Capstone Project II

CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT

on

“Functional Aspect of Management: A study with special reference

to NTPC Ltd.”

Submitted to
ASIAN BUSINESS SCHOOL, NOIDA
in partial fulfilment for the award of full time

Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM)

Approved by AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India

BATCH: 2019-21

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Supriya Srivastava GROUP NO. : G19
(FACULTY GUIDE) ROLL NO: ABS/PGDM/19/103
ASIAN BUSINESS SCHOOL to
ABS/PGDM/19/108

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 ASIAN BUSINESS SCHOOL
PLOT A-2, SECTOR 125, NOIDA - 201303

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the capstone project report titled “Functional Aspect of Management: A study

with special reference to NTPC Ltd.” is submitted to Asian Business School, in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the award of the Post Graduate Diploma in Management, and is an original

work by Riya Jain (ABS/PGDM/19/103), Shailja Pachauri (ABS/PGDM/19/105), Saloni Agarwal

(ABS/PGDM/19/106) and Sanskriti Malviya (ABS/PGDM/19/108). The project has been done

under my supervision & guidance and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any

degree / diploma or other similar title to any candidate.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Internal Examiner (Project Guide) External Examiner (Viva expert)

ii
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project titled “Functional Aspect of Management: A study with special

reference to NTPC Ltd.” is an original piece of research work carried out by me under the guidance

and supervision of Dr. Supriya Srivastava. The information has been collected from genuine &

authentic sources. The work has been submitted in partial fulfilment of Post Graduate Diploma in

Management of Asian Business School.

MEMBERS OF GROUP

Enrolment No. Name of Student Signature

ABS/PGDM/19/103 Riya Jain

ABS/PGDM/19/105 Shailja Pachauri

ABS/PGDM/19/106 Saloni Agarwal

ABS/PGDM/19/108 Sanskriti Malviya

iii
Index
1. SWOT Analysis 1

2. Marketing strategies 4

3. Ratio Analysis 8

4. HR Practices 11

5. Entrepreneurial Journey 16

6. Caselet 18

7. Research 20

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SWOT ANALYSIS OF NTPC LTD
1. STRENGTH

 NTPC limited has a very friendly work environment for their employees. It is a good
organization known for its good working culture and work life balance. It is recognized
as a great place to work for employees.

 One of their major strength is to complete the projects which they have taken initiative
to complete it efficiently and within a time limit.

 As NTPC has experience in different sectors, shows its credibility. Privileged to be a

unit of NTPC Ltd brand image of Maharatna status PSU.

 The production process of plants of NTPC Ltd works efficiently. The manpower or
workers of NTPC Ltd has skills and talent to work with efficiency to get effective results.
High efficiency and reliability of equipment’s being new and latest technology.

 NTPC has an advantage of backing of central government. Good government support

being a public sector unit.

2. WEAKNESS

 Due to very bad financial condition of many customers’ especially lower middle class
people, NTPC Ltd is not able to earn that much profit of what they have invested in. As
customers are king of any business so having financially backward customers is a
weakness of NTPC.
 Government intervening in routine of NTPC Ltd can often cause obstacle in operation
of the business.
 Prices of the material NTPC produce are determined by India’s Electricity Act.

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  Inadequate deployment of a strong knowledge management system that could assist in
improving efficiency and effectiveness in all aspects of the business.

 One of the weaknesses is the gap between HR system such as managing performance,
rewards, appreciation, incentives and career development.

 Roles of managers of the organization are ambiguous and dilution within different
departments of organization.

3. OPPORTUNITIES

 The generation capacities of NTPC Ltd have an opportunity to expand by putting up

thermal and hydro capacity and it also maintains the image of being dominant
organization of generation of utility in the Indian Power sector.

 Backward integration into fuel management to exercise greater control and

understanding of supply economics.

 This organization has the opportunity to improve collections by trading what the
manufacture, direct selling of their produced products to customers in bulk and playing
the active role in allocation in new plants.

 It gets opportunity to lead the development and commercial deployment of non-

conventional energy sources especially in the distributed generation mode.

 Forward integration into the distribution business in India.

4. THREATS

 The major threat faced by NTPC limited is huge competition from growing private sector
firms. Because, as this organization has limited experience of operation in liberalized
environment with competition.

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  Increase in the total cost of production of the products they manufacture is also one of
the threat, higher the cost lesser will be the demand and lesser will be the supply of the
manufactured products.

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MARKETING STRATEGIES OF NTPC LTD

The company NTPC limited has mind set to increase their company’s production capacity and
generation capacity ahead of anticipated increase in product demand. They strategize the way
of doing business in a way so that they could increase the company’s market share from 19% to
25% and more which will help the company in maintaining its position as the market leader.
It has made all types of diversification and integration to leverage its position in power sector.
Some of the strategies NTPC has adopted are:

1. Contributing to sustainable development by adopting CSR activities

2. To lead the organization in the market in areas of resettlement and in protecting
environment which includes ash utilization, peripheral development and energy
conservation practices.
3. To lead in developing the Indian power sector by putting efforts in assisting customers
in reforms, disseminating best practices in the operation and management of power
plants etc.
4. They have adopted cost-effective ways in order to enhance power supply.
5. NTPC has set their strategies by offering cheapest and minimum average tariff for power
in India.
6. They are also trying to implement a new strategy of facing hurdles that is constituted by
evolving energy landscape marked by regulatory change and government’s increasing
focus on renewable source of power.

Here are the 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) which explains about the marketing strategy
of NTPC limited.

1. PRODUCT
NTPC has proceeded in the electricity generation process from fossil fuels through nuclear,
hydro and renewable energy sources. It majorly does business related to the sale and
generation of electricity to Indian State-Electricity Board and power distribution companies
owned by the state itself. It is also involved in turnkey contracts and consultancy works

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 related to project management, engineering, construction operation and management, and
management of power plants.
It has also adopted diversification in business interests and proceeded in gas and oil mining
along with coal-mining activities. With the distinction of being the largest power related
company in India, its electric power generating capacity is about 45,548 MW, with optimum
efficiency leading to its contribution at 25% power-generation.

In Gas based Thermal Power Plants, NTPC has recently joined up with Ratnagiri Gas and
Gail in Maharashtra to establish a plant with 1967.08 MW capacity. In Hydro based Power
Plant, it has emphasized on a long term sustainable alternative for developing a balanced
hydro portfolio. To maintain the environmental stability, NTPC has ventured into
generation and distribution of Renewable Energy. It has installed Solar Photovoltaic Power
Plants in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and various others. It has also signed a MOU
(memorandum of Understanding) with the Sri Lankan Government and Ceylon Electricity
Board for setting up a 500MW Coal based Thermal Power Plant. It has also signed another
MOU with Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc. Japan, for exchanging information and experts
from various areas of business.

2. PLACE
NTPC has its operations spread over 55 locations in the country, one in Sri Lanka and 2 in
Bangladesh, holding headquarters in New Delhi.

It’s Coal based Thermal Power Plants are in a following locations:

 Singrauli, Unchahar, Tanda and Rihand in Uttar Pradesh
 Korba and Sipat in Chhattisgarh, Farakka in West Bengal
 Ramagundam and Simhadri in Andhra Pradesh
 Kahalgaon in Bihar
 Vindhyachal in Madhya Pradesh
 Talcher in Orissa

Its Gas/Liquid based power plants are in following locations:

 Faridabad in Haryana
 Kayamkulam in Kerala

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 Jhanor-Gandhar and Kawas in Gujarat
 Dadri and Auraiya in Uttar Pradesh
 Anta in Rajasthan

In joint-ventures, it has set up power-plants at following locations:

 RGPPL in Maharashtra
 Bhilai in Chhattisgarh
 Rourkela in Orissa
 Durgapur in West Bengal

3. PRICE
The main goal of the Government of India is Power for all. This is achieved at a significant
rate by adopting cost-effective ways to improve the efficiency of power supply. It has
attained benchmark in power industry by maintaining the operations and construction of
power plants offering the cheapest and minimum average tariff for power in India.
NTPC is devoted in its attempt to generate power sustainably through the competitive prices
by taking responsibility of using environment-friendly and innovative technology. Since it
is a government undertaking and works towards the welfare of its country and its people, it
has adopted a reasonable and economic pricing policy.
The Price aspect of Marketing is dependent on buyers like state electricity boards and
government bodies, and the changing market conditions. NTPC has formulated a design to
reduce the average power rate to ₹3 per unit throughout the nation, by cutting down the
power cost of state distribution firms and reduce the average net loss.

4. PROMOTION
NTPC drives on a different lane of promotion. Instead of using the attractive and rigorous
means of advertising, that is popular in the newer market, NTPC promotes its new
undertakings and ongoing projects in a way that makes people aware of the advancements
made by the company.
Holding the Maharatna title, NTPC has received many awards for its excellence in the field.
To name a few of remarkable achievements, following have been listed:
 Best Performance Award in PSU in 2019, by Ministry of Electronics and IT and Ministry
of Finance

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 Best Performing Utility of the Country in Thermal Power Sector in 2019, by Central Board
of Irrigation and Power
 Felicitated at the Economic Times 5th Annual Summit – “Power Focus” for its remarkable
contribution to the power sector
 Golden Peacock Global Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance in 2014 and in
2009.

It also has a well-equipped fully residential NTPC Power Management Institute (PMI) to
train the employees for 15 months and has started innovative programmes centred on power
and energy sources. NTPC PMI was awarded as ISTD National Award for Innovative
Training Practices in 2018.
NTPC actively organises CSR activities to help improve conditions in the society, realising
the significance of resource conservation and environment protection. It has tried to bring
down the carbon footprint by reducing the greenhouse gas emission and increasing its
energy efficiency. It has also participated in Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan and contributed in
various events, portraying its concern over the polluting environment.
Using the print and electronic media, they tend to create awareness about various
undertakings. They also utilize the social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and
YouTube to enhance their brand visibility, where people can evaluate and appreciate their
projects.

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 RATIO ANALYSIS

Fig. Gross, Operating, Net Profit Margin

RATIOS 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

Dividend Per Share 6.08 5.12 4.78 3.35 2.50

Operating Profit Margin (%) 25.21 25.96 27.19 25.24 21.22
Gross Profit Margin (%) 17.18 17.45 19.62 17.94 14.52
Cash Profit Margin (%) 24.78 20.46 20.27 22.12 19.67
Net Profit Margin (%) 13.01 12.39 11.99 15.20 14.04
Return On Capital Employed (%) 7.16 7.52 8.35 7.81 8.08
Current Ratio 0.77 1.03 1.12 1.21 1.43
Quick Ratio 1.10 1.05 1.04 1.11 1.23
Debt Equity Ratio 1.26 1.13 1.04 0.95 0.96
Long Term Debt Equity Ratio 1.11 1.07 1.01 0.93 0.96
Interest Cover 3.69 4.10 4.57 4.21 4.72
Total Debt to Owners Fund 1.26 1.13 1.04 0.95 0.96
Inventory Turnover Ratio 11.31 13.78 12.03 10.11 9.92
Debtors Turnover Ratio 11.28 10.62 9.86 9.24 11.42
Investments Turnover Ratio 11.31 13.78 12.03 10.11 9.92
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio 0.59 0.59 0.70 0.73 0.57
Total Assets Turnover Ratio 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.46
Earning Retention Ratio 68.43 60.94 64.65 74.33 79.30

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 1. Current Ratio-
This ratio is calculated with the objective to know the liquidity position of the
company. It shows the relation between current assets & current liabilities. The
companies calculate the Current ratio because their primary goal is to have a clear picture
or a clear knowledge that whether the company has sufficient amount of short term assets
to pay off the short term liabilities. Current Ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures the
ability of the enterprise to pay its short term financial obligations i.e. Current liabilities.
It establishes the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. It indicates
whether the enterprise will be able to meet its short-term financial obligations as and
when they become due for payment. Thus, current ratio is a measurement of financial
health of the enterprise in a short-term. Conventionally it is said that the current ratio
should be 2:1.

𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
Current ratio=
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

2. Quick Ratio-
It is the ratio which reflects that how the company would meet the short term
liabilities. It can be understood by the assets which can be sold immediately or converted
into cash for covering up the liabilities. Quick Ratio involves the cash & cash
equivalents.

𝑄𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
Quick ratio=
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

3. Debtors turnover ratio-

A company compares it debts ratio with it identical competitive firm. It is net
credit sales / average account receivable High ratio implements the credit or cash
collection of the firm is ideal or good, while the lower ratio show that the company has
flexibility in the revenue collection.

4. Asset turnover ratio-

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 These are basically the financial ratio that measures the profitability or efficiency
of the firm or the company. Higher the ratio higher is the profit.

𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
Asset Turnover Ratio =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠

5. Investment turnover ratio-

It measures to access the money invested by the company, generated by sales revenue.
It enhances the long-term abilities and shareholder fund of the company. There is no
ideal ratio; it entirely depends upon the capabilities of company.

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑

Inventory Turnover Ratio =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦

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HR Practices of NTPC Ltd.:
Vision of NTPC is to ensure that their people acts more like a family of committed world class
professionals, making long term commitment with the employees and also making NTPC a
learning organization. Keeping this vision in minds they have designed their HR Practices.

NTPC strongly believes and is dedicatedly committed for the development and growth of their
employees as individuals. They treat employees as an asset and not just as employees.

Career Advancement & Opportunities-

A talent management system consisting of Leadership Development System, Performance

Management System, Succession Planning Scheme and Career Development Scheme is in place
to ensure that they fulfil their promise of sustainable growth and relevant challenges for their
employees.

The career development of individuals is related location exposure, to diverse job exposure,
cross-functional modules & clearance of online e-learning functional and administration of
assessment tools.

Rewards & Recognitions-

NTPC management understands the utmost importance of Rewards and Recognition to

employees in building the performance culture of the organization. So, they have created a
culture of recognition, appreciation and rewards for the contributions behind each success.

Learning & Development-

On the basis of training calendar employee needs are identified during performance discussion
and filling of Individual Development Plans form.

Technical topics from renowned bodies and access to e-Learning courses on Management is
given to NTPC employees to facilitate anywhere & anytime self-paced training facility where
employee at own ease can schedule their learning. The modules through Web based portal. In
2017-18, 2000 executives were allowed to access to Harvard Manage Mentor (HMM) online

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courses in the time span of 11 months had to complete 21 online module. More than 2000
executives were allowed access for the same in 2018-19 and so on.

NTPC also has a policy of Sponsorship and Study Leave for Higher Education in order to match
their academic aspirations with the needs of the organisations.

Innovate, Compete, Create-

In order to enhance the creativity, spirit of healthy competition and innovation among its
employees, NTPC has introduced number of initiatives. These initiatives give individuals the
opportunity to enhance their personal growth by also contributing to the organization. NTPC
Open Competition for Executive Talent (NOCET-a theme based annual competition), NTPC
Business Minds (Simulation Game Challenge) like platforms are being provided to the
employees.

Knowledge Management in NTPC-

This management system helps in tapping, understanding and updating structured and
unstructured knowledge in NTPC. NTPC also welcomes feedback, and is positive about ask a
question on the document or start a discussion approach.

Quality of Work-Life-

NTPC vision is to enable their people to be a family of committed world class professionals
therefore, they are committed to provide the best available work life and best possible
organisation culture and environment for its employees.

So, a range of welfare and recreation facilities like schools, shopping centres, hospitals
recreation centres, club, gym, pool etc. are being provided.

Employee Welfare-

NTPC has taken a unique initiative to provide Urban Facilities at Projects/Stations (PUPs) to
create better working & living conditions for employees to meet the aspirations and needs of
young employees.

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Employee Welfare, Health and Social Security-

 Free Medical to self and dependent (even after retirement)

 Social security schemes- EPS,EPF & Gratuity

 Easy Home Loan, Car Loan, Education Loan for children.

NTPC provides full medical cover to the employee and their families. The medical cover
consists of cost of medical tests, consultation, and hospitalization of all employees and their
dependent members of the family to secure their health.

 NTPC has their own hospitals which provide round the clock services to its employees
who are posted at NTPC townships situated at far-off locations.

 NTPC has provided Medical Smart Card to every employee of the organisation so that
they can walk in and avail medical treatment billed to company.

 NTPC has the objective of providing best medical facilities to its employees, even at the
remotest of the locations.

 NTPC recently launched an initiative called "Tele Medicine" in which patients could
consult live with specialists of reputed super-specialty hospitals through tele-video
conferencing. This initiative was a great success.

 100 % preventive medical check-up is aimed at for all employees.

 Awareness programs such as lectures & camps by specialists on medical & lifestyle are
regularly conducted.

 It has also provided Post-Retirement Medical Scheme (PRMS) for their retired
employees to recognise and appreciate their contribution to the company.

NTPC has been awarded with Platinum award-2017-18 from Arogya World for health
initiatives.

NTPC has also extended by giving facilities such as easy home loan, car loan and education
loan to help their employee and giving them sense of security by providing them various security
schemes.

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Seeking Feedback-

NTPC has a culture of taking regular feedbacks which is also vital for any organisation in
today’s world. Feedbacks system helps to creates a clear picture and increases transparency
by sharing information on what can and needs to be improved helps optimize work process and
get things done in less time which helps in getting better results. This creates a positive
organisational climate.

Due to such positive environment, Employee contribute by giving their valuable feedback which
helps in the improvement of various systems within organization.

Shared Services-

NTPC has centralized certain HR functions of all the units of a region by introducing HR Unified
Services .An Unified HR Services portal facilitates the process wherein the employees can login
into the portal and raise their service requests.

This results in reduction of manpower engaged in these activities and also greater economies of
scale due to centralization of activities. This was green or paperless initiative of the company in
order to discourage the use of papers.

Branding-

Over the years, NTPC has made a name in itself and has received numerous awards and
recognitions that reinforce our HR philosophy and practices.

2018 - “Laureate” ranked it among “Top 50 Best Companies to Work for in India” for last
10 years in the Great Place to Work and Economic Times survey. Also, being recognized as
the best in Manufacturing and PSU’s.

2019 - NTPC was recognized as one of the 25 best large workplaces in Asia, one of India's Best
Companies to Work for, the best workplace in Energy, Oil & Gas Sector and the best Public
Sector Enterprise.

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Equal Opportunity Employer-

Due to globalisation they have diverse workforce and NTPC values it. So, NTPC is truly and
dedicatedly committed to provide equal opportunities in employment and also seeks to create
an inclusive work culture in which all employees are treated equally with dignity and respect.

Employee Engagement-

 NOCET

 Professional Circles

 Quality Circles

 Medha Pratiyogiti (An annual quizzing event)

 Business Minds

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Entrepreneurial Journey
The company NTPC limited was established on 7th of November 1975 which was first a private
company but later on it was made mandatory for every government company that they won’t
use word “private” anymore i.e. the word private was exempted from all government companies.
So on 30th of November 1985 the company NTPC limited was converted into a public company.

The first ever project of NTPC at Singrauli in Uttar Pradesh was commenced by India’s
government in year 1976. And after the completion of the project the first batch of executive
trainees joined the company. The contract of 57.5 million was awarded for the company’s site
for the work conducted in Singrauli in June 1977. In 1983 NTPC limited started commencing
its business commercially and selling power.

1995-2004

In the year 1995 NTPC acquired one thermal power station of Orissa to expand its business in
various fields and which was awarded with Navratna award. In 1997 the target of generating
100 billion units of electricity which the company set to achieve was accomplished. Then one
of the company’s plant located in Dadri was certified with ISO-14001. Then again to gain more
profit the company started working on the construction of its first hydro-electric power project
with 800 megawatt in Himachal Pradesh. NTPC limited also established its three other small
enterprises or subsidiary company because of three reasons that is:

1. To enter into the business for distributing and trading of power

2. To match the rise of trading of energy as expected out of it

3. For the purpose of implementation and running or operating small and medium hydro
projects.

These three companies are: - NTPC electric supply company, NTPC vidyut vyapar nigam
limited and NTPC hydro limited.

2005 till date

After taking up responsibility to complete different projects and after acquiring many small
enterprises NTPC to grow entered into joint venture with BHEL, Bharat Forge, NHPC, coal
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India, SAIL, NMDC and NPCIL .They also joined other companies to generate revenue and to
make investment in other ventures.

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Caselet: Evolution of Power Generation
NTPC Ltd. has established many thermal power plants across the nation. They started the first
power generating plant that was based on Coal, and further, they have expanded the power
generation by establishing 24 self-owned plants and 9 owned by Joint Ventures or Subsidiaries,
which produce 45,270 MW and 6494 MW of electricity, respectively. The coal-based power
plants fulfil the electricity demand in most parts of the nation producing thousands of
commissioned capacity. But the organization realized its responsibility towards the environment
as the usage of coal in power generation produces Greenhouse Gases, leads to mining
destruction, generates millions of tons of waste and emits other harmful substances in the
environment.

The harmful effects of coal came into view which forced the organization to adopt alternatives
to generate electricity. They started innovating the power generation techniques like Gas-based
and Hydro-based power generation. These alternatives not only improved the efficiency of
power generation, they also pose lesser threat to the environment.

NTPC Ltd. now has 7 self-owned and 1 owned gas-based power plant by Joint venture with
GAIL producing 4,017.23MW and 1967.08MW of electricity respectively.

NTPC hurried installation of hydro development for a fair portfolio to maintain in long haul.
The initial phase right now taken by starting generation in Koldam Hydro Electric Power Project
situated on Satluj waterway in Bilaspur locale of Himachal Pradesh. Other hydro venture under
development is Tapovan Vishnugad. On every one of these undertakings development exercises
are going full speed ahead. Out of these 5 hydro-based power plants, only 2 of them are currently
operational that produce 808MW of power, but are expected to produce 1,619MW of power in
total.

These alternatives are supposed to serve as the bridge between the expensive and high gas
emitting Coal-based generation technique and the reliable renewable sources of energy. Even
with many advantages over the traditional power generation source, that is coal, the natural gas
and hydro plants are relatively substandard to the renewable energy sources.

According to a recent study in Science, it was found that the methane emissions in gas’s lifecycle
is much higher than what was estimated. This could seriously impair its advantage over coal.

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Also, the hydro power plants come with several environmental issues like damming the rivers
and controlling the water flow damages the river ecosystem. Moreover, they depend solely on
the availability of water, the power generation can suffer drastically in case of drought.

Such issues got them to find the next best alternative. NTPC is finding a way to make its vitality
portfolio greener by including noteworthy limits of Renewable Energy (RE) Sources. By 2032,
the organization intends to have at least 32000 MW limit through RE sources establishing about
25% of its general force age limit.

NTPC is seeking after limit expansion in Renewable Energy extends in two modes in particular
Own ability expansion mode and Developer Mode. In Own ability expansion mode, NTPC sets
up Renewable Energy extends on its own speculation. In Developer Mode, NTPC goes about as
a middle person procurer where it obtains power from the Developers and offers to DISCOMs
with an exchanging edge.

NTPC is currently operating 11 solar and 1 wind power plant under own capacity addition,
through which they are generating 920MW power. They have 12 additional solar power plants
under implementation that are expected to generate 1062MW power, out of which 237 MW
constitutes floating solar projects located in reservoirs in NTPC’s existing stations, which is a
very cost effective way.

With such transformation, NTPC is aiming to fulfil its commitment on creating and giving
reliable power at competitive costs in a feasible way by upgrading the utilization of different
energy resources with imaginative eco-friendly advancements along these lines adding to the
financial improvement of the country, social upliftment of the general public and advancing a
sound situation.

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Research Survey
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

To cope up with the fast changing technology and needs of the society, training and development
of employees is very essential. Training is a process of learning, in which emphasis is given for
job instruction, job relation, and job knowledge programmes in addition to managerial skills.

Training is a short term process and is imparted for a definite purpose, while development is a
long term educational process, utilising a systematic and organised procedure for learning
conceptual and theoretical knowledge for general purpose.

Human resource development is the process of increasing the knowledge, skills and capacities
of people. This is important for individual and enterprise as well as for a nation to develop its
human resources.

TRAINING NEEDS

A. FOR TOP MANAGEMENT

a) Conceptual skill, Decision making;
b) Organization and communication; and
c) Industrial relations.
B. FOR MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
Specialized courses in various management and productivity techniques.

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 C. FOR LOWER MANAGEMENT
a) Social and administrative aspects

b) Productive technique

c) Production Engineering and Industrial Engineering

d) Company information.

OBJECTIVE OF TRAINING

A good training has the following objectives:

1. To increase productivity.

2. To make first line supervisors a more effective tool of management.

3. To bring out more cordial relations, i.e., employee and employer relations.

4. To increase morale and team spirit among the workers.

5. To increase effective co-operation and co-ordination at all levels.

6. To impart various social and supervisory skills.

7. To develop the individual to utilize the knowledge and experience and inherent abilities
for higher performance.

8. To accept more shop floor responsibility.

9. To increase knowledge (Technical know-how) and economical use of resources.

RESEARCH METHADOLOGY

Sampling Technique used - Non-Random Sampling (Explanatory Sampling)

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Explanatory Sampling is also known as Casual Research. It finds the cause and effect
Relationship between variable. It seeks to determine how the dependent variable changes with
variation in the independent variable.

Sample Size- 20 Respondents

DATA COLLECTION METHOD- Questionnaire

We are working on a project on NTPC Ltd. and we need to conduct a research on “Effectiveness
of training on Performance” as a part of the project. We would be thankful if you could provide
us with responses on the questionnaire. I assure you that the responses recorded will be used for
academic purpose only.

1. What is your age?

2. How long have you been employed in NTPC?

3. Have you undergone any training recently?

4. Do you think the training was well planned?

5. What was the objective of training?

6. What was the duration of training?

7. Do you think the training duration was sufficient?

8. Will the training be helpful to achieve long-term objectives?

9. Did the training help in your personal growth?

10. Did the training motivate you and help you feel secure at job?

11. Did the training help you perform more enthusiastically?

12. Which method was used to identify the training needs?

13. Does the training help you keep up with recent technological innovations?

14. What are the training appraisal methods adopted by the company?

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 15. Do you any suggestions for us? Kindly drop them in the following suggestion box.

METHODS AND TOOLS USED FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Explanatory Research is used as a tool for data analysis

Following are the response graphs:

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FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

Candidates who showed up to get the job in NTPC Ltd. were majorly in the age bracket 20-30
and were employed in the organization. Out of 100% of employee who went under training 95%
of them liked the training session as well as gained more knowledge. 55% out of 100% employee
undergone the training only for one month which depends upon the job content. Similarly 40%
and 5% of employee were on probation period for 3 and 6 months respectively. Out of 100%-
90% employee were satisfied with the duration and 10% needed more time to learn perfectly so
that they can do the job and perform it efficiently.

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Majority of people were filling positive side as they think that the training program helps them
in motivating to get the best result out and also by increasing their productivity will help secure
their jobs.

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