Unit 8  Hopes and ambitions

8a Fulfilling your dreams Grammar second, third,

and mixed conditionals
6 He left college and became a ski instructor, and
now he’s very happy with his life.
If he and ,
Vocabulary goals and ambitions 3 62 Listen to the speakers again. Circle the maybe he
correct option (a–c) to complete each statement. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of with his life.
1 Complete the sentences about goals and the verbs in parentheses. Use second, third, and
1 Rhea’s achievements include:
ambitions. Use nouns and verbs. The first letter mixed conditionals.
a raising children. 7 Pronunciation contracted or weak forms
is provided.
b running a company. 1 If Rhea (feel) that working
1 They’re trying to raise money for charity. Their c building her own home. in insurance was a more meaningful job, she 63 Listen to these sentences. Are the
t  is $5,000. (keep) on doing that job. underlined verbs pronounced as weak forms (W)
2 The aim of the volunteer program in Rwanda or are they contracted (C)? Write W or C. Then
2 I hope your dreams c  true one day. was to teach children using: 2 If Rhea’s friend (not / listen again and repeat.
3 It’s natural to try to l  up to your a acting and drama. tell) her about the volunteer program, she
parents’ expectations, but it isn’t always easy. b useful work tasks. (not / be) a teacher trainer 1 If he asked me, I would certainly offer to help
c games and play. now. him.
4 I’m sorry, but what exactly is the a 
of this exercise? I don’t see the point. 2 It would have been easier if you had been
3 Rhea says that before she arrived at the 3 If Cleveland (be)
there.
5 Matt says that I don’t h  any ambition, school in Rwanda, the children: an expensive city to live in, Sasha
but it’s just that I don’t know yet what I want to do. a didn’t learn much. (not / move) there. 3 If I had known, I would have told you.
6 It took her twenty years, but she finally has b didn’t move about much. 4 If he was more thoughtful, he would have
4 If Sasha and her friends
a  her goal of becoming an author. c didn’t pay much attention to the teacher. remembered your birthday.
(not / find) the old warehouse, they
4 When she left college, Sasha thought that art (not / set) up a gallery. 5 If the meeting were an hour earlier, I would be
able to come.
Listening ambitions would probably be: 5 If the gallery (not / have)
a her career. good reviews, it
2 62 Listen to two people talking about their b something she did in her free time. (not / receive) so many visitors now. Word focus make and do
ambitions. Complete the chart. c her whole life.
6 Rewrite the sentences so they have a similar 8 Look at these three expressions used by Sasha
Speaker Their ambition What they were doing 5 She moved to Cleveland because: when she described her ambition. Circle the
a that’s where her friends were. meaning. Use second, third, and mixed
before
conditionals. correct option to complete the expressions.
b it was the center of the art world.
1 Rhea c it wasn’t so expensive to live there. 1 She’s not an ambitious person. She didn’t apply 1 I already knew it would be difficult to do /
for the job of director. make a living from my art.
6 In Sasha’s gallery, they have shown:
If she , she 2 My ambition was to do / make something in
a their own work.
2 Sasha . the art world.
b only local artists’ work.
c some well-known artists’ work. 2 I met my wife, who is German, and now I am 3 I still had to do / make odd jobs like working
living in Germany. as a waiter.
4 Circle the correct definition (a or b) of the words If I ,I
in bold. 9 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of
now. make or do.
1 I wanted to help people in a more 3 I am not a risk-taker. I am not going to invest
meaningful way. 1 Before you a decision about
my own money in the business. the career you want, I think you should
a    significant b    wanting to do good If I ,I some research about job
2 I was very fortunate. . opportunities.
a    happy b    lucky 4 She didn’t receive much encouragement. She 2 Thanks for the translation work
3 I have found my calling. gave up her plan to become a pilot. that I gave you, but I think you’ve
a the job that was right for me If she , she a couple of small mistakes.
b a job I was good at . 3 I’ve a list of all the things I’d like
4 I had the idea of setting up a gallery. 5 I didn’t say anything about the situation, to when I’m in London.
a    building b    establishing because I am not worried about it. 4 I don’t know how he thinks that sitting
If I , around all day and nothing will
5 It just took off from there.
I . a difference!
a    became famous b    became successful

60 Unit 8  Hopes and ambitions 61

 8b Wish lists 3 Find words or expressions in the blog on page 62 5 No one ever listens to my ideas. I wish people
that mean the following. (take) me more seriously.
1 something left for the benefit of future 6 I wish the people next door
generations (paragraph 1) (turn) down that music. I can’t concentrate.
Reading the forget-it list 3 Goddard was not able to fulfill
all of his wishes.
T F N

6 Pronunciation /s/, /ʃ/, and /tʃ/
1 Read the blog. Circle the statement (a–c) that best 4 The author’s neighbor had a T F N 2 moving too fast to take advantage of
summarizes why the author is against making big party to celebrate her (paragraph 1) 64 Listen to six words. Circle the word you
wish lists. 30th birthday. hear.
a It is a selfish thing to do. 5 The author thinks that we T F N 3 a (often poor or false) reason for an action 1 mass mash match
choose some things to put (paragraph 2) 2 sip ship chip
b It won’t make you happy.
on our wish lists because it
c It is unrealistic. 3 Sue shoe chew
will win the respect of people 4 another or different (paragraph 3)
4 Swiss swish switch
2 Read the blog again. Are the sentences true (T) or we know.
false (F)? Or is there not enough information (N) to 5 improbable (paragraph 3) 5 sock shock chock
6 The author can’t afford to take T F N
say if the statements are true or false? a year off to travel. 6 bass bash batch
1 John Goddard made his list T F N 7 The author thinks that he T F N
7 Dictation bucket lists
because he was frightened of dying. could manage to trek across Grammar wish and if only
2 Goddard’s list was full of T F N the Himalayas. 65 Listen and complete this opinion of bucket
4 Circle the correct verb form to complete these lists with the words you hear.
things that were difficult to achieve.
wishes.
I am very suspicious of bucket lists now.
1 I wish people stopped / would stop making

The forget-it list

bucket lists. They ,
2 I wish I can / could take a year off from my work but ,
to do the things I want to do.
they have .
3 I wish I traveled / had traveled more when I was
In 1940, a fifteen-year-old American boy decided younger. In bookstores,
to make a list of everything he wanted to do 4 If only I were / would be more satisfied with 100 Places
in his life. John Goddard, who later became an what I have, then I wouldn’t need to write a
anthropologist, wrote down 127 goals, most of wish list. or 100 .
them very ambitious. They included climbing the And if your
5 I wrote a bucket list some years ago, but I wish
world’s highest mountains, flying a jet, running
I didn’t / hadn’t. tiger, there are even
a mile in five minutes, reading the whole
Encyclopedia Britannica, mastering surfing, and 6 I want to go on a cruise, but my husband says
where they .
visiting the moon. Amazingly, he managed to they are boring. I wish he changed / would change
do most of them and add several more before his mind.
he died in 2013. He left behind a book about his 7 I bet a lot of people wish John Goddard
adventures, but he also left another legacy—the didn’t start / hadn’t started this trend.
“bucket list.” This idea (a list of the things you 8 My friend said something very funny
want to do before you die) was made popular by yesterday. She said, “I wish I didn’t have /
the 2007 movie The Bucket List. Now everyone, wouldn’t have so many regrets.”
it seems, has a bucket list, from Bill Clinton to So I’ve come up with an alternative idea: the
my neighbor who’s just celebrated her thirtieth “forget-it list.” This is a list of all the wishes
5 Complete these wishes. Use the correct form of the
birthday and feels that life is passing her by. you have that are unlikely to come true and all
verbs in parentheses.
I have some issues with this. First, why do you the things that you might think will make you 1 Oh, no! We’re going to be late. I wish
need the excuse of dying to have wishes about happier or more fulfilled, but may not be so we (leave) earlier.
what you want to achieve? We’re all going to wonderful after all. For example, I wish I was a 2 I wish you (stop)
die at some point. Second, it becomes rather professional musician. Forget it—I have a good complaining about the weather.
competitive. Are these really the things that you job and great colleagues. I wish I could spend a
3 I really want to know how Olivia did at her
want to do (for example, become an expert salsa year traveling around South America. Forget it—I
interview. If only I (have)
dancer), or are they the things that you would have a family to support—a family I love being
her number, then I could call her.
like other people to be impressed by? And finally, with, by the way. I wish I could trek across the
Himalayas. Forget it—even though it must be 4 What would I change about my appearance?
what happens if you fail to achieve some of your
beautiful, it would probably break me physically. Well, I wish I (be) a few
goals? You will probably be more full of regret
What I’m trying to say, in short, is: want what you centimeters taller, for a start.
than if you had not made a list in the first place.
have, and stop wanting what you don’t have.

62 Unit 8  Hopes and ambitions 63

 8c A cause for hope? 8d Choices
Listening conservation stories Real life discussing preferences
1 66 Listen to three people talking about 1 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–6) with
conservation projects and complete the chart. the endings (a–f) to make complete sentences.

What needs to be Has the conservation

1 I prefer walking     a   than cycle.
protected? work been successful? 2 I’d rather walk     b  walked.
3 I like walking     c   if we walked.
1 The mangrove
4 I’d rather we     d  to cycling.
in
5 I’d rather     e   not cycle.
2 The West African 6 I think it would f     more than cycling.
be better    
3 The black poplar Cancún West Africa Poplar tree
in 2 67 Listen to a conversation between friends
who are trying to organize a friend’s birthday
2 66 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T), 4 Find words and expressions in Exercise 3 that have party. Check (✓) the tasks they mention.
false (F), or is there not enough information (N)? these meanings.
buying drinks
1 Every inhabitant of Cancún T F N 1 very typical: decorating the tent
misses the beautiful 2 an area of land with lots of trees: 5 I and get the sound
doing shopping system. (rather)
mangrove forest.
renting a sound system 6 I the decorations
2 Pollution has badly damaged T F N 3 placed under the ground:
the coral reef along the preparing food anyway. (prefer)
4 you can buy it:
Cancún coast. setting tables
3 In West Africa, conservationists T F N 5 decaying or going bad: 5 Pronunciation do you, would you
needed to find out where the 3 67 Complete the sentences. Then listen to the
giraffe went for food. Vocabulary strong feelings conversation again and check your answers. 68 Listen and complete the sentences.
4 Farmers were killing the T F N 1 I’d any cooking. 1 a full meal or just
giraffes who fed on their land. 5 Rewrite the text about the black poplar tree. something light?
Replace the words in bold with a more emotive 2 But if you something
5 People associate the word T F N else, there are plenty of other things. 2 to take a short break?
“conservation” with work word from the box.
3 I don’t with the 3 we went to the
in developing countries. movie another night?
deprived exploit giant decorations.
6 The decrease in the numbers T F N most threatened overdeveloped rescue 4 I could, but I’d rather 4 Osaka more than
of black poplar trees has been wonderful that. Tokyo?
quite sudden.
If you mention the term “conservation efforts,” 5 It if I went to get the
3 66 Complete the sentences using these words. sound system.
6 Listen and respond talking about
people often think of attempts to 1 save endangered preferences
Then listen again and check. animals, or to protect 2 poor communities from 6 OK, and I the
classic heroic rarest
3
big corporate organizations that are trying to 4 use decorations anyway, so that’s perfect. 69 Listen to someone asking you about your
rotting sale small their land. But in fact, many conservation efforts are preferences. Respond to each question in your
small in scale, and many have 5 positive outcomes.
4 Complete the sentences so they express the same own words. Answer in full sentences and give
1 Today, that forest is buried and ideas as the sentences in Exercise 3. Use the word
The black poplar tree is one of Britain’s 6 rarest reasons. Then compare your response with the
underneath 500 hotels. in parentheses.
species of tree, and its numbers have been declining model answer that follows.
2 This place is a example of how for decades. That’s because much of its natural 1 If I had the choice, I
not to build a tourist resort. habitat—the floodplain—has been 7 built on with any cooking. (prefer) 1
3 Nature is for here. new housing. I’m going to ask you to
2 But if you something
explain your preferences for
4 A effort on the part of 1 5 else, there are plenty of other things. (rather)
certain things. Ready? Here
conservationists has saved the giraffe. 3 I’d with the
2 6 we go: bath or shower?
5 But in fact, many conservation efforts are decorations. (happy)
in scale. 3 7
4 I could, but it if
6 The black poplar is one of Britain’s 4 I prefer having a shower.
someone else did that. (better)
species of tree. It’s quicker and more
refreshing.

64 Unit 8  Hopes and ambitions 65

 8e A wish for change Wordbuilding noun suffixes 1 Globalization helps people in rich countries.
2 They can have goods out of season.
1 Write the name of the person who does each of 3 But to be honest, I don’t need flowers
Writing an online comment 2 Writing skill giving vivid examples these jobs. Use the correct noun suffix. imported from Africa in December.
1 Read the online comment below. Answer the a Look at the online comment again. Answer the 1 Someone who sells flowers or makes flower
questions. arrangements is a . 5 72 Read these steps (1–5) for improving your
questions.
listening skills. Listen again to the third speaker
1 What examples support the writer’s argument? 2 Someone who translates documents from one
1 What is the subject of the blog post the writer is from 8c, Exercise 1 and follow the steps.
language to another is a .
responding to?
3 Someone who works in the banking sector is 1 Write down the words you hear.
a . 2 Read your transcript. Does it make
2 What example(s) show that there are exceptions 4 Someone who specializes in preparing grammatical sense?
to his argument? medicines in a pharmacy is a 3 Compare your transcript with the audioscript.
2 Does he agree with the writer of the blog? . 4 Note the words and sounds that have the
Why or why not? 5 Someone who looks after the books in a strongest stress.
library is a . 5 Note which words are clearly linked. This
6 Someone who prepares the accounts for a will help you to distinguish them the next
b Look at this excerpt from another comment posted company is an .
about the same article. Add examples (1–5) to time you hear them.
complete the comment. 7 Someone who specializes in IT problems is a
. Check!
8 Someone who does surgical operations on
Sean Thompson (Communications specialist) Great post. I couldn’t agree with you more. people in a hospital is a . 6 Complete the crossword. All the answers are in
Thanks for your interesting blog post and for People are so inconsiderate in how they use their Unit 8 of the Student Book.
9 Someone who consults with people about their
drawing attention to this topical issue. I am sure a phones these days: in 1 , finances is a financial . 1
lot of people will agree with you that people who 2
, and especially on 10 Someone who does optical tests and makes 2 3
speak loudly on their phones in public places 3
 . And they always talk glasses is an . 4
should know better. But I am not convinced that about the most boring things like
it represents “anti-social behavior.” 4
and 2 Circle the general name for a person (male 5

5
  . As if they think the or female) with these jobs.
I was brought up in Brooklyn in New York,
rest of us are interested! 1 someone who sells things: a salesman / 6 7 8
where people live close together, and it wasn’t
a sales officer / a salesperson
unusual to overhear other people’s conversations: 9

2 someone who works for the police:

discussions, family arguments, jokes. Often it Word focus better a police operator / a police officer / a police person
10

was just their everyday business that you heard:

a call to someone to get up, a reminder to buy 3 Underline the phrase with better that the writer 3 someone who works for the fire department:
11
uses in the comment in Exercise 1. What does the a firefighter / a fire manager / a fire person
something from the store, asking someone to get
out of the bathroom. But I don’t see this as anti- phrase mean (a, b, or c)? 4 someone who acts: an actor / an actress /
an acting agent Across
social; it’s social behavior. Knowing each other’s a have enough sense not to do something
b improve on the effort of another person 5 someone who helps passengers on a plane: 2 and 6 form the nickname for a woman who
business helps there to be openness between worked as a “computer” at NASA in the 1950s
neighbors. Actually, I think it encourages people c be more useful or desirable a flight agent / a flight operator / a flight attendant
5 an animal only found in Madagascar
to talk to each other more. 4 Complete the sentences using these phrases with
Of course, some people speak loudly on their better. Learning skills improving your 7 Complete this sentence: If I hadn’t missed the
bus, I would have on time.
phones just to show off. I was on the subway listening 9 Complete this sentence: I prefer tea
be better be better off know better
recently where a man was loudly discussing coffee.
3 70 A key to understanding fast native speech
a business deal. As if he thought he hadn’t is to understand stress and linking in English 10 another expression for “I wish”
1 I’ll be in a meeting from 3:00 to 5:00 p.m., so
impressed the rest of us enough, halfway through it would to send me a text pronunciation. Listen to this sentence and note 11 the superpower most explorers wished they
the conversation he switched from English into message. the stress and linking in it. had was to be
Chinese! But to have laws against speaking 2 He’s always calling me when I’m busy at work. 1 Stress: Sorry I just don’t accept that.
loudly in public, as you suggest, is not the Down
He should . 2 Linking: Sorry I just don’t accept that.
answer. 1 another word for an aim
3 I think we would all if the
4 71 Look at these sentences. Underline the 3 an aim that is usually an amount or a number
cell phone had never been invented!
stressed syllables and indicate where the sounds 4 what you want to achieve (often in your career)
are linked. Then listen and check.
8 If you create a sound, you “make a
”

66 67