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Warehouse Schema Design

The document discusses different data warehouse schemas including star schema, snowflake schema, and fact constellation schema. The star schema has one dimension table for each dimension linked to a central fact table. The snowflake schema may normalize dimension tables to reduce redundancy. The fact constellation schema can have multiple fact tables that may share dimension tables.

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Amit Baghel
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97 views

Warehouse Schema Design

The document discusses different data warehouse schemas including star schema, snowflake schema, and fact constellation schema. The star schema has one dimension table for each dimension linked to a central fact table. The snowflake schema may normalize dimension tables to reduce redundancy. The fact constellation schema can have multiple fact tables that may share dimension tables.

Uploaded by

Amit Baghel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment-1

Warehouse Schema design


Schema is a logical description of the entire database. It includes the name and description of records of all record types
including all associated data-items and aggregates. Much like a database, a data warehouse also requires to maintain a
schema. A database uses relational model, while a data warehouse uses Star, Snowflake, and Fact Constellation schema.
In this chapter, we will discuss the schemas used in a data warehouse.

Star Schema
Each dimension in a star schema is represented with only one-dimension table.

This dimension table contains the set of attributes.

The following diagram shows the sales data of a company with respect to the four dimensions, namely time, item,
branch, and location.

Fig. Start Schema

There is a fact table at the center. It contains the keys to each of four dimensions.

The fact table also contains the attributes, namely dollars sold and units sold.

Note − Each dimension has only one dimension table and each table holds a set of attributes. For example, the location
dimension table contains the attribute set {location_key, street, city, province_or_state,country}. This constraint may
cause data redundancy. For example, "Vancouver" and "Victoria" both the cities are in the Canadian province of British
Columbia. The entries for such cities may cause data redundancy along the attributes province_or_state and country.

Snowflake Schema
Some dimension tables in the Snowflake schema are normalized.
The normalization splits up the data into additional tables.

Unlike Star schema, the dimensions table in a snowflake schema are normalized. For example, the item dimension table
in star schema is normalized and split into two dimension tables, namely item and supplier table.

Fig. Snowflake Schema

Now the item dimension table contains the attributes item_key, item_name, type, brand, and supplier-key.

The supplier key is linked to the supplier dimension table. The supplier dimension table contains the attributes
supplier_key and supplier_type.

Note − Due to normalization in the Snowflake schema, the redundancy is reduced and therefore, it becomes easy to
maintain and the save storage space.

Fact Constellation Schema


A fact constellation has multiple fact tables. It is also known as galaxy schema.

The following diagram shows two fact tables, namely sales and shipping.

The sales fact table is same as that in the star schema.

The shipping fact table has the five dimensions, namely item_key, time_key, shipper_key, from_location, to_location.

The shipping fact table also contains two measures, namely dollars sold and units sold.

It is also possible to share dimension tables between fact tables. For example, time, item, and location dimension tables
are shared between the sales and shipping fact table.
Fig. Fact Constellation Schema

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