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Module 3 PR Perf Cont

The document provides an overview of the present perfect continuous tense in English grammar. It defines the tense, including its formation using the present perfect of "to be" and the -ing form of the main verb. It distinguishes between the inclusive and exclusive uses, with the inclusive denoting an action that began in the past and continues in the present, and the exclusive denoting a recent action that is no longer occurring. Examples are given for both uses. Exercises are then provided to practice forming sentences in the present perfect continuous tense and combining sentences using the tense.

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164 views

Module 3 PR Perf Cont

The document provides an overview of the present perfect continuous tense in English grammar. It defines the tense, including its formation using the present perfect of "to be" and the -ing form of the main verb. It distinguishes between the inclusive and exclusive uses, with the inclusive denoting an action that began in the past and continues in the present, and the exclusive denoting a recent action that is no longer occurring. Examples are given for both uses. Exercises are then provided to practice forming sentences in the present perfect continuous tense and combining sentences using the tense.

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Виктор Облогов
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© © All Rights Reserved
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First – year Practical Grammar

Module 3: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The Present Perfect Continuous is formed by means of the Present Perfect of the
auxiliary verb “to be” (have been, has been) and Participle I of the notional verb.
It has been raining since morning.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

I have been reading. Have I been reading? I have not been reading.
He has been reading. Has he been reading? He has not been reading.
They have been reading. Have they been reading? They have not been reading.

The contracted forms:


I’ve been reading
He’s been reading They haven’t been reading
They’ve been reading

We distinguish between the two uses of the Present Perfect Continuous: the
Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive (Durative) and the Present Perfect Continuous
Exclusive (Resultative).

The Present Perfect Continuous is used to denote

Meaning Time indicators Examples


1.The Present Perfect I’ve been working for six
Continuous Inclusive since/for + phrase hours and now I’ll stop.
(Durative) since + clause I’ve been looking out for your
An action which began in so far/ up to now white dress for the last ten
the past, has been going on minutes.
up to the present and is still
going on.
lately We have been learning the
how long language for ten years and are
still learning it.
2. The Present Perfect Your eyes are red. You have
Continuous Exclusive been crying.
(Resultative) The streets are flooded. It has
An action which was been raining hard.
recently in progress but is
no longer going on at the
present moment.
Note: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense does not occur with verbs that are
not used in the Continuous and in negative sentences.

Exercises
1. Write sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous:
Model: Tom is out of breath.( he/ run)
He has been running
1) Ann is very tired. (she/work/hard)
2) Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill / fight)
3) George has just come back from the beach. He is very red.( he/lie/in the sun)
4) Janet is hot and tired. (she/play/tennis)
5) His eyes are red. (he/cry)
6) Your friend’s hands are covered in oil. (he /work/on the car)
7) John is waiting for you. (he/wait/long?)
8) The ground is wet.(it/rain /for 2 hours)

2. Ask questions with “how long”:


Model: It is raining.
How long has it been raining?
1) My foot is hurting.
2) Mike plays chess.
3) Jim sells washing machines.
4) Tom is living in High Street.
5) Ann is looking for a job.
6) George smokes.
7) I’ve been talking to you about you problem.
8) My friend is watching TV.

3. Combine two sentences into one, using Present Perfect Continuous:


Model: My brother began to do this exercise 20 minutes ago. He is still doing it.
My brother has been doing this exercise for 20 minutes.

1) It began to snow 3 hours ago. It is still snowing.


2) I began to write a composition at 5 o’clock. I am still writing it.
3) The doctor began to examine the patients a quarter of an hour ago. He is still
examining them.
4) The teacher began to teach English in 1999. He is still teaching English here.
5) We began to talk 2 hours ago. We are still talking.
6) I began to study English 2 years ago. I am still studying it.
7) My brother began to watch TV at 8 o’clock. He is still watching it.
8) They began to discuss this problem when I returned. They are still discussing it.

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