + π 2 t2 (1 + t2 )2 =
q
t 1 + π 2 (1 + t2 )2 = ds/dt so that
R2q
s − s0 = 0 t2 + π 2 t2 (1 + t2 )2 dt = 18.977 m.

1.105 Solution: r(t) = 2 so that ṙ = r̈ = 0 and there is circular motion. θ(t) = sin πt
so that θ̇ = π cos πt and θ̈ = −π 2 sin πt. From equations (1.103):
v(t) = r θ̇êθ = 2π cos πtêθ and
a(t) = −2π 2 cos2 πtêr − 2π 2 sin2 πtêθ
Let x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ to plot the motion as illustrated below.

45

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Mathcad solution is:

t 0 , 0.01 . . 2
θ t sin π. t

r t 2

90
120 2 60
1.5
150 30
1
0.5
r t
180 0 0

210 330

240 300
270
θ t

FIGURE S1.105
The Matlab code is:
EDU>linspace(0,2);
EDU>r=2;th=sin(pi*t);
EDU>x=r*cos(th);y=5*sin(th);
EDU>plot(x,y)

1.106 Solution:
ds
√
dt
= |v(t)| = 4π 2 cos2 πt = |2π cos πt|
R2
s − s0 = 0 |2π cos πt|dt = 8 m

1.107 Since the particle starts from rest, ṙ(0) = 0, θ̇(0) = 0 r(0) = 1, and θ(0) = 0.
To determine v(t) and a(t) from eqs.(1.103) we need r(t), θ(t), ṙ(t) and θ̇(t)
which we can calculate by integrating r̈ and θ̈
Rt Rt
ṙ(t) − ṙ(0) = 0 r̈(x)dx = 0 2e−x dx = 2(1 − e−t )
Rt
r(t) − 1 = 2 0 (1 − e−x )dx so that r(t) = 1 + 2(t + e−t − 1) = −1 + 2t + 2e−t
Likewise
Rt Rt πt2
θ̇(t) − 0 = π 0 dx = πt and θ(t) − 0 = π 0 xdx = 2

46

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Now from eqs. (1.103)
v(t) = 2(1 − e−t )êr + [(2e−t + 2t − 1)πt]êθ
a(t) = [2e−t − (2e−t + 2t − 1)π 2 t2 ]êr + [(2e−t + 2t − 1)π + 2(2 − 2e−t )πt]

2
1.108 Let r(t) = 1 + 2(t + e−t − 1) and θ(t) = πt2 . Then define x(t) = r(t) cos θ(t),
y(t) = r(t) sin θ(t) and plot (Mathcad solution)
t 0 , 0.01 .. 2 2
r t 1 2. t e
t
1 π .t
θ t
2

x t r t . cos θ t
y t r t . sin θ t

3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y t

x t

FIGURE S1.108
R2
The distance traveled is 0 |v(t)|dt = 14.438 m
The Matlab code is:
EDU>linspace(0,2);
EDU>r=1+2*(t-exp(-t)-1);th=(pi*t.ˆ2)/2;
EDU>x=r.*cos(th);y=r.*sin(th);
EDU>plot(x,y)

1.109 Given ω = 2π rad/s and r(t) = r0 + ra sin 2πt, to determine the acceleration
requires expressions for r, θ, ṙ and θ̇. Since ω = 2π, dθ = 2πdt and θ = θ0 + 2πt,
θ̇ = 2π, and θ̈ = 0.
Likewise ṙ = 2πra cos 2πt and r̈ = −4π 2 ra sin 2πt. From eq. 1.103, ar =
r̈ − r θ̇2 = −4π 2 ra sin 2πt − (r0 + ra sin 2πt)4π 2 = −4π 2 (2ra sin 2πt + r0 ) m/s2
aθ = r θ̈ − 2ṙθ̇ = (2)(2πra cos 2πt)(2π) = 8π 2 ra cos 2πt m/sec2

47

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.110 Solution: a) Let r0 = 2, ra = 1.5 < r0 and θ0 = 0, r(t) = 2 + 1.5 sin 2πt,
θ(0) = 0 so θ(t) = 2πt. For one revolution let t = 0, 0.01...1 sec, then let
x(t) = r(t) cos θ(t) and y(t) = r(t) sin θ(t) which is plotted below using Mathcad

t 0 , 0.01 .. 2
r t 2 1.5 . sin 2 . π . t
θ t 2.π .t

90
120 60

150 30

r t
180 0
0 1 2 3

210 330

240 300
270
θ t

FIGURE S1.110

The Matlab code for this plot is

EDU>linspace(0,2);
EDU>r=2+1.5*sin(2*pi*t);th=2*pi*t;
EDU>x=r.*cos(th);y=r.*sin(th),
EDU>plot(x,y)
b) The velocity is v(t) = ṙêr + r θ̇êθ so that:
q q
|v(t)| = | ṙ 2 + r 2 θ̇2 | = π 1.5 cos2 2πt + (2 + 1.5 sin 2πt)2
R1
so s = 0 |v(t)|dt = 14.407 m

48

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.111 Solution: ar = 2t, aθ = cos(πz), r(0) = .5 m, θ(0) = 0. Since it starts from
rest θ̇(0) = ṙ(0) = 0. From eq. (1.103) r̈ − r θ̇2 = 2t, r θ̈ + 2ṙθ̇ = cos(πt)
which is a system of 2 coupled 2nd order equations which are nonlinear and
inhomogeneous. The initial conditions (4) are given above. To solve numerically
follow sample 1.22 (use x = ṙ, y = θ̇)
r̈ = r θ̇2 + 2t ẋ = r · y 2 + 2t
ṙ = x
θ̈ = −2 ṙrθ̇ + cos πt
r
: ẏ = −2xy/r + cosr πt
θ̇ = y
The Euler formula becomes (tn+1 = tn + ∆t)
xn+1 = (rn · yn2 + 2tn )∆t + xn x0 0
   

rn+1 = rn + xn ∆t r 
 0
 .5 
= 
 
yn+1 = (−2xn · yn /rn + cosrnπtr )∆t + yn  y0  0


θn+1 = yn ∆t + θn θ0 0
Once these are solved the polar coordinate r(t) and θ(t) are given by the digital
record for rn and θn .

49

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.112 The trajectory is obtained by plotting rn cos θn vs. rn sin θn from above. The
Mathcad solution is:

i 0 . . 2000 ∆t 0.001
t i. ∆t
1
α v , r, ω, θ , t . cos π . t 2. v. ω
r
2
a v, r, ω, θ , t 2. t r. ω

v0 vi 1
a v i , ri , ω , θ , t . ∆t vi
i i i
0
r0 ri 1 ri vi . ∆t
0.5
ω0 0 ω ω α vi , ri , ω i , θi , t i . ∆t
i 1
i
0
θ0 θ θi ω . ∆t
i 1
i

xi ri . cos θ i yi ri . sin θ i

Trajectory in meters
0.8

0.6

y 0.4
i

0.2

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
x
i

FIGURE S1.112

50

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The equivalent Matlab code is:
function xdot=onept112(t,x);
xdot=[x(2);x(2)*x(3)ˆ2+2*t;x(4);-2*x(1)*x(3)/x(1)+(cos(pi*t))/x(2)];
In the command window:
EDU>tspan=[0 2];
EDU>x0=[0;5;0;0]
EDU>[t,x]=ode45(‘onept112’,tspan,x0);
EDU>xc=x(:,2).*cos(x(:,4));ys=x(:,2).*sin(x(:,4));
EDU>plot(xc,ys)

1.113 The acceleration components in polar coordinates are given in eq. (1.04) to be
ar = r̈ − r θ̇2 and aθ = r θ̈ + 2ṙθ̇.
We are given r̈ and θ̈ which we need to integrate to get ṙ, r, θ and θ̇. First
consider θ̈ = 0 so that θ̇ = constant = 1.5 rad/s. Integrating again yields
θ(t) = 1.5t. Then the above becomes simply
ar = r̈ − (1.5)2 r, aθ = 2(1.5)ṙ = 3ṙ
Integrating r̈ = 3 − 0.01ṙ requires the solution of
r̈ + 0.01ṙ = 3
3t
Which is a second order differential equation with particular solution rP = 0.01 .
The homogeneous equation is r̈ + 0.01ṙ = 0 which has solution r1 = A and
r2 = Beλt . Substitution yields
λ2 + 0.01λ = 0 or λ = −0.01 so the homogeneous solution is
rH (t) = A + Be−0.01t
and the general solution is
r = rH + rP = A + Be−0.01t − 300t
To get A and B apply the initial condition r(0) = 0.4 and ṙ(0) = 0
r(0) = A + B = 0.4, ṙ(0) = 0.01B + 300 = 0 or B = −30, 000
A = 30, 000.4
Thus
r(t) = −30, 000.4 − 30, 000e−0.01t + 300t m
Thus ṙ = 300(1 − e−0.01t ), r̈ = 3e−0.01t so that
ar = 3e−0.01t − 2.25(30000.4 − 30000e−0.01t + 300t)
aθ = (3)(30000.4) − 90, 000e−0.01t + 900t

51

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.114 The trajectory is a part of x(t) = r cos θ versus y = r sin θ. The form of r(t)
and θ(t) are given in the previous problem. Let t = 0, 0.1...4 and plot y vs. x(t)
as given below from Mathcad

t 0 , 0.1 .. 4

0.01 . t
r t 30000.4 30000 . e 300 . t

θ t 1.5 . t

90
120 60

150 30

r t
180 0
0 1000 2000

210 330

240 300
270
θ t

FIGURE S1.114
The Matlab code is:
EDU>t=linspace(0,4);
EDU>th=1.5*t;r=3000.4-3000*exp(-0.01*t)+300*t;
EDU>x=r.*cos(th);y=r.*sin(th);
EDU>plot(x,y)

1.115 In order to determine the velocity and acceleration from eq. (1.103), r(t), ṙ(t), r̈,
θ, θ̇ and θ̈ are needed. Since θ̇ = π/4 so that θ̈ = 0 and θ(t) = (π/4)t (assuming
θ(0) = 0). Then r(t) = r(θ(t)) = 100 + 60 cos πt 4
so that ṙ(t) = −15π sin πt
4
and
15π 2 πt
r̈ = − 4 cos 4 .

52

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Thus from eq. (103)
v(t) = (−15π sin πt
4
)êr + ( π4 )(100 + 60 cos πt
4
)êθ
and
  2   h i
a(t) = − 15
4
π 2 cos πt
4
− π
4
100 + 60 cos πt
4
êr + − 15
2
π 2 sin πt
4
êθ
2 2
a(t) = −(100 + 120 cos πt ) π ê − [ 15π
4 16 r 2
sin πt
4 θ
]ê

1.116 Here we need to find r(t) from the drawing and knowledge of θ(t). θ(t) =
2
π
4
sin πt, so that θ̇ = π4 cos πt and θ̈ = − π4 3 sin πt = −π 2 θ(t). From the drawing
300 = r(t) cos θ(t) so that
r(t) = 300 sec θ(t) = 300 sec ( π4 sin πt)
ṙ(t) = 75π 2 tan( π4 sin πt) sec ( π4 sin πt) cos πt
h i
π2 π4
r̈(t) = 300 16
sin2 πt tan( π4 sin πt) + 16
cos2 πt(tan2 ( π4 sin πt) − 1) sec( π4 sin πt)
Then
v = [75π 2 tan( π4 sin πt)sec( π4 sin πt) cos πt]êr + [75π 2sec( π4 sin πt) cos πt]êθ
The aceleration becomes (in terms of θ, θ̇ and θ̈)
a = 300 sec θ[(2 tan2 θ)θ̇2 + tan θθ̈]êr + 300 sec θ[θ̈ + 2 tan θθ̇2 ]êθ

53

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.117 Let θ be the angle between r(t) and the 60 mm line. Let β(t) be the angle
between the 100 mm radius and the end of r(t). From this triangle
r(t) = 60 cos θ + 100 cos β
and from the law of sines: (1) 60 sin θ = 100 sin β. Differentiation of the law
of sines yields (2) 60 cos θθ̇ = 100 cos β β̇. These last two expressions can be
used to remove the β dependence. Differentiating r(t) and using (1) and (2) to
remove the β̇ term yields
ṙ = −60 sin θθ̇ − 100 sin β β̇ = −60 cos θ tan β θ̇
where we note that eq. (1) can be used to remove the β dependence in favor of
θ. Now θ̇ = constant = π is given, so ṙ becomes
ṙ = −60π sin θ − 60π cos θ tan β, where β = sin−1 (0.6 sin θ). From (1)
602 π 2 cos2 θ
r̈ = −60π 2 cos θ + 60π 2 sin θ tan β − 100 cos3 β
which can be verified symbolically using one of the codes. With r, ṙ and r̈
given, θ̇ = π, so that θ = πt and θ̈ = 0, then a can be determined from equation
(104):
ar = r̈ − r θ̇2 and aθ = 2ṙθ̇ = 2π ṙ.

The Mathcad code for plotting this follows:

2
ar t ddr t r t .π
aθ t 2. dr t . π
Accelerations vs time
2000

1000
Acceleration in m/s 2

ar t 0

aθ t
1000

2000

3000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
t
time s

FIGURE S1.117

54

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.118 From the problem statement α(t) = 0.5 cos t. Integrating yields ω(t) = 0.5 sin t+
ω0 = 0.5 sin t since it starts from rest. Integrating again (θ0 = 0) yields
θ(t) = −0.5 cos t + C = −0.5 cos t + 0.5. Now recall the formulation of the
previous problem β(t) = a sin(0.6 sin(θ(t)). Then using the formulas developed
in problem 1.117, ar and aθ can be determined. These are illustrated in the
figure where the derivatives are confirmed by symbolic computations.

t 0 , 0.01 .. 7 θ t 0.5 . cos t 0.5 ω t 0.5 . sin t α t 0.5 . cos t

β t asin 0.6 . sin θ t r t 60 . cos θ t 100 cos β t

First symbolicaly calculate the time derivative of r(t) and define it by rd(t)
d
60 . cos θ t 100 cos β t
dt

d d
60 . sin θ t . θ t 100 . sin β t . β t
dt dt

d d
rd t 60 . sin θ t . θ t 100 . sin β t . β t
dt dt

Next symbolically calculate the second deriviative and denote it by rdd(t)

d d d
60 . sin θ t . θ t 100 . sin β t . β t
dt dt dt

2 2
d d2 d d2
60 . cos θ t . θ t 60 . sin θ t . θ t 100 . cos β t . β t 100 . sin β t . β t
dt d t2 dt d t2
2 2
d d2 d d2
rdd t 60 . cos θ t . θ t 60 . sin θ t . θ t 100 . cos β t . β t 100 . sin β t . β t
dt d t2 dt d t2
Now define the acceleration components in terms of r and its derivatives, theta and omega:

2
ar t rdd t r t .ω t aθ t 2 . rd t . ω t r t .α t

100

50

ar t

aθ t 0 2 4 6 8

50

100

FIGURE S1.118

55

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.119 The acceleration and velocity in cylindrical coordinates are given in eq. (1.109)
and (1.111) and require r, ṙ, r̈, ż, z̈, θ̇ and θ̈. Here r = 1.5, θ̇ = π and z =
0.5 cos 2πt so that ṙ = r̈ = 0, θ̈ = 0, θ̈ = 0, ż = −π sin 2πt and z̈ = −2π 2 cos 2πt.
Thus
v = 1.5πêθ − π sin(2πt)êz m/s
a = −1.5π 2 êr − 2π 2 cos(2πt)êz m/s2

The Mathcad code for generating this plot is:

i 0 . . 40 t 0.1. i
xi 1.5. cos π . ti yi 1.5 sin π . ti zi 0.5. cos 2. π . ti

0.4
0.2
0
0.2
1
0
1 1

0
1

x, y, z

FIGURE S1.119

The Matlab code for forming this plot is given in the following file:
i=(0:1:40);
x=1.5*cos(pi*i*0.1);y=1.5sin(pi*i*0.1);z=0.5*cos(pi*i*0.1);
plot3(x,y,z)

56

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 ds
= |v| or s = s0 + 0t |v|dt. Assuming
R
1.120 The distance traveled is calculated from
q dt
the particle starts out s0 = 0, s = 02 (1.5π)2 + (π sin 2πt)dt = 10.398 m.
R

The total distance traveled can also be calculated using software. For example,
the Mathcad code for computing this distance follows:
t 0 , 0.01 . . 2
0
2
v t 1.5. π
v t d t = 10.398
π . sin 2. π . t 0

FIGURE S1.120

1.121 Solution: r(t) = R − hz R, = R − h−0.1ht

h
R = R − R + 0.1Rt = 0.1Rt so that
R
ṙ = 10 and r̈ = 0. θ(t) = 2πt so that θ̇ = 2π and θ̈ = 0.
z(t) = h(1 − 0.1t) so that ż = −0.1h and z̈ = 0.
Thus
v = 0.1Rêr + (0.1Rt)(2π)êθ − 0.1hêz = 0.1Rêr + 0.2πRtêθ − 0.1hêz , and
a = (−0.1Rt)4π 2 êr + ( R5 · 2π)êθ = −0.4Rπ 2 têr + 0.4πRêθ .
The particle reaches the bottom of the cone when z(t) = 0 or h(1 − 0.1t) = 0
or at t = 10 sec. Since θ = 2πt, as 10 sec have pased, then θ has gone around
10 times before it reaches the bottom (2π10 = 20π or 10 complete cycles).

1.122 Solution:
q for R = 3m and h = 5 m, v(t) = 0.3êr + 0.6têθ − 0.5êz so that
|v| = (0.3)2 + (0.6t)2 + (0.5)2 as it takes 10 sec to travel to the bottom
R 10 R 10 q
s= 0 |v|dt = 0 (0.3)2 + (0.6t)2 + (1.5)2 dt = 94.67 m

1.123 From eq. (1.111) the given form of the differential equations are êr : 3 =
r̈ − r θ̇2 (1), êθ : 2ṙ θ̈ = 0.1 (2) and from êz : z̈ = −2. Since the particle starts
from rest at zero, all the initial conditions are zero and since the z coordinate is
decoupled it can be directly integrated to yield ż = −2t and z̈ = −t2 . Equations
(1) and (2) for r and θ on the other hand are two coupled nonlinear equations
which must be solved numerically. They are
r̈ = r θ̇2 + 3
θ̈ = −2 ṙrθ̇ + 0.1
r

57

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Putting these in 1st order form or Euler integration yields
ṙ 0 ṙ r θ̇y 2 + 3
       
r 1 r  dr 
  =  ,  =
       
 θ̇  0  θ̇   0.1/r − 2drdθ/r 


θ 0 θ dθ
The Euler equations then becomes (follow sample 1.22) as illustrated in
rn+1 rn + drn · ∆t r0 0
       
 dr   (r · dθ 2 + 3) · ∆t + dr   dr  0
 n+1  n n n   0
= , = 
  
 θn+1  θn + dθn · ∆t   θ0  0
 
 
dθn+1 dθn + 0.1
rn
− 2 drn ·dθn
rn
· ∆t dθ0 0
Figure S1.123 shows the integration along with a plot of the first 3 s using
Mathcad.

i 0 .. 3000
∆t 0.001
ti ∆t. i
2
ar r , dr , θ , dθ 3 r . dθ
1
aθ r , dr , θ , dθ . 0.1 2 . dr. dθ
r
r0 1 dr0 0 θ0 0 dθ0 0

dri 1 dri ar ri , dri , θi , dθi . ∆t

ri 1 r idr . ∆t i
dθi 1 dθi aθ ri , dri , θi , dθi . ∆t
θi 1 θ dθ . ∆t
i i

90
120 60

150 30

r
i 180 0
0 5 10

210 330

240 300
270
θ
i

FIGURE S1.123

58

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The required Matlab code is as follows:
function xdot=onept123(t,x);
xdot=[x(2);3+x(1)*x(4)ˆ2;x(4);(0.1-2*x(2)*x(4))/x(1)],

In the command window:

EDU>tspan[0 3];
EDU>0=[1;0;0;0];
EDU>[t,x]=ode(‘onept123’,tspan,x0);
xc=x(:,1).*cos(x(:,3));yc=x(:,1).*sin(x(:,3));
plot(xc,yc)

1.124 Since R(t) = 0.3 + 0.1t2 , Ṙ(t) = 0.2t and R̈(t) = 0.2. Since θ(t) = π sin(πt),
θ̇(t) = π 2 cos πt and θ̈(t) = −π 3 sin πt. Since φ(t) = π2 te−t , φ̇(t) = π2 (e−t − te−t )
and φ̈(t) = π2 (−e−t + (−e−t + te−t )) = π2 e−t (t − 2). Now from equation (1.116)
v(t) = 0.2têR + π2 (0.3 + 0.1t2 )e−t (1 − t)êφ +[0.3 + 0.1t2 ][sin( πt
2
e−t )](π 2 cos πt)êθ
From Eq. (1.118)
a(t) = [0.2 − (0.3 + 0.1t2 )( π2 (1 − t)e−t )2 − (0.3 + 0.1t2 )[sin( πt
2
e−t )]2 (π 4 cos2 πt)]êR
+[(0.3 + 0.1t2 )( π2 (t − 2)e−t ) + 2(0.2t)( π2 e−t (1 − t))
−(0.3 + 0.1t2 )(π 2 cos πt)2 sin( πt
2
e−t ) cos( πt
2
e−t )] êφ
+[(0.3 + 0.1t2 )(−π 3 sin πt) sin( πt
2
e−t ) + 0.4t(π 2 cos πt) sin( πt
2
e−t )
+2(0.3 + 0.1t2 )( π2 e−t (1 − t))(π 2 cos πt) cos( πt
2
e−t ]êθ

1.125 From Sample Problem 1.24 we have a = g sin φêφ , and we are given that R = 200
mm, (Rθ̇)0 = 600 mm/s and that φ0 = π/2, θ0 = 0, g = 9810 mm/s2 . Since
h is constant (R = 200 ⇒ θ̇0 = 3), h = θ̇0 sin2 φ0 = 3 rad/s. Now from
the geometry of spherical coordinates the relation to rectangular coordinates is
(from fig. 1.21)
x(t) = R sin φ cos θ, y = R sin φ sin θ, z = R cos φ
Now to solve the problem we need to integrate (via Eulerian) the two coupled
equations
h h2 cos φ g
θ̇ = sin2 φ
and φ̈ = sin2 φ
+ R
sin φ
subject to the initial condition φ0 = π2 , θ0 = 0, φ̇0 = 0.

59

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Euler formulation and a plot of the motion is given in the following Mathcad
code:

i 0 .. 800 ∆t 0.001 ti ∆t . i h 3 R 200 g 9810

2
h . cos φ g
aφ φ . sin φ
sin φ
2 R

3
dθ φ
2
sin φ

π
dφ0 0 φ0 θ0 0
2

dφi dφi aφ φi . ∆t
1
φi 1
φi dφi . ∆t
θi 1 θi dθ φi . ∆t

xi R . sin φi . cos θi yi R . sin φi . sin θi zi R . cos φi

100

0 100
100

100

200

x, y, z

FIGURE S1.125

60

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code is (using an Euler method):
x(1)=0;p(1)=pi/2,th(3)=0;h=3;R=200;g=9810
dt=0.001; for n=1:800;
x(n+1)=x(n)+(hˆ2*cos(p(n))/(sin(p(n))ˆ2 + (g/R)*sin(p(n))*dt;
p(n+1)=p(n)+x(n)*dt;
th(n+1)=th(n)+(3/sin(p(n))ˆ2)*dt;
end
xc=R*sin(p).*cos(p);yc=R*sin(p).*sin(p);zc=R*cos(p);
plot3(xc,yc,zc)

1.126 This is a repeat of problem 1.125 for the case that θ̇0 = 0. Since θ̇0 and the
constant of motion θ̇ sin2 φ = h must hold for all θ, h must be zero and the
kinematic equations become φ̈ = Rg sin φ and θ̇ = 0 which are numerically
integrated in the following figure (Mathcad):
i 0 .. 800 ∆t 0.001 ti ∆t. i h 3 R 200 g 9810
g.
dθ φ 0 aφ φ sin φ
R
π
dφ0 0 φ0 θ0 0
2
dφi 1
dφi aφ φi . ∆t
φi 1
φi dφi . ∆t
θi 1 θi dθ φi . ∆t

xi R . sin φi . cos θi yi R . sin φi . sin θi zi R . cos φi

100

00.4
0.6
0.8
1.2

100

100

200

x, y, z

FIGURE S1.126

61

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code is contained in the following file which when run will produce
an identical plot:
x(1)=0;p(1)=pi/2;th(1)=0;h=3;R=200;g=9810;
dt=0.001
for n=1:800;
x(n+1)=x(n)+(g/R)*sin(p(n))*dt;
p(n+1)=p(n)+x(n)*dt;
th(n+1)=th(n);
end
xc=R*sin(p).*cos(p);yc=R*sin(p).*sin(p);ac=R*cos(p);
plot3(xc,yc,zc)

1.127 From the solution to problem 1.126, φ̈ = Rg sin φ for the case that the initial
velocity in the circumferential direction is zero (h = 0). We are given that
φ = π + β, β small so that using the trig identity for sin(π + β) we have sin φ =
sin(π + β) = sin π cos β + cos π sin β = − sin β. But since β is assumed small,
we can use the small angle approximation: − sin β = −β, and our differential
2
equation becomes (φ̈ = dtd 2 (π + β) = β̈)
β̈ + Rg β = 0
which was solved analytically in Sample Problem 1.9. The solution is
q q q
g g g
β(t) = β0 cos( R
t) + β̇
R 0
sin( R
t)
where β0 and β̇0 are the initial angle and angular velocity given to the particle.

1.128 From the value of a in spherical coordinates, the following 3 equations result
12 = R̈ − Rφ̇2 − Rθ̇2 sin2 φ
4 = Rφ̈ + 2Ṙφ̇ − Rθ̇2 sin φ cos φ
5 = Rθ̈ sin φ + 2Ṙθ̇ sin φ + 2Rφ̇θ̇ cos φ
which can be numerically integrated subject to the initial conditions
R(0) = 2 Ṙ(0) = 2
θ(0) = 0 θ̇(0) = −2 (since vθ = −4 = R(0) sin φ(0)θ̇(0))
φ(0) = π/2 φ̇(0) = 1/2 (since vφ = R(0)θ̇(0) + 2θ̇(0) + 1)
by direct comparison with v(0) = 2êr + êφ − 4êθ .

62

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Once one numerically integrated, the expressions x = R sin φ cos θ, y = R sin φ sin θ
and z = R cos φ can be used to construct a 3-D plot of the motion as described
in the figure that follows using Mathcad.

i 0 .. 1000 ∆t 0.001 ti ∆t . i

aR R , vφ , vθ , φ 12 R . vφ2 R . vθ2 . sin φ 2

1.
aφ R , vR , vφ , vθ , φ 4 2 . vR . vφ R . vθ2 . sin φ . cos φ
R

1
aθ R , vR , vφ , vθ , φ . 5 2 . vR . vφ . sin φ 2 . R . vφ . vθ . cos φ
R sin φ
.

π
vR0 2 R0 2 vφ0 0.5 φ0 vθ0 2 θ0 0
2

vRi 1
vRi aR Ri , vφi , vθi , φi . ∆t
Ri 1 R ivR . ∆t i
vφi 1 vφi aφ Ri , vRi , vφi , vθi , φi . ∆t
φi 1 φ ivφ . ∆t i
vθi 1 vθi aθ Ri , vRi , vφi , vθi , φi . ∆t
θi 1 θ vθ . ∆t
i i

xi Ri . sin φi . cos θi yi Ri . sin φi . sin θi zi Ri . cos φi

0
1
2
3
15
5 10
0 5
0

x, y, z

FIGURE S1.128

63

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The required Matlab code is:
R(1)=2;vR(1)=2;p(1)=pi/2);vp(1)=0.5;th(1)=0;vth(1)=-2;
dt=0.001
for n=1:1000;
R(n+1)=R(n)+vR(n)*dt
vp(nt)=vp(n)+((1/R(n))*4-2*vR(n)*vp(n)+R*vth(n)ˆ2*sin(p(n)*cps)xdt;
p(n+1)=p(n)+vp(n)*dt;
vth(n+1)=vth(n+1)+(1/(R(n)*sin(p(n)))*(5-2*vR(n)*vp(n)*sin(p(n))
-2*R(n)*vp(n)*vth(n)*cos(p(n))*dt;
th(n+1)=th(n)+vth(n)*dt;
vR(n+1)=vR(n)+(12+R(n)*vp(n)ˆ2+R(n)*vth(n)ˆ2 * sin *p(n))+ dt;
end
x=R.*cos(p).*sin(th);y=R.*sin(p).*sin(th);z=R.*cos (th);
plot3(x,t,z)

1.129 We are given xA = 2t + 6 and xB/A = 3t2 + 2t + 3. From equation (1.120)

xB = xB/A + xA = 3t2 + 4t + 9 so that ẋB = vB = (6t + 4) m/s, and aB = 6 m/s2 .
Likewise vB/A = 6t + 2 and aB/A = 6 m/s2 from straight forward differentiation.

1.130 Since the particles start from rest vA (0) = vB (0) = 0 and since vB/A (0) =
vB − vA , vB/A (0) = 0. Since xA = 3t + 2 and xB = 6t2 + 2, vA = 3 and aA = 0,
vB = 12t and aB = 12. Since aB and aA are both constant and different in value:
the two particles never have the same acceleration. The two particles reach the
same position when xB/A = 0. xB/A = 6t2 + 2 − (3t + 2) = 6t2 − 3t = 0 when
t = 0 and when t = 1/2s. Since xB/A = 6t2 − 3t, vB/A = 12t − 3 so that they
have the same velocity when t = 3/12 or t = 1/4s.

1.131 Here you must pick t0 carefully as the cars do not start moving at the same time.
Car B moves with a constant velocity of vB = 15 m/s so that xB = 15t + xB (0)
for all time. Car A on the other hand, starts moving when car B crosses a
position 100 meters out. Starting the clock at 0 when car B crosses the 100
m mark and taking the position x = 0 m as the reference point we can write
xB = 15t+ 100, since vB = 15 m/s implies that xB (t) = 15t+ xB (0) = 15t+ 100.
Now consider car A. We have that xA (t) = t2 until it reaches the speed of 20
m/s. This happens when 2t = 20 or at t = 10 sec. Note that xA (10) = 100 m,

64

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 so that the cars cannot meet until after t > 10 s (i.e., car B started 100 m out).
For t > 10 s, we are given that vA = 20 m/s. Integrating yields
R xA Rt
xA (10) dx = 10 20dt or xA (t) = 20t − 200 + xA (10)
But xA (10) = 100. Then for t > 10, xA (t) = 20t − 100. Now for t > 10, xB/A =
15t + 100 − (20t − 100) = −5t + 200. Then xB/A = 0 yields tm = 40s, the time
at which the cars meet. They have traveled at distance of xA (40) = (20)(40) −
100 = 700 m which can be checked by calculating xB (40) = (15)(40)+100 = 700
m.

1.132 Particle B reverses direction when the velocity is zero. Since xB = 12 + 18t −
18
4.9t2 , vB = 18 − 9.8t = 0 at tr = 9.8 = 1.83s, at this time particle B changes
directions. The two particles will meet when xA = xB or 5+2t = 12+18t−4.9t2 ,
which has solution tc = −0.391, and 3.656s. So they collide at tc = 3.656s. With
relative velocity vB/A (tc ) = 16 − 9.8t = −19.83 m/s. since tc > tr , the particles
collide after B reverses direction as illustrated in the figure.

t 0 , 0.1 .. 4

xB t 12 18 . t 4.9 . t2 xA t 5 2.t

30

xA t 20

xB t
10

0 1 2 3 4
t

FIGURE S1.132

1.133 Let car A be moving to the right with vA (0) = 60 mph = 88 ft/s, xA (0) = 0, and
aA = −16 ft/s2 . Let car B be moving to the left with xB (0) = 300, vB (0) = −88
ft/s and aB = 15 ft/s2 . Integrating each yields
Rt
vA = vA (0) − 0 16dt = 88 − 16t and
xA = xA (0) + 88t − 8t2 = 88t − 8t2
Rt
vB = vB (0) + 16 0 dt = −88 + 16t
xB = xB (0) − 88t + 8t2 = 300 − 88t + 8t2

65

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 If they collide xB = xA or 300 − 88t + 8t2 = −8t2 + 88t or t = 2.109 and 8.891.
Now check to see if the cars are still moving at that time. The cars come to
88
rest at vA = vB = 0 or 88 − 16t = 0 or t = 16 = 5.5 sec. Thus the cars hit at
t = 2 sec. At that time
vB/A (t) = vB (2.109) − vA (2.109) = (−54.256) − (54.256) = 108.5 ft/s.

1.134 Solution: vA (0) = 45 mph = 66 ft/s, vB (0) =58 mph = 85 ft/s, xB/A (0) = 500
ft, taking xA (0) = 0 then xB (0) = 500 ft, aA = 4 ft/s and aB = −2 ft/s.
Integrating each yields
vA (t) = vA (0) + 2t = 66 + 2t, xA (t) = xA (0) + 66t + t2 = 66t + t2 ,
vB (t) = vB (0) − 2t = 85 − 2t, xB (t) = xB (0) + 85t − t2 = 500 + 85t − t2 . The
cars meet when xB/A = 0 or when 500 + 85t − 2t2 = 0. This yields two roots for
t, one is negative and the other is t = 33.795s. Using the above formulas, the
cars meet at
xA (33.795) = 3, 373 ft ∼ 0.64 miles and their velocities are
vA (33.795) = 133.59 ft/s and
vB (35.795) = 17.41 ft/s

1.135 Given: aB/A = 3 · m/s2 , vB/A (0) = 0, xB/A (0) = 10 m, and xA = 3t2 + 1
compute aB . Differentiation of xA yields vA = 6t and aA = 6. So that aB/A =
3 = aB − aA = aB − 6, and solving yields aB = 9 m/s2 . Integrating aB/A = 3
yields vB/A (t) = vB/A (0) + 3t = 3t. Integrating again yields xB/A = vB/A (0) +
2
3t22 = 10 + 3t2 . Since xB/A = xB − xA we have 10 + 3t2 = xB − 3t2 − 1 or
xB (t) = 4.5t2 + 11 m.

1.136 Since the time is so large in seconds, leave this in mph, miles and hours. For
the 747, vB = 575 mph and xB = 575t miles. At t = 3 hr., xB (3) = 575(3).
At t = 3 the Concorde takes off and vA = 1336 mph so that xA = 1336t miles.
For t ≥ 3, xB can be rewritten as xB = (575)(3) + 575t, t ≥ 3. The Concorde
catches the 747 at xA = xB or (575)(3) + 575t = 1336t or t = (575)(3)
(76)
= 2.27 hrs.

q
1.137 The pendulum falls as θB (t) = θ0 cos gℓ t, with θ̇B (0) = 0. Consider the vertical
(θ = 0) position as theqreference point at which
q we would like to q know the time
g g π π
tc , i.e., solving θ0 cos ℓ t = 0 for t yields ℓ tc = 2 or tc = 2 gℓ = 1.121 s,
the time it takes the pendulum to cover the angular distance from 20◦ to zero
(note this does not depend on the value of θ0 ). Next consider particle A. It

66

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 starts at rest (xA (0) = 0) 10 meters to the left, so that xA (0) = −10 m. The
particle’s acceleration can be written as an = a m/s2 where a is an unknown
constant. Integrating yields vA = vA (0) + at = at. Integrating again yields: q
xA (t) = xa (0) + a2 t2 = − a2 t2 − 10. The value at collision for t will be tc = π2 gℓ
so that a2 t2 − 10 = 0 or a = 20
t2c
= 80g
π2 ℓ
= 15.9 m/s2 .

1.138 From eq. (1.77) vB = ℓθ̇B = 5θ̇B since the pendulum is in uniform circular
motion or qradius q
ℓ = 5 m. Differentiation of the expression
q  for θB (t) yields
g g √ g
θ̇B = −θ0 ℓ sin ℓ
t so that vB = ℓθ̇ − θ0 gℓ sin ℓ
t . Let tc be the
time of impact
√ calculated
q  in problem 1.37. Then q from 1.37, vA = atc so that
g 20 π ℓ
vB/A = −θ0 gℓ sin t −
ℓ q t2c c
t . Substitute tc = 2 g
and θ0 = π9 radians (20◦ )
√ g
yields vB/A = π9 gℓ + 40 π ℓ
= 20.279 m/s.

1.139 The acceleration of each particle is given by

aA = −9.81 − 0.1vA (1) aB = −9.81 − 0.1vB (2)
with initial conditions vA (0) = 30 m/s, xA (0) = 100 m vB (0) = xB (0) = 0.
Equation (1) becomes ẍA + 0.1ẋA = −9.81 and (2) becomes ẍB + 0.1ẋB = −9.81
These are second order, uncoupled linear differential equations with analytical
solutions. The homogeneous solutions are xA = A, a constant and xA = Be0.1t
or xA (t) = A+Be−0.1t . The particular solution is Ct. Substitution of (xA )p = Ct
into (1) yields C = −98.1. Thus (xA )p = −98.1t and the total solution is
xA = A + Be−0.1t − 98.1t. Applying the initial condition yields
100 = A + B from the initial position
30 = −0.1B − 98.1 from the initial velocity
Solving yields B = −681 and A = 781. Thus
xA (t) = 781 − 681e−0.1t − 98.1t and vA (t) = 68.1e−0.1t − 98.1.
Next consider particle B which has the same form but different initial conditions,
i.e., xB = A′ + B ′ e−0.1t − 98.1t. The initial conditions yield
0 = A′ + B ′
0 = −0.1B ′ − 98.1
Solving yields A′ = 981 and B ′ = −981 so that
xB (t) = 981(1 − e−0.1t ) − 98.1t and vB (t) = 98.1e−0.1t − 98.1
Computing xB/A (t) and setting this equal to zero yields
0 = 981 − 781 + (−981 + 681)e−0.1tc
Solving yields tc = ℓn(2/3)
−0.1
= 4.0555, the time of collision. The relative velocity
at tc = 4.055 is vB (4.055) − vA (4.055) = 20 m/s

67

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The two differential equations for the acceleration of the particles are separable
and can be solved by hand. However, to gain a better conceptual understanding
of the particle motion, the equations are solved by numerical integration using
the following Mathcad code:

a v 9.81 0.1. v
i 0 . . 4060
∆t 0.001
t .
i ∆t
vA 0
0
yA 0 100
vB 0 30
yB 0 0
vA i 1
vA i a vA i . ∆t
yA i 1
yA i vA i . ∆t
vB i 1 vB i a vB i . ∆t
yB i 1 yB i vB i . ∆t
Position- time of A and B
100

yA

yB 50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
ti
time s

yA = 29.241 yB = 29.252 The impact occurs 29.2 m above the

original position of B (taken as the origin).
vB vA 4055 = 19.999 The relative velocity at impact is 20 m/s

68

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code for this is:
function xdot=onept139(t,x);
xdot=[x(2);-9.81-0.1*x(2);x(4);-9.81-0.1*x(4)];

In the command window:

EDU>tspan=[0 4];
EDU>x0=[100;0;0;30];
EDU>[t,x]=ode45(‘onept139’,tspan,x0);
EDU>plot(t,x(:,1),t,x(:,3))

1.140 Let vs denote the velocity of the swimmer starting from rest and vc = 0.1+0.1xs
denote the velocity of the river (opposite of vs ). Then vs/c = 1.5 m/s = vs − vc
so that vs = vc + 1.5 = −0.1 − 0.01xs + 1.5 or dx dt
s
+ 0.01xs = 1.4 which can
be solved R by use of an integrating factor for xs . Here p(t) = 0.01, f (t) = 1.4,
.01dt 0.01t 0.01t
R 0.01t
λ(t) = e =e so that xs (t) = e [ e (1.4) + C0 ] = 140 + C0 e−0.01t .
Since xs (0) = 0, C0 = −140 and xs (t) = 140(1 − e−0.01t ), xs (60) = 140(1 −
e−0.6t ) = 63.2 m.

i 0 . . 14000 ∆t 0.01

v x, t 1.4 0.01. x
x0 0

x xi v xi , t . ∆t
i+1

150

100
x

i 50

0
0 50 100 150
t
i

FIGURE S1.140

69

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Matlab code is:
x(1)=0;dt=0.001,t(1)=0
for n=1:14000
x(n+1)=x(n)+(1.4-0.01*x(n))*dt
t(n+1)=t(n)+dt
end
plot(t,x)

1.141 Since xs (t) = 140(1 − e−0.6t ) from problem 1.40, the swimmer will reach 100 m
at time t that satisfies 100 = 140(1 − e−0.6t ) or t = −ℓn(1/7)
0.1
= 125 s.

1.142 Given vA (t) = ĵ m/s (constant), vB (0) = 0, aB (t) = 2[cos 30◦ î + sin 30◦ j] n/s
a constant. Also rA (0) = 0, rB (0) = −4î + ĵ m. From va (t) = 3ĵ. rA (t) =
rA (0) + 3tĵ = 3tĵ. Integration of aB (t) yields: vB (t) = vB (0) + 1.73tî + tĵ m/s
= 1.73tî + tĵ. Integrating again yields
1.73 2
rB (t) = 2
t î + 12 t2 ĵ + rB (0) = (0.866t2 − 4)î + (0.5t2 + 1)ĵ
Thus rB/A (t) = (3t + 4 − 0.866t2 )î − (0.5t2 + 1)ĵ. For this to be zero, each
component must be zero, which cannot be because the ĵ component is always
positive,
q
hence t has no real roots. The distance between the particles is |rB/A | =
(3t + 4 − 0.866t2)2 + (0.5t2 + 1)2 . The minimum can be found from
d
dt
[(3 + 4 − 0.866t2 )2 + (0.5t2 + 1)2 ] = 0
2(3t + 4 − 0.866t2 )(3 − 1.73t) + 2(0.5t2 + 1)(t) = 0
which is cubic in t and has positive solutions. Then t = 0 or rB/A = 4i = ĵ is
when the two particles are closest. As time evolves they move apart (roots
found using Mathcad).

1.143 Using y up along north and x to the right along east, the airplane has relative
speed of vA/W = 200(cos θî + sin θĵ) mph where θ is the unknown direction.
The wind velocity is vw = 50(cos 45◦ î + sin 45◦ i) = √502 î + √502 ĵ = constant. We
would like vA = 200î. From the definition then
vA = vW + vA/W = (50)[(0.707)î + (0.707ĵ)] + 200(cos θî + sin θ)ĵ
which results in the two scalar equations
vA = 35.4 + 200 cos θ
0 = 35.4 + 200 sin θ
Solving yields: θ = −10.2◦ and vA = 232.2 mph.

70

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.144 Note that the flanker travels 40 ft (20 ft/s × 2 s = 40 ft) before the quarter
back throws the ball at t = 0. Let xf (0) = 40î denote the initial position of the
quarter back. For the ball
ab = −g k̂
so that
vb = v cos θ cos β î + (−gt + v sin θ)ĵ + v cos θ sin β k̂
and
2
xb = [v cos θ cos βt + xb (0) î + [ −gt
2
+ v sin θt + yb (0)]ĵ + [v cos θ sin βt]k̂
where xb (0) = −30 ft (i.e. 30 yards behind the line of scrimmage) and yb (0) = 6
ft. For the flanker ẋf = 20î, and integrating yields
xf (t) = (20t + xf (0))î + 8ĵ + 60k̂
Setting xb = xf yields the three equations
from î: 20t + 40 = v cos θ cos βt − 30
2
from ĵ: 8 = − gt2 + v sin θt + 6
from k̂: 60 = v cos θ sin β.
Solving these three nonlinear equations in the three unknowns t, β, v for θ = 30◦
using a numerical procedure yields
v = 69.719 ft/s, β = 28.152◦ and t = 2.106.
From the expression for xf the yards gained on the play are
(20)(2.106)+40
3
= 27.375 yd

1.145 Following sample 1.28, let vs be the absolute velocity of the swimmer. With î
perpendicular to the shore and ĵ up stream, vs = v î, where v is the unknown
absolute speed of the swimmer. Let θ be the angle that vs/w (swimmer relative
to the water) so that
vs/w = 6 cos θî + 6 sin θĵ (ft/s)
vw = −5ĵ ft/s, so that
vs = vw + vs/w becomes
v î = −5ĵ + 6 cos θî + 6 sin θĵ
from î: v = 6 cos θ
from ĵ: 0 = 6 sin θ − 5
which is 2 equations in two unknowns: θ and v. Solving yields θ = 56.4◦ ,
v = 3.3 ft/s. The time to travel 200 ft is t = vd = 200
3.3
= 60.3 sec.

71

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.146 Solution:
We can form a block model of the United States as shown.

Seattle

21.80

45 0 450

1200 mi

1200 mi 600 mi 1200 mi Miami

The direct flight from Seattle to Miami would be along a path South 21.80 of East. The
wind direction for the 1200 miles was estimatedto be South 450 East, during the next 600
miles the wind direction is to the East and during the last 1200 miles, the wind is North
450 East. The wind speedis estimatedto be 50 mph.

The general relative motion equationfor any segmentof the flight is:
vP = vw + vp / w

For the first leg of the flight, thesevectors are:

[
v p = vp cos(21. 8) ˆi − sin( 21. 8) ˆj]
vw = 50[cos(45) ˆi − sin( 45) ˆj ]

vp / w = 300[cos(θ ) ˆi + sin(θ ) ˆj ]

The scalar equationsof relative motion are solved using the Given-Find function in
Mathcad:
Make an initial guess for the velocity of the plane and the bearingof the plane
vp 300
θ 10. deg
Given
v p. cos 21.8. deg 50. cos 45. deg 300. cos θ
v p. sin 21.8. deg 50. sin 45. deg 300. sin θ

72

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.147 Solution:
Seattle

21.80

1200 mi

750 mi 250 mi 500 mi 1000 mi 500 mi Miami

Wind Vel E S 85 0 E E N 30 0 E S 30 0 E

The solution will be made using the Given - Find function of Mathcad:

Leg 1.
Make an initial guess for the velocity of the plane and the bearingof the plane
vp 300
θ 10. deg
Given
v p. cos 21.8. deg 100. cos 0. deg 300. cos θ
v p. sin 21.8. deg 100. sin 0. deg 300. sin θ
390.541 0.505
Find v p , θ = = 28.934
0.505 deg
vp = 391 mph θ = -30 0

Leg 2.
Make an initial guess for the velocity of the plane and the bearingof the plane
vp 300
θ 10. deg
Given
v p. cos 21.8. deg 100. cos 85. deg 300. cos θ
v p. sin 21.8. deg 100. sin 85. deg 300. sin θ

331.502 0.078
Find v p , θ = = 4.469
0.078 deg

73

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.148 Solution:
S 10 0 W
Seattle

San Francisco 45 0 450 New York

1200 mi

1200 mi 600 mi 1200 mi Miami

The flight is now to the West against the jet stream. The flight will be divided into three
legs.

Leg 1.
Make an initial guess for the velocity of the plane and the bearingof the plane
v p 200
θ 10. deg
Given
v p. cos 10. deg 50. cos 45. deg 200. cos θ
v p. sin 10. deg 50. sin 45. deg 200. sin θ
167.082 0.032
Find v p , θ = = 1.833
0.032 deg
The velocity of the plane and the course bearingare: vp = 167 mph θ = S 2 0 W

Leg 2.
Make an initial guess for the velocity of the plane and the bearingof the plane
v p 200
θ 10. deg
Given
v p. cos 10. deg 50. cos 0. deg 200. cos θ
v p. sin 10. deg 50. sin 0. deg 200. sin θ
150.571 0.131
Find v p , θ = = 7.506
0.131 deg

74

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.149 Solution:

21.80 Chicago

1200 mi

Memphis

750 mi 250 mi 500 mi 1000 mi 500 mi

Wind Vel E S 85 0 E E N 30 0 E S 30 0 E

The desired flight path from Chicago to Memphis is assumedto be S 800 E under a 100-
mph wind N 300 E.
Make an initial guess for the velocity of the plane and the bearingof the plane
vp 300
θ 80. deg
Given
v p. cos 80. deg 100. cos 30. deg 300. cos θ
v p. sin 80. deg 100. sin 30. deg 300. sin θ
250.701 1.715
Find v p , θ = = 98.262
1.715 deg
The velocity of the plane and the course bearingare: vp = 251 mph θ = S 82 0 W

2d 40
1.150 From sample 1.29 the time to reach the opposite shore is tf = vB/w cos θ
= cos θ
sec. The expression for y(t) at y(tf ) = 500 becomes
 2 
10·cos θ 403 402
500 = 5 200 3·cos3 θ
− 2 10200
cos θ
· 2 cos2 θ
40
+ 10 sin θ cos θ

which is transendental in θ and has solution (see numerical root finder) θ = 56.43◦.

75

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.151 From sample 1.29 the angle is determined
   
(2)(2)
θ = sin−1 2vw
3vB/w
= sin (3)(10)
= 7.6◦

where vw = 2 ft/s is the velocity of the river.

1.152 From sample 1.30, the 3 equations determining vs , θ and β with vRT = 0.7
become
θ + β = 90◦
−vs cos β = −0.3 cos θ
vs sin β = 0.7 − 0.3 sin θ
Solving using Mathcad yields: θ = 24.8◦ , β = 64.3◦ and vs = 0.632 m/s.

1.153 We are given: xB = 2 sin πtî + 5tĵ,

xG = 4t cos 30◦ î + 4t sin 30◦ ĵ so that differentiation yields
vB = 2π cos πtî + 5ĵ, vG = 4 cos 30◦ î + 4 sin 30ĵ and
aB = −2π 2 sin πtî, aG = 0
From eq. 1.126, vG/B = vG − vB = (4 cos 30◦ − 2π cos πt)î + (4 sin 30◦ − 5)ĵ
and aG/B = aG − aB = 2π 2 sin πtî

76

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.154 From the previous problem:
xG/A = (4t cos 30◦ − 2 sin πt)î + (4t sin 30◦ − 5t)ĵ
so that the distance between the two as a function of time is
d(t) = |x(t)| = ((4t cos 30◦ − 2 sin πt)2 + (4t sin 30◦ − 5t)2 )1/2
which is plotted below using Mathcad:

θ 30 . deg t 0 , 0.1 .. 3

2 . sin π . t 4 . t . cos θ
xB t 5.t xG t 4 . t . sin θ
d t xB t xG t
0 0

15

10
Distance m

d t

0 1 2 3
t
Time s

FIGURE S1.154

1.155 Given xB = 2 sin πtî + 5tĵ and

 
πt
xG = 4t cos 30◦ î + 4t sin 30 sin 2
ĵ,
xB/G = (2 sin πt − 4t cos 30◦ )î + (5t − 4t sin 30◦ sin πt
2
)ĵ
vB/G = (2π cos πt − 4 cos 30◦ )î + (5 − 2πt sin 30◦ cos πt
2
− 4 sin 30◦ sin πt
2
)ĵ
aB/G = −2π 2 sin πtî + (−4π sin 30◦ cos πt
2
+ π 2 t sin30◦ sin πt
2
)ĵ

77

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.156 From xB/0 of the previous problem:
d(t) = |xB/G (t)| = [4π 4 sin2 πt + (1 − 4π sin 30◦ cos πt
2
+ πt sin 30◦ sin πt
2
)2 ]1/2
which is plotted in the figure using Mathcad.

θ 30 . deg t 0 , 0.1 .. 3

4 . t . cos θ
2 . sin π . t
π .t
xB t 5.t xG t 4 . t . sin θ . sin
2
0
0 d t xB t xG t

30

20
Distance m

d t

10

0 1 2 3
t
Time s

FIGURE S1.156
The Matlab code is:
syms t
th=pi/6;
xb=[2*sin(pi*t);5*t;0];xG=[4*t*cos(th);4*t*sin(th)*sin(pi*t/2);0];
d=sqrt(dot(xb,xG));
ezplot(d,[0,3])

78

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.157 From the given function
d
aA = dt
(vA ) = î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂ − 0.2vA
which is a vector differential equation of the form
v̇A + 0.2vA = î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂ = b
The solution of the homogeneous equation vAH = Ae−0.2t plus a particular
1
solution: vp = 0.2 (î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂) or
1
vA = Ae0.2t + 0.2
(î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k)
where A is evaluated from the listed condition vA (0) = 0 which yields
1 1
0=A+ 0.2
(î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂) or A = − 0.2 (1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂)
Then
vA = 5(1 − e−0.2t )(î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k) m/s
Integration again yields
xA − xA (0) = 5(t + 5e−0.2t − 5)(î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂)
or
xA = 5(t + 5(e−0.2t − 1))(î + 1.224ĵ − 1.224k̂)
Next consider aB = 3tî − 2 cos πtk̂ m/s. Integrating yields
3t2 2 sin πt
vB − vB (0) = 2
î − π
k̂ where vB (0) = 0
Integrating again yields
t3 2
xB − xB (0) = 2
î − π2
(1 − cos πt)k̂ where xB (0) = 0
Now form
h i
3t2
vB/A = 2
− 5(1 − e0.2t ) î − 6.12(1 − e0.2t )ĵ
h i
2
+ 6.12(1 − e−0.2t ) − π
sin πt k̂
and
h i
t3
xB/A = 2
− 5(t + 5(e−0.2t − 1)) î − [6.12(t + 5(e−0.2t − 1))] ĵ
h i
1
+ π2
(cos πt − 1) + 6.12(t + 5(e−0.2t − 1)) k̂

79

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The figure represents a numerical solution and plots of the magnitude of xB/A
in Mathcad:

i 0 .. 3000 ∆t 0.001 ti i . ∆t

vx0 0 x0 0 vy0 0 y0 0 vz0 0 z0 0

ax vx , t 1 0.2 . vx 3.t
ay vy , t 2 . 0.0612 0.2 . vy
az vz , t 0.621 . 2 0.2 . vz 2 . cos π . t

vxi 1 vxi ax vxi , ti . ∆t

xi 1 xi vxi . ∆t
vyi 1 vyi ay vyi , ti . ∆t
yi 1 yi vyi . ∆t
vzi 1 vzi az vzi , ti . ∆t
zi 1 zi vzi . ∆t

vi vxi 2 vyi 2 vzi 2 xi xi 2 yi 2 zi 2

10 10

xi 5 vi 5

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
ti ti

FIGURE S1.157
The Matlab code ode45 can be used to solve this numerically. The plots of x(t)
and r(t) can be obtained symbollically from:
sys t
x=[tˆ3/2-5*(t-5*(exp(-0.2*b)-1));6.12*(t+5*(exp((-0.2*t)-1));(1/piˆ2)*(cos(pi*t)-
1)];
Nx=SVD(x);
ezplot(Nx(3),[0,3])

80

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.158 Define d(t) = |xB/A | where xB/A is defined as derived in Problem 1.157. Using
Mathcad to plot yields figure S1.157.

1.159 Since xA starts to move 1.5s after xB , shift the time of xB ahead by 1.5s by
replacing t with t + 1.5 in the expression for xB derived in Problem 1.157. This
yields
(t+1.5)3 1
xB = 3
î − π2
(1 − cos(π(t + 1.5))k̂
Then for t ≥ 4.5s,
(t+1.5)3
h i
xB/H = 2
− 5(t + 5(e−0.2t − 1) î − 6.12 [t + 5(e0.2t − 1)] ĵ
n o
2
+ 6.12 [t + 5(e−0.2t − 1)] − π2
(1 − cos(πt + 1.5)) k̂
and for 0 < t < 1.5
(t+1.5)3 2
xB/A = 2
î − π2
(1 − cos(π(t + 1.5))k̂.

The Mathcad solution:

i 0 .. 3000 ∆t 0.001 ti i . ∆t
vx 0 0 x0 0 vy 0 0 y0 0 vz0 0 z0 0

ax vx , t 1 0.2 . vx . Φ t 1.5 3 t
ay vy , t 2 . 0.0612 0.2 . vy . Φ t 1.5
az vz , t 0.621 . 2 0.2 . vz . Φ t 1.5 2 . cos π . t

vx i 1 vx i ax vx i , ti . ∆t
xi 1 xi vx i . ∆t
vy i 1 vy i ay vy i , ti . ∆t
yi 1 yi vy i . ∆t
vzi 1 vzi az vzi , ti . ∆t
zi 1 zi vzi . ∆t

2 2 2 2 2 2
vi vx i vy i vzi xi xi yi zi

20 40

xi 10 vi 20

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
ti ti

FIGURE S1.159

81

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.160 This is similar to sample problem 1.32. Using the coordinate system suggested
in Sample 1.32, yB denotes the distance to the bracket and xA to the man. Then
xA + 2yB = ℓ
2vB = −vA or vA = −2vB
Since vB = 1 ft/s, vA = −2 ft/s (down)

1.161 Use the pulley as a reference point, and let xA be the distance from the pulley
to A and xB the distance from the pulley to B. Then
xA + xB = constant and differentiating yields
xA = −vB , and aA = −aB .

1.162 Let vc be the cable velocity: vc = 0.5 m/s. Let xT denote the distance from the
tree to the end of the truck. The length to the cable is xc + 2xT = ℓ so that
vc = −2vT or vT = − 21 vc = −0.25 m/s (right)

1.163 Let xA be the distance for the pulley to the man at A, xp be the distance
between the top pulley and the bottom pulley. Let xB be the distance from the
top pulley to B and let the bracket for the bottom pulley be a height of c. Then
xA + 2xp + xB − c, but xp = (xB − c)
so that xA + 3xB =constant and vA = −3vB
with xB , xA pointed down, B traveling upwards yields
vB = −10 ft/s and vA = −3 · (−10) = 30 ft/s (down)

1.164 Let xA denote the distance from the top of the pulley to block A, yB denote the
distance from the top of the pulley down to the pulley holding B and y denote
the distance from the top of the pulley down to mass c (down position, to the
right position). Then the length of the rope is
yc + 2yB + xA = constant
differentiation yields
vA + 2vB + vC = 0
or
vc = −2vB − 3 m/s and ac = −2aA − 1 m/s

82

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.165 Let h be the hypothesis of the triangle. Then from the right triangle

h2 = 152 + x2 (1)

for any value of x. Also from length of rope

ℓ = h + (15 − y) = 30 (2)

Solve this for

h = y + 15 (3)
Now substitute (3) into (1) to get:

(15 + a)2 = 152 + x2 (4)

for any x and y. Taking a time derivative yields

2(15 + y)ẏ = 2xẋ

Solving for ẏ yields

xẋ
ẏ =
15 + y
At y = 10
(15)2 = 152 + x2 or, x = 20 m
  
Then ẏ = 20
25
0.5 m/s2 = 0.4 m/s, at y = 10 m.

1.166 Let xA extend from the fixed pulley above B to the left of pulley B to mass A
and let yB extend (positive) from the same pulley down to the mass at B. Let
d be the distance between the two fixed pulleys. Then the length of the rope is
ℓ = 2yB + xA + (xA − d) + (xA − d)
or
const. = 2yB + 3xA .
Differentiate to get:
−3
ẏB = ẋ
2 A
and ÿB = − 23 ẍA .

1.167 Use the top fixed pulleys as a reference and let xA denote the distance to mass
A, xB the distance to mass B, xc the distance to mass C and denote xp the
distance to tohe pulley that is free to move. All distances are vertical with
positive downward. There are two separate ropes. Let ℓ1 denote the from A to
the movable pulley so that

ℓ1 = xA + xB + (xB − xp ) (1)

83

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 Let ℓ2 denote the length of the rope from mass C up to ground so that

ℓ2 = xc + 2xp (2)

Differentiation of (2) yields vp = −vc /2 which is substituted into the derivative

of (1) to yield
4vB + vc = −2vA m/s

1.168 Let the top pulley be the fixed frame of reference, and x denote the distance
from the reference down (t) to the mass, and let xm be the distance from the
reference down (t) to a point on the rope connecting to the motor. Them
ℓ = xm + 2x
and differentiation yields that
v = 12 vm
1
From section 1.7 vm = rw = (0.2)(9.55 rad/s = 1.91 m/s and v = v
2 m
=
0.955 m/s

1.169 Let yB denote the distance from the pulley to the mass at A (+ down), let xB
denote the distance from the pulley to the collar along the shaft. The length of
the rope is ℓ = da + yB . From the right triangle madeqby “d”, the bar the collar
2
rides on, and the rope: ℓ1 . Thus ℓ = d + yB = yB + d2 + x2B . Differentiating
yields 0 = ẏB + 12 √2xB2 ẋB2 .
d +xB

1.170 Pick a fixed point to left of block A as the reference and define xA and xc
(both positive to the right) as the distance from the reference to block A and C
respectively. Then define yc to be the distance down from the first pulley to B.
The length of the rope ℓ is then ℓ = xA + xc + 2yB anad differentiation yields
vA = −vc − 2vB .

1.171 Solution:
ds ds2
dt
= 20 m/s = constant so s = 20t and dt2
=0
s
θ(s) = 4 sin( 2000 ) so that θ(t) = 4 sin(0.5t)
From equation 1.147 with x0 = y0 = 0
Rs Rs
x(s) = 0 cos(θ(η))dη y(s) = 0 sin θ(η)dη

84

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 The Mathcad solution:

s 0 , 10 .. 6000 s
θ s 4 . sin
2000

s
s
x s cos θ u du
0 y s sin θ u du
0

2 d
an s 20 . θ s
ds

Road as viewed from above

2000

1000
y s
km

4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1000

1000

x s
km

1
normal acceleration m/s^2

an s 0.5

0 2000 4000 6000

s
distance along road in km

FIGURE S1.171
 2    
ds dθ(s) 4 s s
From (1.146): an = dt ds
= (20)2 200 cos 200
= 800 cos 200

y(s) and |an (s)| are plotted in the figure.

√
1.172 We are given that a(s) = 5 so that integrating vdv = 5ds yields v(s) = 10s
s2 dθ 2s
for zero initial condition. Also sinceqθ = 1 + 2000 2 , ds = 10002 . But an (s) =
q
v(s)2 dθ
ds
2s
= (10s)( 2000 2 ). Thus |a| = a2n + a2t = 2s
(10s)2 ( 2000 2
2 ) + 25. When

|a| = 8 the car spins out so that s must satisfy

2s
82 = (10s)2 ( 2000 2
2 ) + 25.
√
39(2000)2
Solving for s yields: s2 = 20
or s = 1, 118 m.

85

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.173 The given constant speed means that dsdt
m
= 60 hour hour 5280 ft
· 3600s m
= 88 ft/s. To
determine the normal acceleration from equation (1.146) we need to calculate 
d s
(ds/dt)2 = 882 and dθ/ds. From the given value of θ: ds 2000
+ e−5/1000
=
h i h i
1
2000
1
− 1000 e−s/1000 Thus an = 882
1000
0.5 − e−s/1000 = 7.744 1
2
− e−s/1000 ft/s2 .
The Mathcad solution:
v 88 s 0 , 10 .. 5000
s
s 1000 2 d
θ s e an s v . θ s
2000 ds

Magnitude of Normal Acceleration

4
ft/s^2

an s
2

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

s
distance traveled in f

FIGURE S1.173

1.174 This requires the use of the 3-D formulation of equation 1.150. The component
of a normal to the above can be found by taking the dot product of the accel-
eration with the unit normal vector. To define the unit normal vector can be
found from an = a = at = a − a · t. First we need dθ ds
and dβ
ds
. From the given
dθ 1 dβ π 2 πs
−s/1000
form: ds = 1000 (0.5 − e ), ds = 5000 cos 5000 . The Mathcad solution:
v 88 s 0 , 10 .. 5000
s π.s
s 1000 β s π . sin
θ s e 5000
2000

2 2
2 d . cos β s 2 d
an s v . θ s β s
ds ds
normal acceleration in ft/s^2

20

an s 10

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

s
distance traveled in f

FIGURE S1.174

86

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.175 Solution:

s π .s
v 88 s 0 , 10 .. 5000 s 1000 β s π . sin
θ s e 5000
2000
v s 2 . 1.5 . s

2 2
d d
an s v s 2. θ s . cos β s 2
β s
ds ds
normal acceleration in ft/s^2

40

an s 20

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

s
distance traveled in ft

FIGURE S1.175

1.176 Solution:

s π .s
v 88 s 0 , 10 .. 5000 s 1000 β s π . sin
θ s e 5000
2000

1
ρ s
2 2
d . cos β s 2 d
θ s β s
ds ds

3000
radius of curvature in ft

2000
ρ s
1000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

s
distance traveled in ft

FIGURE S1.176

87

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little

 1.177 Solution:

s 0 , 1 .. 50 s
θ s π π .s
100 β s . sin
2 25
v 10

2 2
2 d 2 d
an s v . θ s . cos β s β s
d s ds
normal acceleration in m/s^2

20

an s 10

0 10 20 30 40 50
s
distance traveled in m

FIGURE S1.177

1.178 Solution:

s 0 , 1 .. 100 s π π .s
θ s
100 β s . sin
2 25
π .s
v s 10 5 . cos
25

2 2
2. d 2 d d
an s v s θ s . cos β s β s at s v s .v s
ds ds ds

a s at s 2 an s 2

60
total acceleration in m/s^2

40
a s
20

0 20 40 60 80 100
s
distance traveled in m

FIGURE S1.178

88

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Engineering-Mechanics-Dynamics-1st-Edition-by-Soutas-Little