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The 1 Experiment "Single-Phase Transformer No-Load Test "

The document describes a no-load test performed on a single-phase transformer to determine its efficiency and regulation. Key steps included: 1. Connecting the transformer in an open circuit configuration and taking voltage, current, and power measurements at various input voltages. 2. Calculating the transformer's resistance and reactance values from the test data. 3. Tabulating the test results and plotting graphs of input power, voltage, and current versus various parameters to analyze transformer performance. The no-load test involved applying different voltages to the transformer's primary side in an open circuit, and measuring the corresponding currents and power readings to calculate internal resistance and reactance values characterizing the transformer.

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Ali Waleed Jaafar
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297 views

The 1 Experiment "Single-Phase Transformer No-Load Test "

The document describes a no-load test performed on a single-phase transformer to determine its efficiency and regulation. Key steps included: 1. Connecting the transformer in an open circuit configuration and taking voltage, current, and power measurements at various input voltages. 2. Calculating the transformer's resistance and reactance values from the test data. 3. Tabulating the test results and plotting graphs of input power, voltage, and current versus various parameters to analyze transformer performance. The no-load test involved applying different voltages to the transformer's primary side in an open circuit, and measuring the corresponding currents and power readings to calculate internal resistance and reactance values characterizing the transformer.

Uploaded by

Ali Waleed Jaafar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

University of Baghdad
Engineering college
Mechanical Department

The 1st experiment


“single-phase transformer No-load test “

Name : ALI WALEED JAFFAR


Grade : 3rd grade /A/ group /A/ Date :
2019/4/27

1
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

Experiment Name: -
single-phase transformer (No-load test )

Objective: -
Determination of efficiency and regulation of a single-phase
transformer

Theory:

The efficiency and regulation are important performance


parameters to evaluate the transformer by the efficiency the input
power for full load condition is determined and by the regulation
the change in voltage between no-load and full load condition is
known.

The efficiency and regulation can be determined by one of


the following methods: o No-load test o Load test
o Back to Back test

The first method and the second method are indirect method to
determine the efficiency and regulation while the third
method is a direct method to measure the two performance
parameters.

No-Load test:
2
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

A. Open - circuit or no load test:


Inspection of the equivalent circuit of fig. 1 reveals that
if the secondary circuit is open. The impressed voltage V acts
upon a circuit consisting of the primary impedance.

𝑧 = 𝑟1 +𝑗𝑥1 In series with the exciting impedance 𝑍o = 1 / 𝑌o


Where 𝑌o =𝑔o −𝑗𝑏o
Since Z1 is very small compared with Zo, it is certainly
accurate to ignore Z1 under the specified conditions. The
circuit diagram to be connected in carrying out the open
circuit test is shown in fig. 2

3
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

By the open - circuit test go and bo are measured directly.


The true exciting current can be measured if the potential coil of the
Wattmeter is disconnecting when the ammeter reading is taken,
when the potential coil is connected correction must be made.

The constant go and bo are calculated as follows:

For correct calculations, Losses of the Wattmeter may be subtracted as


follows: Where:

(𝑣1/ 𝑅𝑤): Is the current flowing in the voltage coil of the wattmeter

(𝐼i2 R𝑐𝑜) : is the primary winding copper loss at no load 𝑝


(𝑝𝑜): primary winding copper loss at no load
(𝑝𝑠h) :power loss in voltage coil of wattmeter

4
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

Procedure :-

o Copy the name plate data of the transformer, measure the D. C.


resistance of the Wattmeter potential coil and the D. C, resistance
of the high tension coil. o Connect the circuit of fig. 2 choosing
the right components and selecting the proper ranges. Vary the
impressed voltage between (Zero and 110%) of the rate voltage and
record voltage, current and power on the L, T ', side and voltage
on the H. T. side, the voltmeter are to be disconnected by the
switches provided when the current and power are read

Keeping the rated voltage in the premiers adjust the auxiliary voltage
to vary the secondary current 1 from zero to 110% the rated value of
one of the transformer, Take reading of all the instrument

Calculations and results:


5
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

1. cosØ = 0.24 → Ø = 76.11


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 1.3 * cos(76.11) = 0.31 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ =1.3 * sin(76.11) = 1.26 A

V 100
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 322.58 Ω
Iw 0.31
V 100
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 79.36 Ω
Iµ 1.26

2. cosØ = 0.283 → Ø = 73.56


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.98 * COS(73.56) = 0.27 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.98 * SIN(73.56) = 0.93 A

V 90
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 333.3 Ω
Iw 0.27
V 90
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 96.77 Ω
Iµ 0.93

3. cosØ = 0.345 → Ø = 69.81


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.76 * COS(69.81) = 0.26 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.76 * SIN(69.81) = 0.71 A

V 80
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 307.69 Ω
Iw 0.26
V 80
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 112.67 Ω
Iµ 0.71

4.cosØ = 0.404 → Ø = 66.17


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.6 * COS(66.17) = 0.24

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.6 * SIN(66.17) = 0.54

V 70
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 291.6
Iw 0.24
V 70
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 129.62
Iµ 0.54

6
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

5 .cosØ = 0.46 → Ø = 62.61


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.47 * COS(62.61) = 0.21 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.47 * SIN(62.61) = 0.41 A

V 60
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 285.71 Ω
Iw 0.21
V 60
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 146.32 Ω
Iµ 0.41

6. cosØ = 0.461 → Ø = 62.54


Iw = IocosØ → Iw =0.39 * COS(62.54) = 0.17 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.39 * SIN(62.54) = 0.34

V 50
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 294.11 Ω
Iw 0.17
V 50
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 147.05 Ω
Iµ 0.34

7. cosØ = 0.454 → Ø = 62.99


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.33 * COS(62.99) = 0.14 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.33 * SIN(62.99) = 0.29 A

V 40
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 285.71 Ω
Iw 0.14
V 40
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 137.93 Ω
Iµ 0.29

8. cosØ = 0.476 → Ø = 61.57


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.28 * COS(61.57) = 0.13 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.28 * SIN(61.57) = 0.24 A

7
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

V 30
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 230.76 Ω
Iw 0.13
V 30
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 125 Ω
Iµ 0.24

9. cosØ = 0.454 → Ø = 62.99


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.22 * COS(62.99) = 0.09 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.22 * SIN(62.99) = 0.19 A

V 20
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 222.2 Ω
Iw 0.09
V 20
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 105.26 Ω
Iµ 0.19

10. cosØ = 0.055 → Ø = 86.84


Iw = IocosØ → Iw = 0.18 * COS(86.84) = 0.009 A

Iµ = IosinØ → Iµ = 0.18 * SIN(86.84) = 0.17 A

V 10
Ro = → Ro = → Ro = 1111.1 Ω
Iw 0.009
V 10
Xo = → Xo = → Xo = 58.82 Ω
Iµ 0.17

8
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

Tables of Results

Vo (V) Io(A) P1 P1F


100 1.3 32 0.29
90 0.98 25 0.283
80 0.76 21 0.345
70 0.6 17 0.404
60 0.47 13 0.460
50 0.39 9 0.461
40 0.33 6 0.454
30 0.28 4 0.476
20 0.22 2 0.454
10 0.18 0.1 0.055
0 0.05 0 0

9
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

Report:

1. Draw complete circuit diagrams showing all the instruments


and ranges for each test,

10
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

2. Reticulate the data and the result Po,Pi,lo,Im from the open
circuit test and Vs, so, and Psc from the short circuit test, plot Pi, lo
against V on the same sheet and Is Psc against Esc on the high
voltage side.

a. P vs Io

Y-Values
35

30

25

20
P

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Io

11
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

b. Vo vs Io

Y-Values
120

100

80

60
Vo

40

20

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Io

c. Io vs P&Vo

12
Single-phase transformer (No-load test)

1.4

1.2

0.8
Io

Vo
0.6
P

0.4

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

P&Vo

13

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