Attendance no.

: 45
Problem I
Fuel: Cherokee County, Kansas, Coal
Gas analysis: 〖𝐶𝑂〗 _2 14.2 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝐶𝑂2/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑠
0.142
= CO = 0.3 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝐶𝑂/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑠
0.003
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑂2/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝑂_2= 4.3 0.043

𝑚 ̇_𝐹= 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙/ℎ𝑟 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙/𝑠

Coal Fired: 9800 2.722222
1090〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒/ℎ𝑟
𝑚 ̇_𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒= 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒/𝑠
Refuse: 0.302778
𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Water: 𝑚 ̇ _𝑓𝑤=𝑚 ̇_𝑠= 49000 13.61111
Water entering temp. : 140 °C 413.15 K
Steam leaving: 3 Mpa 3000 kPa
750 °C 1023.15 K
Fuel & room temp. : 𝑡_𝑎=𝑡_𝐹= 28 °C 82.4 °F
Gas temperature: 𝑡_𝑔= 320 °C 608 °F

Ultimate analysis: Coal (as fired)

〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝐶/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
C= 0.7181
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝐻2/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝐻_2= 0.0523
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑂2/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝑂_2= 0.1015
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑁2/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝑁_2= 0.012
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑆/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
S= 0.0318
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑎𝑠ℎ/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
A= 0.0334
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
〖𝑀 =𝑀 〗 _𝐹= 0.0509

Gas analysis:
𝑁_2= 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑁2/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑠
0.812 81.2
𝑘𝐽/(𝑘𝑔℃)
𝐶_𝑝𝑔= 1.04

Necessary values: RED LINE: SUBS. UR VALUE!!!

𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ_𝑠=ℎ @ 𝑃_𝑠 , 〖 𝑇〗 _𝑠 4028.15
𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ_𝑓𝑤=ℎ @ 〖 𝑇〗 _𝑓𝑤 589.13

From Dulong's Equation: 𝐻𝑉=33820𝐶+144212(𝐻−𝑂/8)+9304𝑆

𝐻𝑉= 30294.60705
𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

7-item boiler balance:

𝑄_1=𝑚 ̇_𝑠 (ℎ_𝑠−ℎ_𝑓𝑤 )
𝑄_1= 𝑘𝐽/𝑠
46808.8833333333
𝑄_2=𝑚 ̇_𝑑𝑔 𝐶_𝑝𝑔 (𝑡_𝑔−𝑡_𝑎 )
𝑚 ̇_𝐹 =[(11 〖𝐶𝑂〗 _2+8𝑂_2+7(𝑁_2+𝐶𝑂))/3( 〖𝐶𝑂〗 _2+𝐶𝑂) ](𝐶_𝑎𝑏+3/8 𝑆)+5/8 𝑆

𝑚_𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒=𝑚 ̇_𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒/𝑚 ̇_𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝐶_𝑎𝑏=𝐶−𝐶_𝑢 𝐶_𝑢=𝑚_𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒−𝑚_𝑎𝑠ℎ

𝑚_𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒= 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

0.111224489795918
𝐶_𝑢= 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝐶/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
0.077824489795918
〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝐶/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝐶_𝑎𝑏= 0.640275510204082
𝑚 ̇_𝑑𝑔/𝑚 ̇_𝐹 = 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑔𝑎𝑠/ 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
11.4311349612949

𝑚 ̇_𝑑𝑔= 〖𝑘𝑔〗 _𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑔𝑎𝑠/𝑠

31.1180896168582

𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑄_2= 9449.94145484751

𝑄_3=𝑀_𝐹 𝑚 ̇_𝐹 (1066+0.5𝑡_𝑔−𝑡_𝐹 )(2.326275) since 𝑡_𝑔>575℉

𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑄_3= 415.0337158905

𝑄_4=𝑚 ̇_𝑣 (1066+0.5𝑡_𝑔−𝑡_𝐹 )(2.326275) since 𝑡_𝑔>575℉

𝑚 ̇_𝑣=9𝐻_2 𝑚 ̇_𝐹
𝑚 ̇_𝑣= 1.28135
𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑄_4= 3838.0426339815

𝑄_5=10160𝐶_𝐶𝑂 (2.326275)𝑚 ̇𝐶_𝐶𝑂=𝐶𝑂/(
_𝐹 〖𝐶𝑂〗 _2+𝐶𝑂) 𝐶_𝑎𝑏

𝐶_𝐶𝑂= 0.013247079521464
𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑄_5= 852.311757837931

𝑄_6=14600𝐶_𝑢 (2.326275)𝑚 ̇_𝐹
𝑄_6= 7195.3805245

𝑄_7= 〖𝑄 _𝑇−(𝑄 〗 _1+𝑄_2+𝑄_3+𝑄_4+𝑄_5+𝑄_6)

𝑄_𝑇=𝑚 ̇_𝐹 𝐻𝑉
𝑄_𝑇= 82468.652525
𝑄_7= 13909.0591046092

𝑄/𝑄_𝑇
Summary: kW %
𝑄_1= 46808.8833333333 0.567596 56.75961
𝑄_2= 9449.94145484751 0.114588 11.45883
𝑄_3= 415.0337158905 0.005033 0.503262
𝑄_4= 3838.0426339815 0.046539 4.653941
𝑄_5= 852.311757837931 0.010335 1.033498
𝑄_6= 7195.3805245 0.08725 8.724989
𝑄_7=
𝑄_7= 13909.0591046092 0.168659 16.86587
𝑸_𝑻= 82468.652525 1 100
Problem II
Fire-tube boiler Boiler operates at:
Steam @ saturation: 𝑃_𝑠= 2 Mpa 2000 kPa
Feedwater temp. : 𝑡_𝑓𝑤= 105 °C 378.15 K ℎ_𝑠=ℎ @ 2𝑀𝑃𝑎
Shell diameter: 𝐷_𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙= 218 cm 2.18 m ℎ_𝑓𝑤=ℎ @105℃
No. of tubes: n= 84
Length: 𝐿_𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠= 5.5 m 550 cm Fuel oils HV:
Inside diameter: 𝑑_𝑖= 14.7 cm 0.147 m
Outside diameter: 𝑑_𝑜= 15 cm 0.15 m
Boiler efficiency: 𝜂_𝐵𝑜= 0.85

A. Boiler Heating Surface

for fire-tube boiler: 𝐻𝑆=1/2 (𝜋𝐷𝐿)+𝜋𝑑_𝑖 𝐿𝑛+2/3 ((𝜋𝐷^2)/4)−(𝜋𝑑_𝑜^2 𝑛)/4

𝐻𝑆=𝐴_1+𝐴_2+𝐴_3−𝐴_4
𝐴_1=1/2 (𝜋𝐷𝐿)
𝐴_1= 18.83329𝑚^2
𝐴_2=𝜋𝑑_𝑖 𝐿𝑛 𝐴_2= 213.3518𝑚^2
𝐴_3=2/3 ((𝜋𝐷^2)/4) 𝐴_3= 2.488277𝑚^2
𝐴_4= 1.484359𝑚^2
𝐴_4=(𝜋𝑑_𝑜^2 𝑛)/4
𝐻𝑆= 233.189𝑚^2

B. mass of steam, 𝑚 ̇_𝑠 𝑚 ̇_𝑠=4 ((𝑔∕𝑠))/(𝑚^2 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑆) 𝑥(𝐻𝑆)

(1𝑘𝑔/1000𝑔)=
𝑚 ̇_𝑠= 932.7562 𝑔⁄𝑠 0.932756168733333

𝑚 ̇_𝑠= 3357.92220744
C. Rated boiler horsepower:
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟=𝐻𝑆/(1.1 𝑚^2/(𝑏𝑜.ℎ𝑝.))
for fire-tube boiler:

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟= 211.990038 𝑏𝑜. ℎ𝑝.

D. Developed boiler hp: 𝐷𝐵𝐻𝑃=(𝑚 ̇_𝑠 (ℎ_𝑠−ℎ_𝑓𝑤 ))/(35322 ((𝑘𝐽∕ℎ𝑟))/(𝑏𝑜. ℎ𝑝.))

𝐷𝐵𝐻𝑃= 224.294 𝑏𝑜. ℎ𝑝.

E. Percent Rating 𝑃𝑅=(𝐷𝑒𝑣. 𝐵𝑜. ℎ𝑝)/(𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜. ℎ𝑝) 𝑥100%

𝑃𝑅= 105.804 %
F. Factor of Evaporation 𝐹𝐸=((ℎ_𝑠−ℎ_𝑓𝑤 ))/(2257 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 " " )

𝐹𝐸= 1.045348

G. Equivalent evaporation 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝.=𝑚 ̇_𝑠 (𝐹𝐸)

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝.= 𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ𝑟

3510.19662

H. Mass of fuel supplied:

𝜂_𝐵𝑜=(𝑚 ̇_𝑠 (ℎ_𝑠−ℎ_𝑓𝑤 ))/(𝑚 ̇_𝐹 (𝐻𝑉))

𝑚 ̇_𝐹=(𝑚 ̇_𝑠 (ℎ_𝑠−ℎ_𝑓𝑤 ))/(𝜂_𝐵𝑜 (𝐻𝑉))

𝑚 ̇_𝐹= 𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ𝑟 (1ℎ𝑟/3600𝑠)

213.7141

𝑚 ̇_𝐹= 0.059365 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑠

I. Boiler economy
𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦=𝑚 ̇_𝑠/𝑚 ̇_𝐹

𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦= 15.7122195 15.71222

 ((𝑔∕𝑠))/(𝑚^2 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑆)
4
RED LINE: SUBS. UR VALUE!!!
𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
2799.5
𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
440.15

𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
43612.5

(3600𝑠/1ℎ𝑟)
𝑘𝑔⁄𝑠

𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ𝑟