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Introduction To Concrete

Concrete is a composite material made of cement, aggregate and water. It has been used widely in construction for thousands of years, dating back to ancient Roman times. The lecture defines concrete and its main components, including cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. It also covers the history and development of concrete over time. Additionally, the lecture classifies concrete according to its binding material, design, and purpose. Reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete are discussed as design classifications.

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Usama Ali
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60 views

Introduction To Concrete

Concrete is a composite material made of cement, aggregate and water. It has been used widely in construction for thousands of years, dating back to ancient Roman times. The lecture defines concrete and its main components, including cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. It also covers the history and development of concrete over time. Additionally, the lecture classifies concrete according to its binding material, design, and purpose. Reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete are discussed as design classifications.

Uploaded by

Usama Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1:

Introduction to concrete
Engr.Hamza Mustafa
Contents
 What is concrete?
 History
 Components
 Properties
 Classification
What is Concrete?
 Concrete is a composite construction material
composed primarily of aggregate, cement and water
History
 The word concrete comes from the Latin
word "concretus" (meaning compact or
condensed)

 During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete was


made from quicklime, pozzolana and an aggregate
of pumice.

 An analysis of mortar from the Great Pyramid


showed that it contained 81.5 per cent calcium
sulphate and only 9.5 per cent carbonate.
History (Cont’d)
In Serbia, remains of a hut dating from Cementing material, used in the
5600 BC have been found, with a floor construction of the cities of Harappa
made of red lime, sand, and gravel. and Mohenjadaro. (3300–1300 BC)
(3000BC)
History (Cont’d)
The multiple arches of the Pont du
Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome is an
Gard, in Roman Gaul. Its lower tiers
example of Roman concrete
carry a road across the river, and the
construction. 126AD
upper tiers support an aqueduct conduit
that carried water to Nimes (300AD)
History (Cont’d)
 The first recorded fact points to the year 1756 when John
Smeaton, an engineer made the present day concrete by
mixing coarse aggregate (pebbles) and powered brick and
mixed it with cement.

 In 1793, he built the Eddystone Lighthouse in Cornwall,


England with the use of hydraulic cement.

 Another major development took place in the year 1824.


An English inventor Joseph Aspdin invented Portland
cement. He made cement by burning grounded chalk and
finely crushed clay in a limekiln till the carbon dioxide
evaporated, resulting in strong cement.
History (Cont’d)
 There has been no looking back for concrete since its
modern development. Known as the strongest building
material,concrete has found major uses in dams,highways,
buildings and many different kinds of building and
construction.

 As of 2006, about seven billion cubic meters of concrete


are made each year, more than one cubic meter for every
person on Earth. Concrete powers a $US 35-billion
industry which employs more than two million workers in
the United States alone. More than 55,000 miles of
highways in America are paved with this material.
History (Cont’d)

 The People's Republic of China currently consumes 40% of


the world's cement/concrete production.
Components of Concrete
 Cement

 Aggregates
Fine Aggregates
Coarse Aggregates

 Water
Cement
Fine Aggregates
Coarse Aggregates
Properties
 Versatile
 Pliable when mixed
 Strong & Durable
 Does not Rust or Rot
 Does Not Need a Coating
 Resists Fire
Classification of concrete
 Classification according to binding material
 Classification according to design
 Classification according to purpose
Classification according to binding material
1.Cement Concrete: In this type, cement is used as a
binding material, sand as fine aggregates and gravel,
crushed stones as coarse aggregates. In cement
concrete useful proportions of its ingredients are
1 part cement:1-8 part sand:2-16 parts coarse aggregates.

2.Lime Concrete: In this type of concrete hydraulic


lime is generally used as a binding material, sand and
cinder are used as fine aggregates and broken
bricks, gravel can be used as coarse aggregates
Classification according to design
1.Plain Cement Concrete: The cement concrete in which
no reinforcement is provided is called plain cement concrete
.This type of concrete is strong in taking compressive
stresses but weak in taking tensile stresses. Commonly used
for foundation work and flooring of buildings
2. Reinforced Cement Concrete: The cement
concrete in which reinforcement is embedded for taking
tensile stress is called reinforced cement concrete. RCC is
commonly used for construction of slabs, beams and
columns, Usual proportions of ingredients in a reinforced
concrete are 1part of cement:1-2parts of sand:2-4parts of
crushed stones or gravel.
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)
Classification according to design (Cont’d)
3.Pre-Stressed Cement Concrete: The cement
concrete in which high compressive stresses are
artificially induced before their actual use is called pre-
stresses cement concrete.
in this type of cement concrete, the high compressive
stresses are induced by pre-tensioning the reinforcement
before placing the concrete, and the reinforcement is
released when final setting of the concrete take place.This
concrete can take up high tensile and compressive
stresses without development of cracks. The quantity of
reinforcement can be considerably reduced by using this
concrete
PRE-STRESSED CEMENT CONCRETE
(PCC)
PRE-STRESSED CEMENT CONCRETE
(PCC)
PRE-STRESSED CEMENT CONCRETE
(PCC)
Classification according to purpose
1. Normal concrete
2. High Performance Concrete
3. High Density Concrete
4. Fiber Reinforced Concrete
5. Air Entrained Concrete
6. Light Weight Concrete
7. Self Compacting Concrete
8. Shotcrete
9. Pervious Concrete
10.Roller Compacted Concrete
THANK YOU

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