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UNIT 5 The Data Collection Methods

The document discusses various methods used to collect qualitative data in research including interviews, observations, questionnaires, and document collection. It describes different types of interviews such as structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews. Observation methods include participant and non-participant observation. Questionnaires contain questions in various formats like yes/no, Likert scale, and ranking. Documents can be collected from organizations, individuals, publications, secondary sources, and multimedia formats.

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John Lester M. Dela Cruz
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113 views

UNIT 5 The Data Collection Methods

The document discusses various methods used to collect qualitative data in research including interviews, observations, questionnaires, and document collection. It describes different types of interviews such as structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews. Observation methods include participant and non-participant observation. Questionnaires contain questions in various formats like yes/no, Likert scale, and ranking. Documents can be collected from organizations, individuals, publications, secondary sources, and multimedia formats.

Uploaded by

John Lester M. Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

Research Instruments are measurement tools designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from research subjects. (EBSCO Help,
2017)

Apparatus- mechanical devices


Materials- pencil and paper

Main methods used in qualitative research


1. INTERVIEWS- data gathering techniques that makes you verbally ask the subjects questions to give answer to what your
research study is trying to look for.

Types of Interview
a. Structured Interview- an interview in which the questions are pre-determined and asked to all subjects. Closed questions are
used with limited response choice.
b. Unstructured Interview- the researcher asks the respondent a general question regarding the area of interest and asks them
to tell their own story; aims to discuss a limited number of topics in great depth.
c. Semi- structured interview- questions are phrased to allow the participants to tell the story in their own way and an interview
guide is used to ensure information is gathered on areas of interest to the researchers.

Approaches in interview
a. Individual interview- one on one interview (face-to-face interview)
b. Group interview- group of people with something common (focus-group interview)
c. Mediated Interview- the researcher conducts the interview with the use of media (e.g chat, skype, email or telephone/
cellphone conversation)

Materials and Apparatus needed


a. Taking notes
b. Audio recording
c. Video recording

2. OBSERVATIONS- data gathering technique whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of your
research.

Types of Observation
a. Participant Observation- the observer takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed.
b. Non-participant Observation- completely detaches you from the observation

Methods of Observation
a. Direct Observation- makes you see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation.
b. Indirect Observation-also called behavior archeology because, here you observe traces of past events to get information or
a measure of behavior, trait, or quality of a subject.

3. QUESTIONNAIRES- pre-defined set of questions, assembled in pre-determined order.


a. Open questions- a blank spaces are left for respondents to fill
b. Closed questions- a pre-defined range of answers is provided

Format of questions and Responses


a. Yes/No questions
b. Quantity questions
c. Agree/Disagree with a statement
d. Degree of agreement/disagreement- Likert scale
e. Scale questions
f. Semantic differential scale
g. List questions
h. Rank order questions

4. DOCUMENT COLLECTION
a. Produced by Organizations- formal records, informal communications, public records
b. Produced by Individuals-personal papers, documents by everyday lives
c. Publications-academic literature, popular literature, guides, manuals
d. Secondary data- research data and field notes, publicly funded surveys, internal organization research
e. Multimedia- photos, videos, comic strips, signposts, models, sound and music, electronic sources
f. Generated Documents-field notes, photographs, diagrams, story boards, use case scenarios

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