EE 558: Homework #6

Solutions

1. (a) The graph of s1 (t) − s2 (t) is shown below in figure 1.

2 s1(t) − s2(t)

0 T

Figure 1: s1 (t) − s2 (t) in problem 1.

(b) The energy Ed is obtained as

Z ∞
Ed = [s1 (t) − s2 (t)]2 dt
−∞
Z T
= (2)2 dt
0
Z T
= 4 dt
0
= 4T.
q  q  q 
(c) PB = Q Ed
2N0
=Q 4T
2∗2∗10−3
=Q T
10−3
since it is given
in the problem that N0
2
= 10 .−3

(d) It is required that Pq

B ≤ 0.0013. If Q(x) ≤ 0.0013, from table B.1,

x ≥ 3.0. Here, x = T
10−3
. So,
r
T
≥ 3
10−3
T
≥ 9
10−3
T ≥ 9 × 10−3 .

1
 So, the minimum value of T is 9 ms.
(e) Since it takes T = 9 × 10−3 seconds to transmit one bit, we can
1
transmit a maximum of bits every second. So, the data rate is
T
about R = 111 bits per second.
2. (a) The graph of s1 (t) − s2 (t) is shown below in figure 2.

s1(t) − s2(t)
2A

0 1

Figure 2: s1 (t) − s2 (t) in problem 2.

(b) The energy Ed is obtained as

Z ∞
Ed = [s1 (t) − s2 (t)]2 dt
−∞
Z 1
= (2A)2 dt
Z0 1
= 4A2 dt
0
= 4A2 .
q  q  q 
(c) PB = Q Ed
2N0
= Q 4A2
2∗2∗10−3
= Q A2
10−3
since it is
given in the problem that N0
2
= 10−3 .
(d) It is required that Pq
B ≤ 0.0013. If Q(x) ≤ 0.0013, from table B.1,

x ≥ 3.0. Here, x = A2
10−3
. So,
r
A2
≥ 3
10−3
A2
≥ 9
10−3
A2 ≥ 9 × 10−3
A ≥ 9.6 × 10−2 .

2
 So, the minimum value of A is 9.6 × 10−2 Volts.
(e) The average power of the transmitter is defined as Power = Eb /T .
The minimum transmitter power is therefore

1 T 2
Z
Power = s (t) dt since E1 = E2 = Eb here
T 0 i
1 1 2
Z
= A dt
1 0
= A2
= 9 × 10−3 .

So, the minimum transmitter power is 9 mW.

3. (a) The energy E1 in the signal s1 (t) is determined as:

Z ∞
E1 = s21 (t) dt
Z−∞
∞
= (2ψ1 (t) + 3ψ2 (t))2 dt
Z−∞
∞
= (4ψ12 (t) + 9ψ22 (t) + 12ψ1 (t)ψ2 (t)) dt
Z−∞
∞ Z ∞ Z ∞
= 4ψ1 (t) dt +
2
9ψ2 (t) dt +
2
12ψ1 (t)ψ2 (t) dt
−∞ −∞ −∞
= 4+9+0
= 13.

Similarly, it can be shown that E2 = 13. The average energy Eb

per bit is hence also equal to 13.
(b) The difference signal s1 (t) − s2 (t) = ψ2 (t) − ψ1 (t). The energy Ed

3
 in the difference signal is obtained as:
Z ∞
E1 = (s1 (t) − s2 (t))2 dt
Z−∞
∞
= (ψ2 (t) − ψ1 (t))2 dt
Z−∞
∞
= (ψ12 (t) + ψ22 (t) − 2ψ1 (t)ψ2 (t)) dt
Z−∞
∞ Z ∞ Z ∞
= ψ1 (t) dt +
2
ψ2 (t) dt −
2
2ψ1 (t)ψ2 (t) dt
−∞ −∞ −∞
= 1+1−0
= 2.

(c) The average error probability PB with a matched filter is

!
Ed
r
PB = Q
2N0
1
r 
= Q .
N0

4. (a) A graph of H(f ) is shown below in figure 3. Note that T = 1

Rs
=

−15 −10 −5 5 10 15

Figure 3: H(f ) in problem 4.

0.05. So, 2T
1
= 10. Further it is given that the bandwidth is
W = 15 Hz. So, T1 − W = 5 Hz. Also, W0 = 2T
1
= 10 Hz.
(b) Roll off factor is W −W0
W0
= 15−10
10
= 0.5.

4
5. (a) The bit rate R is 9600. The modulation type is 8-PAM. The
number of bits per symbol is therefore k = log2 8 = 3. The symbol
rate is therefore
R
Rs =
k
9600
=
3
= 3200 symbols/s.

(b) The system bandwidth is given to be W = 2.4 kHz. Since we have

1
W = (1 + r)Rs ,
2
we get the roll-off factor r = 0.5.

6. The signals s1 (T − t), s2 (T − t), and the matched filter h(t) = s1 (T −

t) − s2 (T − t) are shown in figure 4.

1 1
s1(T − t) s2(T − t)

0 T 0 T

1
h(t)
0
T

−1

Figure 4: h(t) in problem 7.